CN103247261A - 外部补偿感应电路及其感应方法、显示装置 - Google Patents

外部补偿感应电路及其感应方法、显示装置 Download PDF

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CN103247261A
CN103247261A CN201310148727XA CN201310148727A CN103247261A CN 103247261 A CN103247261 A CN 103247261A CN 201310148727X A CN201310148727X A CN 201310148727XA CN 201310148727 A CN201310148727 A CN 201310148727A CN 103247261 A CN103247261 A CN 103247261A
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吴仲远
段立业
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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Priority to US14/354,779 priority patent/US9734760B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2013/079934 priority patent/WO2014173026A1/zh
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    • G09G3/3275—Details of drivers for data electrodes
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    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
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    • G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
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Abstract

本发明涉及有机发光显示技术领域的一种外部补偿感应电路及其感应方法、显示装置，所述外部补偿感应电路包括差分放大器、第一电容、第二电容和第一电容输出电压控制电路；所述差分放大器的负输入端与显示屏连接，正输入端连接基准电压，输出端与所述第一电容输出电压控制电路的输出端连接；所述第一电容输出电压控制电路用于使第一电容在后续电流积分阶段的输出电压以基准电压为基准变化。本发明提供的外部补偿感应电路及其感应方法、显示装置，能够利用电容在初始阶段储存放大器的失调电压，消除不同通道之间由于放大器失调引起的电压输出差异，提高电压输出精确度。

Description

外部补偿感应电路及其感应方法、显示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及有机发光显示技术领域，特别涉及一种外部补偿感应电路及其感应方法、显示装置。
背景技术
有机发光显示二极管（OLED，Organic Light-Emitting Diode）作为一种电流型发光器件已越来越多地被应用于高性能显示装置中。传统的无源矩阵有机发光显示管（Passive Matrix OLED）随着显示尺寸的增大，需要更短的单个像素的驱动时间，因而需要增大瞬态电流，增加功耗。同时大电流的应用会造成纳米铟锡金属氧化物（ITO，Indium Tin Oxides）线上压降过大，并使OLED工作电压过高，进而降低其效率。而有源矩阵有机发光显示管（AMOLED，Active MatrixOLED）通过开关管逐行扫描输入OLED电流，可以很好地解决这些问题。
在AMOLED的背板设计中，主要需要解决的问题是像素单元电路之间的亮度非均匀性。
首先，AMOLED采用薄膜晶体管（TFT，Thin-Film Transistor）构建像素单元电路为OLED器件提供相应的电流。现有技术中，大多采用低温多晶硅薄膜晶体管(LTPS TFT，Low Temperature Poly-SiliconTFT)或氧化物薄膜晶体管（Oxide TFT）。与一般的非晶硅薄膜晶体管（amorphous-Si TFT）相比，LTPS TFT和Oxide TFT具有更高的迁移率和更稳定的特性，更适合应用于AMOLED显示中。但是由于晶化工艺的局限性，在大面积玻璃基板上制作的LTPS TFT，常常在诸如阈值电压、迁移率等电学参数上具有非均匀性，这种非均匀性会转化为OLED显示器件的电流差异和亮度差异，并被人眼所感知，即色不均（mura）现象。Oxide TFT虽然工艺的均匀性较好，但是与a-Si TFT类似，在长时间加压和高温下，其阈值电压会出现漂移，由于显示画面不同，面板各部分TFT的阈值漂移量不同，会造成显示亮度差异，由于这种差异与之前显示的图像有关，因此常呈现为残影现象。
第二，在大尺寸显示应用中，由于背板电源线存在一定电阻，且所有像素的驱动电流都由ARVDD提供，因此在背板中靠近ARVDD电源供电位置区域的电源电压相比较离供电位置较远区域的电源电压要高，这种现象被称为电源压降（IR Drop）。由于ARVDD的电压与电流相关，IR Drop也会造成不同区域的电流差异，进而在显示时产生mura现象。采用P型（P-Type）TFT构建像素单元的LTPS工艺对这一问题尤其敏感，因为其存储电容连接在ARVDD与TFT栅极之间，ARVDD的电压改变，会直接影响驱动TFT管栅极的电压Vgs。
第三，OLED器件在蒸镀时由于膜厚不均也会造成电学性能的非均匀性。对于采用N-Type TFT构建像素单元的a-Si或Oxide TFT工艺，其存储电容连接在驱动TFT栅极与OLED阳极之间，在数据电压传输到栅极时，如果各像素OLED阳极电压不同，则实际加载在TFT上的栅极电压Vgs不同，从而驱动电流不同造成显示亮度差异。
AMOLED按照驱动类型可以划分为三大类：数字式、电流式和电压式。其中数字式驱动方法通过将TFT作为开关控制驱动时间的方式实现灰阶，无需补偿非均匀性，但是其工作频率随显示尺寸增大而成倍上升，导致很大的功耗，并在一定范围内达到设计的物理极限，因此不适合大尺寸显示应用。电流式驱动法通过直接提供大小不同的电流给驱动管的方式实现灰阶，它可以较好地补偿TFT非均匀性及IR Drop，但是在写入低灰阶信号时，小电流对数据线上较大的寄生电容充电会造成写入时间过长，这一问题在大尺寸显示中尤其严重并且难以克服。电压式驱动方法与传统的有源矩阵液晶显示器（AMLCD，Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display）驱动方法类似，由驱动IC提供一个表示灰阶的电压信号，该电压信号会在像素电路内部被转化为驱动管的电流信号，从而驱动OLED实现亮度灰阶，这种方法具有驱动速度快，实现简单的优点，适合驱动大尺寸面板，被业界广泛采用，但是需要设计额外的TFT和电容器件来补偿TFT非均匀性、IR Drop和OLED非均匀性。
图1为现有技术中的典型的像素单元电路，如图1所示，典型的像素单元电路包括2个薄膜晶体管T2和T1，以及1个电容C，是典型的电压驱动型像素电路结构（2T1C）。其中薄膜晶体管T2作为开关管，将数据线上的电压传输到作为驱动管的薄膜晶体管T1的栅极，驱动管将这个数据电压转化为相应的电流供给OLED器件，在正常工作时，驱动管T1应处于饱和区，在一行的扫描时间内提供恒定电流。其电流可表示为：
I OLED = 1 2 μ n · C OX · W L · ( V data - V OLED - V thn ) 2
其中μn为载流子迁移率，COX为栅氧化层电容，
Figure BDA00003105990200032
为晶体管宽长比，VDATA为数据线信号电压，VOLED为OLED的工作电压，为所有像素单元电路共享，Vthn为TFT晶体管的阈值电压，对于增强型TFT，Vthn为正值，对于耗尽型TFT，Vthn为负值。由上式可知，如果不同像素单元之间的Vthn不同，则电流存在差异。如果像素的Vthn随时间发生漂移，则可能造成先后电流不同，导致残影。且由于OLED器件非均匀性引起OLED工作电压不同，也会导致电流差异。
面向补偿Vthn非均匀性、漂移和OLED非均匀性的像素结构有很多种，通常可分为内部补偿和外部补偿两类。其中外部补偿的主要设计难点是电流感应电路，为了提高读取速度，通常PANEL中的每一列Pixel都分别对应一个感应电路单元。感应电路的主要功能是将输出或输入的电流转换为电压信号传给后续的ADC模块做进一步处理。传统的感应电路由电流积分器组成，经过转换后的输出电压和放大器的失调电压有关，由于工艺误差及系统误差的原因，通常每个感应电路单元的放大器失调电压都不一样，这会降低输出电压的准确度，无法精确比较PANEL中各列之间的电流差异。
为了解决以上问题，本发明做了有益改进。
发明内容
（一）要解决的技术问题
本发明的目的是提供一种外部补偿感应电路及其感应方法、显示装置，所述外部补偿感应电路能够消除不同通道之间由于放大器失调引起的电压输出差异，提高电压输出精确度。
（二）技术方案
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种外部补偿感应电路，所述外部补偿感应电路包括差分放大器、第一电容、第二电容和第一电容输出电压控制电路；
所述差分放大器的负输入端与显示屏连接，正输入端连接基准电压，输出端与所述第一电容输出电压控制电路的输出端连接；
所述第一电容的两端分别与所述差分放大器的负输入端和所述第一电容输出电压控制电路的输入端连接；
所述第二电容的一端与所述第一电容输出电压控制电路的输出端连接，另一端接地；
所述第一电容输出电压控制电路用于使第一电容在后续电流积分阶段的输出电压以基准电压为基准变化。
其中，所述差分放大器的负输入端与显示屏之间设置有第一开关、所述第一电容的两端之间设置有第二开关、第二电容与所述第一电容输出电压控制电路的输出端之间设置有第三开关。
进一步的，所述第一电容输出电压控制电路包括第一输出电路和第二输出电路；
所述第一输出电路输入端与第一电容连接，该第一输出电路的输出端与所述差分放大器的输出端连接；所述第一输出电路的输入端和输出端之间设有第四开关；
所述第二输出电路输入端与第一电容连接，该第二输出电路的输出端连接基准电压；所述第二输出电路在其输入端和输出端之间设有第五开关。
优选的，所述第一、第二、第三、第四和第五开关均采用MOS管。
本实施例还提供一种显示装置，所述显示装置包括权利要求1-4所述的外部补偿感应电路。
本实施例还提供一种上述的外部补偿感应电路的感应方法，该方法包括步骤：
差分放大器被偏置在单位增益状态，第一电容放电；
显示屏的电流对第一电容充电或放电，第一电容输出电压控制电路使第一电容的输出电压以基准电源变化；
第二电容内存储电压。
（三）有益效果
与现有技术和产品相比，本发明有如下优点：
本发明通过第一电容输出电压控制电路，利用第一电容在初始阶段储存放大器的失调电压，从而在后续电流积分阶段使输出电压与差分放大器失调电压无关，消除不同通道之间由于放大器失调电压引起的输出差异，提高输出电压的精确度。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的现有技术中像素单元电路的电路图；
图2是本发明外部补偿感应电路的电路图；
图3是本发明外部补偿感应电路的感应方法步骤图；
图4是本发明本发明实施例外部补偿感应电路输出电压时序对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做一个详细的说明。
如图2所示，本实施例提供一种应用于AMOLED（有源矩阵有机发光显示管）外部补偿的电流感应电路，即一种外部补偿感应电路，所述外部补偿感应电路包括差分放大器9、第一电容4、第二电容8和第一电容输出电压控制电路10；
所述差分放大器9的负输入端与显示屏1（PANEL）连接，其正输入端连接基准电压（VREL），其输出端与所述第一电容输出电压控制电路10的输出端连接；
所述第一电容4的两端分别与所述差分放大器9的负输入端和所述第一电容输出电压控制电路10的输入端连接；
所述第二电容8的一端与所述第一电容输出电压控制电路10的输出端连接，另一端接地；
所述第一电容输出电压控制电路10用于使第一电容4在后续电流积分阶段的输出电压以基准电压为基准变化。
其中，所述差分放大器9的负输入端与显示屏1之间设置有第一开关2、所述第一电容4的两端之间设置有第二开关3、第二电容8与第一电容输出电压控制电路10的输出端之间设置有第三开关7。
进一步的，所述第一电容输出电压控制电路10包括第一输出电路和第二输出电路；
所述第一输出电路输入端与第一电容4连接，该第一输出电路的输出端与所述差分放大器9的输出端连接；所述第一输出电路的输入端和输出端之间设有第四开关5；
所述第二输出电路输入端与第一电容4连接，该第二输出电路的输出端接基准电压；所述第二输出电路在其输入端和输出端之间设有第五开关6。
优选的，所述第一、第二、第三、第四和第五开关均采用MOS管。
本实施例还提供一种显示装置，该显示装置包括上述的外部补偿感应电路。
此外，如图3所示，本实施例提供了上述外部补偿感应电路的使用方法，并且，图4中，提供了外部补偿感应电路第一开关、第二开关、第三开关、第四开关和第五开关的驱动时序。所述五个开关均采用MOS管，通过电平信号与MOS管的栅极连接，从而控制MOS管的导通与关断。每个MOS管的控制信号分别设置为高电平和低电平，对应代表导通和关断。第一开关、第二开关、第三开关、第四开关和第五开关分别以K1、K2、K3、K4、K5表示。外部补偿感应电路的感应方法，具体包括以下步骤：
S1、差分放大器被偏置在单位增益状态，第一电容放电。具体而言，此步骤为初始复位阶段，K2、K3和K5的控制信号采用高电平，所以此三个开关导通，K1和K4的控制信号采用低电平，故该两个开关断开，差分放大器被偏置在单位增益状态，其负输入端与输出电压相同为VREF+VOS，其中VREF为基准电压，VOS为放大器失调电压。第一电容两端分别连接到差分放大器的负输入端和VREF电压，则第一电容的两端负载电荷为
(VREF+VOS-VREF)C1=VOS·C1。
S2、显示屏的电流对第一电容充电或放电，第一电容输出电压控制电路使第一电容的输出电压以基准电源变化；该步骤为积分阶段。具体而言，K1，K3和K4导通，K2和K5断开。此时，来自显示器内部的像素电流或对第一电容充电，或对其放电，此时第一电容上的负载电荷的变化量为It，其中I为像素电流，t为充放电时间。由于第一电容左极板电压不变，仍为VREF+VOS，则第一电容右极板电压也即输出电压为VOUT=VREF+It，VOUT为第一电容的输出电压。由此可见，VOUT是以VREF电压为基准变化，这就与差分放大器的失调电压就无关了。
S3、第二电容内存储电压。此阶段为保持阶段，此时K3断开，VOUT电压储存在第二电容，再经过后续ADC转换进行进一步处理。
以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明，而并非对本发明的限制，有关技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可以做出各种变化和变型，因此所有等同的技术方案也属于本发明的范畴，本发明的专利保护范围应由权利要求限定。

Claims (6)

1.一种外部补偿感应电路，其特征在于，所述外部补偿感应电路包括差分放大器、第一电容、第二电容和第一电容输出电压控制电路；
所述差分放大器的负输入端与显示屏连接，其正输入端连接基准电压，其输出端与所述第一电容输出电压控制电路的输出端连接；
所述第一电容的一端与所述差分放大器的负输入端连接，另一端与所述第一电容输出电压控制电路的输入端连接；
所述第二电容的一端与所述第一电容输出电压控制电路的输出端连接，另一端接地；
所述第一电容输出电压控制电路用于使第一电容在后续电流积分阶段的输出电压以基准电压为基准变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外部补偿感应电路，其特征在于，所述差分放大器的负输入端与显示屏之间设置有第一开关，所述第一电容的两端之间设置有第二开关、第二电容与所述第一电容输出电压控制电路的输出端之间设置有第三开关。
3.根据权利要求2所述的外部补偿感应电路，其特征在于，所述第一电容输出电压控制电路包括第一输出电路和第二输出电路；
所述第一输出电路输入端与第一电容连接，所述第一输出电路的输出端与所述差分放大器的输出端连接；所述第一输出电路的输入端和输出端之间设有第四开关；
所述第二输出电路输入端与第一电容连接，该第二输出电路的输出端连接基准电压；所述第二输出电路在其输入端和输出端之间设有第五开关。
4.根据权利要求3所述的外部补偿感应电路，其特征在于，所述第一、第二、第三、第四和第五开关均采用MOS管。
5.一种显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示装置包括如权利要求1-4任一项所述的外部补偿感应电路。
6.一种根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的外部补偿感应电路的感应方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
差分放大器被偏置在单位增益状态，第一电容放电；
显示屏的电流对第一电容充电或放电，第一电容输出电压控制电路使第一电容的输出电压以基准电源变化；
第二电容内存储电压。
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