CN103247524B - ∑形凹槽的制作方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
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Abstract
本发明提供一种∑形凹槽的制作方法,包括;提供半导体衬底,所述半导体衬底上形成有栅极,所述栅极和半导体衬底表面形成有保护层;利用等离子体刻蚀工艺和湿法刻蚀工艺,对所述保护层和半导体衬底进行刻蚀,在所述半导体衬底内形成∑形凹槽。于本发明利用等离子体特性,分别选择水平方向刻蚀和聚合物重的刻蚀气体,能够形成∑型凹槽结构。在此基础上再利用湿法刻蚀工艺沿晶向不同速率的特性形成∑形凹槽结构;并且该凹槽结构能够更靠近沟道,侧向距离L和垂直深度D可单独控制,即∑形凹槽的形貌可调,并能增加工艺窗口。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体技术领域,尤其涉及∑形凹槽的制作方法
背景技术
随着半导体制造技术的进步,半导体器件的特征尺寸不断缩小,当半导体器件的特征尺寸缩小至40纳米及以下时,需要使用嵌入式锗硅外延(使用embeddedepitaxialSiGe)技术来增强PMOS晶体管的驱动电流。而在锗硅外延生长之前需要形成在半导体衬底上形成凹槽。凹槽的形状有U形和∑形两种,∑形凹槽因为形状更接近沟道,增强驱动电流的效果更佳。
现有的∑形凹槽的制作方法请参考图1-图3所示。首先,提供半导体衬底10,所述半导体衬底10上形成有栅极20。在所述栅极20上形成保护层30,所述保护层30的材质为氮化硅层,用于保护栅极20。然后,请参考图2,进行等离子体刻蚀工艺,在所述半导体衬底10中形成凹槽40,所述凹槽的侧壁垂直于沟槽的底部或与沟槽底部倾斜。接着,请参考图3,进行湿法刻蚀工艺,形成∑形凹槽。
由于∑形凹槽的侧壁方向是在湿法刻蚀工艺中形成,该∑形凹槽的侧向距离L会受到∑形凹槽的垂直深度D限制,当垂直深度D一定时,基本上无法实现增大侧向距离L的尺寸,这使得现有的∑形凹槽的工艺窗口较小,影响了对器件的驱动电流的增强效果。
发明内容
本发明解决的问题是提供了一种∑形凹槽的制作方法,能够使得∑形凹槽能够更加靠近沟道,∑形凹槽的侧向距离和垂直深度可单独控制,实现∑形凹槽的形貌可调,增大了工艺窗口。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种∑形凹槽的制作方法,包括:
提供半导体衬底,所述半导体衬底上形成有栅极,所述栅极和半导体衬底表面形成有保护层;
利用等离子体刻蚀工艺和湿法刻蚀工艺,对所述保护层和半导体衬底进行刻蚀,在所述半导体衬底内形成∑形凹槽。
可选地,所述等离子体刻蚀工艺包括:
利用含第一刻蚀气体进行等离子体刻蚀工艺,所述第一刻蚀气体包括含碳的氟化物;利用第二刻蚀气体进行等离子体刻蚀工艺,所述第二刻蚀气体为含氮的氟化物;利用第三刻蚀气体进行等离子体刻蚀工艺,所述第三刻蚀气体包括溴化氢和O2的混合气体。
可选地,所述第一刻蚀气体包括CF4,CF4的流量范围为50-100sccm。
可选地,所述第二刻蚀气体包括NF3,刻蚀腔室的压力范围为60-100mTorr,偏置功率为0W。
可选地,第三刻蚀气体包括HBr和O2形成聚合物气体,所述HBr的流量范围为200-300sccm,O2的流量范围是5-10sccm。
可选地,依次利用所述第一刻蚀气体、第二刻蚀气体和第三刻蚀气体进行所述等离子体刻蚀工艺。
可选地,所述等离子体刻蚀工艺利用LAMkiyo或kiyo45设备进行。
可选地,所述等离子体刻蚀工艺在半导体衬底内形成开口,所述开口的宽度自沿半导体衬底上表面至下表面方向逐渐增大后逐渐减小。
可选地,所述湿法刻蚀工艺包括:采用酸性溶液进行清洗,所述酸性溶液为含有氢氟酸的溶液;
采用含有四甲基氢氧化铵的溶液进行刻蚀。
可选地,所述含有四甲基氢氧化铵溶液中的四甲基氢氧化铵的浓度为5-20%,所述湿法刻蚀工艺温度范围为50-60摄氏度。
可选地,所述保护层的材质为氮化硅,其厚度范围为100-150埃。
可选地,所述∑形凹槽的垂直深度范围为100-200埃,侧墙距离为30-75埃。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
本发明依次采用等离子体刻蚀和湿法刻蚀工艺对半导体衬底进行刻蚀,形成的∑形凹槽的更加接近沟槽,对PMOS晶体管驱动电流的增强效果更佳,并且∑形凹槽的侧向距离可以通过湿法刻蚀工艺进行调节控制,也能通过等离子体刻蚀工艺进行调节控制,所述∑形凹槽的侧墙距离和垂直深度可分别调节,使得侧向距离的调节不依赖于垂直深度,增大了工艺窗口,更好的调整∑形凹槽的形貌;由于本发明采用的等离子体刻蚀工艺在半导体衬底内形成开口,所述开口的宽度自沿半导体衬底上表面至下表面方向逐渐增大后逐渐减小,这样使得最终形成的∑形凹槽的深度和侧向距离更加单独可控制,使得∑形凹槽的深度和侧向距离不受晶向的控制,工艺更加灵活。
附图说明
图1-图3是现有技术的∑形凹槽的制作方法剖面结构示意图;
图4是本发明的∑形凹槽的制作方法流程示意图;
图5-图6是本发明一个实施例的∑形凹槽的制作方法剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种∑形凹槽的制作方法,请参考图4,图4为本发明的∑形凹槽的制作方法流程示意图,所述制作方法包括:
步骤S1,提供半导体衬底,所述半导体衬底上形成有栅极,所述栅极和半导体衬底表面形成有保护层;
步骤S2,利用等离子体刻蚀工艺和湿法刻蚀工艺,对所述保护层和半导体衬底进行刻蚀,在所述半导体衬底内形成∑形凹槽。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细的说明。为了更好说明本发明的技术方案,请参考图5-图6所示的本发明一个实施例的∑形凹槽的制作方法的剖面结构示意图。
请参考图5,提供半导体衬底100,所述半导体衬底100上形成有栅极200。在所述栅极200上形成保护层300,所述保护层300的材质为氮化硅,用于保护栅极200。所述保护层300的厚度范围为100-150埃。
然后,请参考图6,依次进行等离子体刻蚀工艺和湿法刻蚀工艺,在半导体衬底100内形成∑形凹槽500。作为一个实施例,所述等离子体刻蚀工艺包括:
利用含第一刻蚀气体进行等离子体刻蚀工艺,所述第一刻蚀气体包括含碳的氟化物,目的是对要形成∑形凹槽500位置的氮化硅进行刻蚀,将氮化硅去除;利用第二刻蚀气体进行等离子体刻蚀工艺,所述第二刻蚀气体为含氮的氟化物;利用第三刻蚀气体进行等离子体刻蚀工艺,所述第三刻蚀气体包括溴化氢和O2的混合气体,该步骤的聚合物重。
本实施例中,所述第一刻蚀气体包括CF4,CF4的流量范围为50-100sccm;所述第二刻蚀气体包括NF3,刻蚀腔室的压力范围为60-100mTorr,偏置功率为0W;第三刻蚀气体包括HBr和O2形成聚合物气体,所述HBr的流量范围为200-300sccm,O2的流量范围是5-10sccm。
作为本发明的一个实施例,依次利用所述第一刻蚀气体、第二刻蚀气体和第三刻蚀气体进行所述等离子体刻蚀工艺。所述等离子体刻蚀工艺利用LAMkiyo或kiyo45设备进行。
所述等离子体刻蚀工艺的目的是在半导体衬底100内形成开口,所述开口的宽度自沿半导体衬底100的上表面至下表面方向逐渐增大后逐渐减小,这样使得最终形成的∑形凹槽500的深度和侧向距离更加单独可控制,使得∑形凹槽500的深度和侧向距离不受晶向的控制,工艺更加灵活。
所述湿法刻蚀工艺包括:
首先采用酸性溶液进行清洗,所述酸性溶液为含有氢氟酸的溶液,目的是清除等离子体刻蚀工艺后半导体衬底表面的聚合物以及氧化物残留;
然后采用含有四甲基氢氧化铵的溶液进行刻蚀,其中所述含有四甲基氢氧化铵溶液中的四甲基氢氧化铵的浓度为5-20%,所述湿法刻蚀工艺温度范围为50-60摄氏度。
由于本发明利用等离子体特性,分别选择水平方向刻蚀和聚合物重的刻蚀气体,能够形成∑型凹槽结构。在此基础上再利用湿法刻蚀工艺沿晶向不同速率的特性形成∑形凹槽结构;并且该凹槽结构能够更靠近沟道,侧向距离L和垂直深度D可单独控制,即∑形凹槽500的形貌可调,并能增加工艺窗口。作为一个实施例,所述∑形凹槽500的垂直深度范围为100-200埃,侧墙距离为30-75埃。
综上,本发明依次采用等离子体刻蚀和湿法刻蚀工艺对半导体衬底进行刻蚀,形成的∑形凹槽的更加接近沟槽,对PMOS晶体管驱动电流的增强效果更佳,并且∑形凹槽的侧向距离可以通过湿法刻蚀工艺进行调节控制,也能通过等离子体刻蚀工艺进行调节控制,所述∑形凹槽的侧墙距离和垂直深度可分别调节,使得侧向距离的调节不依赖于垂直深度,增大了工艺窗口,更好的调整∑形凹槽的形貌。由于本发明采用的等离子体刻蚀工艺在半导体衬底内形成开口,所述开口的宽度自沿半导体衬底上表面至下表面方向逐渐增大后逐渐减小,这样使得最终形成的∑形凹槽的深度和侧向距离更加单独可控制,使得∑形凹槽的深度和侧向距离不受晶向的控制,工艺更加灵活。
因此,上述较佳实施例仅为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (11)
1.一种∑形凹槽的制作方法,在其特征在于,包括:
提供半导体衬底,所述半导体衬底上形成有栅极,所述栅极和半导体衬底表面形成有保护层;
利用等离子体刻蚀工艺和湿法刻蚀工艺,对所述保护层和半导体衬底进行刻蚀,在所述半导体衬底内形成∑形凹槽;
所述等离子体刻蚀工艺包括:利用含第一刻蚀气体进行等离子体刻蚀工艺,并将氮化硅保护层完全去除,所述第一刻蚀气体包括含碳的氟化物;利用第二刻蚀气体进行等离子体刻蚀工艺,所述第二刻蚀气体为含氮的氟化物;利用第三刻蚀气体进行等离子体刻蚀工艺,所述第三刻蚀气体包括溴化氢和O2的混合气体。
2.如权利要求1所述的∑形凹槽的制作方法,其特征在于,所述第一刻蚀气体包括CF4,CF4的流量范围为50-100sccm。
3.如权利要求1所述的∑形凹槽的制作方法,其特征在于,所述第二刻蚀气体包括NF3,刻蚀腔室的压力范围为60-100mTorr,偏置功率为0W。
4.如权利要求1所述的∑形凹槽的制作方法,其特征在于,第三刻蚀气体包括HBr和O2形成聚合物气体,所述HBr的流量范围为200-300sccm,O2的流量范围是5-10sccm。
5.如权利要求1所述的∑形凹槽的制作方法,其特征在于,依次利用所述第一刻蚀气体、第二刻蚀气体和第三刻蚀气体进行所述等离子体刻蚀工艺。
6.如权利要求1所述的∑形凹槽的制作方法,其特征在于,所述等离子体刻蚀工艺利用LAMkiyo或kiyo45设备进行。
7.如权利要求1所述的∑形凹槽的制作方法,其特征在于,所述等离子体刻蚀工艺在半导体衬底内形成开口,所述开口的宽度自沿半导体衬底上表面至下表面方向逐渐增大后逐渐减小。
8.如权利要求1所述的∑形凹槽的制作方法,其特征在于,所述湿法刻蚀工艺包括:采用酸性溶液进行清洗,所述酸性溶液为含有氢氟酸的溶液;
采用含有四甲基氢氧化铵的溶液进行刻蚀。
9.如权利要求8所述的∑形凹槽的制作方法,其特征在于,所述含有四甲基氢氧化铵溶液中的四甲基氢氧化铵的浓度为5-20%,所述湿法刻蚀工艺温度范围为50-60摄氏度。
10.如权利要求1所述的∑形凹槽的制作方法,其特征在于,所述保护层的材质为氮化硅,其厚度范围为100-150埃。
11.如权利要求1所述的∑形凹槽的制作方法,其特征在于,所述∑形凹槽的垂直深度范围为100-200埃,侧墙距离为30-75埃。
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