CN103248252B - 一种模块化多电平变换器的调制策略 - Google Patents

一种模块化多电平变换器的调制策略 Download PDF

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CN103248252B
CN103248252B CN201310072543.XA CN201310072543A CN103248252B CN 103248252 B CN103248252 B CN 103248252B CN 201310072543 A CN201310072543 A CN 201310072543A CN 103248252 B CN103248252 B CN 103248252B
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submodule
brachium pontis
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mutually
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CN103248252A (zh
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伍小杰
公铮
戴鹏
梁改革
耿乙文
郭全军
周娟
方蒽
赵霞
戴华夏
宗晓
刘广胜
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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Priority to US14/409,231 priority patent/US9787219B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2014/072229 priority patent/WO2014135006A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种模块化多电平变换器的调制策略，其特征是：基于载波层叠方法，结合各桥臂电流方向和子模块电容电压顺序，确定各子模块的投切状态。本发明的有益效果是：每相仅需要一个调制波和N个载波（N为模块化多电平变换器各相上桥臂或下桥臂的子模块个数），无需载波移相即可使模块化多电平变换器输出N+1个电平，控制算法精确度高，易于工程实现，节省软件和硬件资源；可以保证任意时刻每相投入的子模块个数为N，子模块电容电压无需闭环控制策略即可实现电压均衡控制；同时，便于对模块化多电平变换器电压和功率等级的调整，不受电平数量的限制。

Description

一种模块化多电平变换器的调制策略
技术领域
本发明涉及多电平电力电子变换器领域的调制技术，具体涉及模块化多电平变换器的载波脉宽调制策略。
背景技术
在高压大功率领域，多电平电力电子变换器以其独特的优势得到越来越广泛的应用。模块化多电平变换器是一种新型电压源型变换器，其采用严格的模块化设计结构，在大规模生产时降低了生产成本；通过子模块的串联，变换器的电压等级和功率等级易于扩展；变换器多电平的输出形式降低了输出电压的谐波含量和总畸变率，从而可以减小甚至省去大容量的交流滤波器；各桥臂子模块不需同时开通，降低了桥臂电压、电流的变化率，使得开关器件承受的应力大大降低；同时，模块化多电平变换器保护电路简单，易于实现。
多电平电力电子变换器的调制策略主要有载波脉宽调制策略和空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)策略等。由于SVPWM策略在输出电平数增加时，计算变得非常复杂且冗余矢量选择较为困难，较少用于三电平以上的变换器。载波脉宽调制策略的应用较为广泛，目前用于模块化多电平变换器的载波脉宽调制策略大都采用了载波移相技术。采用载波移相脉宽调制策略时，每相上、下桥臂各需要一个调制波和N个依次移相的载波，在不提高开关频率的前提下大大降低输出电压的谐波含量，易于模块化实现，并且使得开关器件的工作负荷均衡一致。但是，由于每个移相所得的载波都需要单独生成并且要求彼此进行同步，采用载波移相脉宽调制策略时会增加控制系统的工作负荷。特别是当变换器电平数较高，子模块数量较多时，采用该调制策略需要生成大量载波，对系统的软硬件资源要求较高。本发明模块化多电平变换器调制策略与载波移相脉宽调制策略取得相同输出电能质量的同时，不需要对载波进行移相控制，并且每相仅需要一个调制波和N个载波，将调制波和载波数量减少一半，也无需设计子模块电容电压均衡闭环控制算法，大幅度节省系统的软硬件资源，便于工程实现，更适用于电平数较多的模块化多电平变换器。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对模块化多电平变换器这种新型拓扑结构，对现有的载波调制策略进行改进，在保证变换器输出电能质量的前提下降低对系统软硬件资源的要求。
本发明所述模块化多电平变换器的每相由上桥臂、下桥臂和电抗器构成。本发明模块化多电平变换器的调制策略根据载波层叠调制方法生成上桥臂和下桥臂的PWM脉冲，通过对桥臂中子模块电容电压进行排序，结合桥臂电流方向，为各个子模块分配PWM脉冲，确定子模块的工作状态。
与已有的技术相比，本发明一种模块化多电平变换器的调制策略所具有的优点是：每相仅需要一个调制波和N个载波(N为模块化多电平变换器各相上桥臂或下桥臂的子模块个数)，无需载波移相即可使模块化多电平变换器输出相电压为N+1电平，控制算法精确度高，易于工程实现，节省软件和硬件资源；可以保证任意时刻每相投入的子模块个数为N，子模块电容电压无需闭环控制策略即可实现电压均衡控制；同时，便于对模块化多电平变换器电压和功率等级的调整，不受电平数量的限制。
附图说明
图1是模块化多电平变换器的主电路拓扑
图2是模块化多电平变换器的子模块电路拓扑
图3是载波层叠调制原理图
具体实施方式
一种模块化多电平变换器的调制策略，其特征是：基于载波层叠方法，结合各桥臂电流方向和子模块电容电压顺序，确定各子模块的投切状态。
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的描述：
图1为模块化多电平变换器的主电路拓扑，各相由上桥臂、下桥臂和串联的电抗器L构成，上桥臂包括N个子模块(SMu1-SMuN)，下桥臂包括N个子模块(SMd1-SMdN)。所有子模块的电路结构均相同，如图2所示。
所述模块化多电平变换器每相由2N个内部电路相同的子模块构成，子模块电路结构如图2所示。VT1和VT2代表绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)、集成门极换流晶闸管(IGCT)等大功率可控电力电子开关；D1、D2分别代表VT1、VT2的反并联二极管；C代表直流电容，其电压为uc，每个子模块为半桥结构，功率开关VT1和VT2串联后与直流电容C并联，A、B为子模块的输入输出端。如图1所示，上桥臂和下桥臂均由N个子模块串联构成，即上一子模块的输出端B与下一子模块的输入端A相连。上桥臂最上方子模块SMu1的输入端A接到直流电源正极，下桥臂最下方子模块SMdN的输出端B接到直流电源负极。同时，模块化多电平变换器的子模块含有独立的控制单元。
为了便于描述，首先说明模块化多电平变换器中子模块正常运行时的两个工作状态。如图2所示，当VT1开通而VT2关断时，电流通过D1向电容充电，或者通过VT1对电容进行放电，称为子模块投入状态；当VT1关断而VT2开通时，电流通过VT2或者D2，电容始终处在旁路状态，其电压不会变化，称为子模块切除状态。
由于各子模块VT1与VT2的开关状态互补这一特殊性，每个子模块仅需要一路触发脉冲。在子模块控制单元中对触发脉冲进行取反运算得到互补的触发脉冲，设置死区后作为子模块中VT1与VT2的触发信号。
以模块化多电平变换器a相为例说明桥臂电流方向对子模块电容电压的影响。如图1所示，上桥臂电流iau和下桥臂电流iad的正方向均为向下。当iau和iad的值大于0时，为充电电流，处于投入状态的子模块电容将充电，电容电压升高；当iau和iad的值小于0时，为放电电流，处于投入状态的子模块电容将放电，电容电压降低。
本发明的调制策略可以分为以下四个步骤实施：
(1)如图3所示，采用N个具有相同幅值Ac＝2/N，相同频率fc，相同相位的三角载波，层叠于图中纵坐标为-1到1的区间内，自底向上依次为第1，2，...，N个载波。将调制波与这N个载波进行比较，当调制波的值大于三角载波的值时，比较结果的输出为1；反之，当调制波的值小于三角载波的值时，比较结果的输出为0。通过比较得到N路PWM脉冲，与各三角载波一一对应，分别为PWM1，PWM2，...，PWMN。对这N路PWM脉冲进行取反，得到N路PWM脉冲PWM1’，PWM2’，...，PWMN’。
(2)在每个电压均衡控制周期起始时刻测量各相上桥臂电流iau和下桥臂电流iad，同时测量上桥臂子模块电容电压ucu1，ucu2，...，ucuN以及下桥臂子模块电容电压ucd1，ucd2，...，ucdN。
(3)分别对步骤(2)测量的上桥臂、下桥臂子模块电容电压由小到大进行排序，并使排序结果在一个电压均衡控制周期内保持不变。把上桥臂子模块电容电压顺序对应的子模块序号放入数组tu[i]中，把下桥臂子模块电容电压顺序对应的子模块序号放入数组td[i]中。
(4)根据子模块电容电压排序结果和桥臂电流方向为上桥臂和下桥臂的各个子模块分配PWM脉冲。
对于各相上桥臂而言，若各相上桥臂电流iau＞0，把步骤(1)中所得的N路PWM脉冲PWM1，PWM2，...，PWMN依次分配给子模块SM(tu[1])，SM(tu[2])，...，SM(tu[N])；若各相上桥臂电流iau＜0，把步骤(1)中所得的N路PWM脉冲PWM1，PWM2，...，PWMN依次分配给子模块SM(tu[N])，SM(tu[N-1])，...，SM(tu[1])；
对于各相下桥臂而言，若各相下桥臂电流iad＞0，把步骤(1)中所得的N路PWM脉冲PWM1’，PWM2’，...，PWMN’依次分配给子模块SM(td[N])，SM(td[N-1])，...，SM(td[1])；若各相下桥臂电流iad＜0，把步骤(1)中所得的N路PWM脉冲PWM1’，PWM2’，...，PWMN’依次分配给子模块SM(td[1])，SM(td[2])，...，SM(td[N])。

Claims (1)

1.一种模块化多电平变换器的调制策略，其特征在于：基于载波层叠方法，结合各桥臂电流方向和子模块电容电压顺序，确定各子模块的投切状态，包括以下步骤：
(1)采用N个幅值、频率、相位均相同的三角载波，层叠于纵坐标为-1到1的区间内，自底向上依次为第1，2，...，N个载波；将调制波与这N个载波进行比较，当调制波的值大于三角载波的值时，比较结果输出为1，反之，当调制波的值小于三角载波的值时，比较结果输出为0；通过比较得到N路PWM脉冲，与各三角载波一一对应，分别为PWM1，PWM2，...，PWMN；对这N路PWM脉冲进行取反，得到N路PWM脉冲PWM1’，PWM2’，...，PWMN’；
(2)在每个电压均衡控制周期起始时刻测量各相上桥臂电流iau和下桥臂电流iad，同时测量上桥臂各子模块电容电压ucu1，ucu2，...，ucuN以及下桥臂各子模块电容电压ucd1，ucd2，...，ucdN；
(3)分别对步骤(2)测量的上桥臂、下桥臂子模块电容电压由小到大进行排序，并使排序结果在一个电压均衡控制周期内保持不变；把上桥臂子模块电容电压顺序对应的子模块序号放入数组tu[i]中，把下桥臂子模块电容电压顺序对应的子模块序号放入数组td[i]中；
(4)根据子模块电容电压排序结果和桥臂电流方向为上桥臂和下桥臂的各个子模块分配PWM脉冲：
对于各相上桥臂而言，若各相上桥臂电流iau＞0，把步骤(1)中所得的N路PWM脉冲PWM1，PWM2，...，PWMN依次分配给子模块SM(tu[1])，SM(tu[2])，...，SM(tu[N])；若各相上桥臂电流iau＜0，把步骤(1)中所得的N路PWM脉冲PWM1，PWM2，...，PWMN依次分配给子模块SM(tu[N])，SM(tu[N-1])，...，SM(tu[1])；
对于各相下桥臂而言，若各相下桥臂电流iad＞0，把步骤(1)中所得的N路PWM脉冲PWM1’，PWM2’，...，PWMN’依次分配给子模块SM(td[N])，SM(td[N-1])，...，SM(td[1])；若各相下桥臂电流iad＜0，把步骤(1)中所得的N路PWM脉冲PWM1’，PWM2’，...，PWMN’依次分配给子模块SM(td[1])，SM(td[2])，...，SM(td[N])。
CN201310072543.XA 2013-03-07 2013-03-07 一种模块化多电平变换器的调制策略 Expired - Fee Related CN103248252B (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201310072543.XA CN103248252B (zh) 2013-03-07 2013-03-07 一种模块化多电平变换器的调制策略
US14/409,231 US9787219B2 (en) 2013-03-07 2014-02-19 Modulation policy for modular multi-level converter
PCT/CN2014/072229 WO2014135006A1 (zh) 2013-03-07 2014-02-19 一种模块化多电平变换器的调制策略
AU2014225133A AU2014225133B2 (en) 2013-03-07 2014-02-19 Modulation policy for modular multi-level convertor
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