CN103225309A - Construction method for concrete matrix planting protective slope - Google Patents

Construction method for concrete matrix planting protective slope Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103225309A
CN103225309A CN2013101147437A CN201310114743A CN103225309A CN 103225309 A CN103225309 A CN 103225309A CN 2013101147437 A CN2013101147437 A CN 2013101147437A CN 201310114743 A CN201310114743 A CN 201310114743A CN 103225309 A CN103225309 A CN 103225309A
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pipe
film
concrete
maintenance
plant
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CN103225309B (en
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葛加君
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Xuzhou Shanmei Environmental Protection Technology Development Co., Ltd
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葛加君
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Abstract

The invention discloses a construction method for a concrete matrix planting protective slope. The method comprises the steps of processing a slope surface, producing a mold bag, laying the mold bag, preparing slurry, grouting the slurry, pressing the slurry, selecting plant seeds, preparing nutrient soil, manufacturing seed tubes, filling the seed tubes with seal soil, making a tube inserting device, planting plants, cleaning, performing maintenance, and the like. According to the construction method, the traditional method is reformed, vertical mold template pouring is replaced by mold bag pouring, and green plants are planted on the concrete matrix; the method is simple in operability, the concrete mold bags are laid on the slope body, the slurry is poured, and then plant seed tubes are inserted before initial concrete setting; and further, the method is wide in application range and suitable for construction of various slope bodies.

Description

Concrete substrate is planted green slope protection construction method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of concrete substrate and plant green slope protection construction method.
Background technology
The protection water and soil resources, improving climatic environment, making up conservation culture is international research theme.China's slope bulk area is big, the soil property complexity, and it is serious to collapse under the existing sloping body, and sloping body function is not good enough.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the effective concrete substrate of a kind of easy construction to plant green slope protection construction method.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of concrete substrate is planted green slope protection construction method, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) slope surface treatment: to the need sloping body of constructing, carry out slope surface treatment, remove domatic weeds, trees, rubble, surface dust, the pedestrian that goes forward side by side is carefully and neatly flat, forms the unified gradient, again the gradient is carried out compacting, mollisol, silt soil, the soil that bursts apart is gone here and there muscle reinforce; The string muscle is reinforced and is adopted bamboo chip, and bamboo chip length is 1.5m, and width is 1cm, and thickness is 2-4 mm, and a sharpening is pressed the 30cm spacing, and blossom type inserts;
(2) the mould bag is made: be that needlework stitch with geotextiles with stitching sewing machine and by horizontal vertical every 30cm with geotextiles or woven cloth earlier, make the bag skin, on skin, cover the needle punched non-woven fabrics internal layer again, described geotextiles is selected the 260g/m woven geotextile for use, described woven cloth adopts the 200g/m woven cloth, the nonwoven that nonwoven usefulness 〉=2mm is thick, adopt nylon yarn to sew up in position, bag bottom by longitudinal mode 1m spacing then sand rib reinforced bands is set, gravel size is between 10-15cm, be made into solid figure mould bag, sack top one end stays grouting port to carry out slip casting, and mould bag thickness is 4cm, and width is 8-10.5m;
(3) the mould bag is laid: lay after the mould bag is made, the vertical face overlap joint of mould bag and mould bag is 10-15cm, and the mould bag of grouting behind shaft or drift lining overlaps on the mould bag of slip casting formerly;
(4) slip configuration: the cement redundancy is 1.00, orthopaedics particle diameter 〉=20mm; Tower degree of falling 50-70mm, the match ratio of cement, water, sand, stone is 0.47:1:1.342:3.129, forms slope protection concrete;
(5) grouting: use high-pressure pump to be in the milk by force;
(6) mud jacking: after injecting concrete in the mould bag, be pressed in above the mould bag with plank or steel plate, plank or steel plate width are identical with the bank protection width, length is 2-4m, with vibrator maneuverability vibration on plank or steel plate, extruding dies water-in-bag part makes mould bag inner concrete moisture content≤20%, forms slope protection concrete structure body;
(7) plant species is selected: select happiness photosensitiveness vine plant to tailo, the back is selected shade tolerance vine plant;
(8) nutrition soil configuration: concrete is planted the foster soil in green camps and is formed by mellow soil, plant ash, animal manure configuration, mellow soil accounts for 40%, plant ash 20%, animal manure 20%, by weight percentage after the configuration, with the vexed 5-6 of plastic foil days, to ferment, pulverize the back, particle diameter≤3mm, moisture content≤6% mixes and stirs 1% carbendazim again and carries out sterilization, and the filling bag is standby;
(9) planting pipe makes: select the PVC plastic film tube for use, diameter is 1.5cm-2cm, and length is 〉=slope protection concrete structure body thickness+4cm that end 4cm is coniform;
(10) kind soil is irritated pipe: elder generation pours into soil in kind of the pipe a part of, plants pipe top and reserves 0.5cm space highly, and pour into again and plant, the 2-4 grain, after seed pours into, capable again grave mound, grave mound thickness is 0.5cm;
(11) intubator is made: intubator is made up of egative film, anchor clamps, crab-bolt, four parts of capable ring; It is 1 group that egative film is 2, and 2 ~ 10 groups of set of planes are combined into 1 frame; Egative film adopts stainless-steel sheet, and length is 10m, and width is 0.5m, thickness is 1cm, press the 1m spacing on egative film, be polished into half garden shape hole respectively, hole diameter equals kind of a pipe diameter, 2 egative films are 1 group, be spliced to form garden shape hole, use the wafer type clamp clamps around every frame, the left and right sides two halves of anchor clamps are fixed with crab-bolt, the capable boxing made from φ 10-15 reinforcing bar is connected on the anchor clamps upper end, forms intubator;
(12) plant growing, after concrete structure body forms, before the initial set, among building back 24 hours, the intubator that kind of pipe is housed is inserted in the concrete with hammering kind pipe on concrete surface, dismantle crab-bolt then and remove intubator, because of still having head, kind of a pipe stays the concrete surface surface, so, cover and press beam slab again at kind of a pipe upper surface, vibrate with vibrator, make in the whole implantation of the plant species pipe concrete;
(13) cleaning is safeguarded: behind plant growing, and the floating ash of cleaning structural plane body, water washes, and covers the automatic control skin care film then, carries out the maintenance of concrete structure body and is unearthed with promoting plant seed germination;
The maintenance insulation film is made: select for use and hollow plastic cement pipe of φ 1mm and the hollow plastic cement pipe of φ 5mm, wherein the hollow plastic cement pipe of φ 1mm is made the tributary pipe, and φ 5mm plastic cement pipe is made main flow pipe, with the tributary manage the side by 0.5cm apart from boring, the aperture is 0.1mm; Main flow pipe is pressed 2cm apart from the jewel hole hole, and the aperture is 1mm; Then plastic paper is tiled in and makes on the platform, brush adhesive, by the hollow sebific duct of the horizontal paving φ of spacing 2cm 1mm, eyelet up during paving, vertical then end face paving 2-3 root φ 5mm plastic cement pipe, and with the hollow plastic cement pipe insertion of φ 1mm φ 5mm eyelet, periphery is coated with into adhesive, and then, finish the maintenance insulation film and make above the covering of pre-prepd eye shape film; Described eye shape film production method: eye shape film is a skim that covers on tributary pipe, the main flow pipe, this film has with the tributary manages corresponding eyelet, making eye shape film is exactly to press horizontal 2 cm spacings on plastic sheeting, and vertical 0.5 cm spacing is bored φ 0.1 aperture eye, boring at the moment, if the plank that equates with the plastic sheeting amplitude is pressed horizontal 2cm spacing, vertically the 0.5cm spacing on the plank, implant φ 0.1mm steel nail, make a shape film perforated plate; Beat gently on plastic sheeting with eye shape film perforated plate, promptly form eye shape film; Described plastic sheeting is the thick plastic sheeting of flexible 0.5 mm;
Paving: will be incubated on the face that skin care film is tiled in required maintenance, after the paving, covering protection net on the maintenance insulation film, catch net is compiled into by the polypropylene line, and mesh is 10 * 10cm, and net tightened is pressed into ground;
Main flow pipe is connected water storage tank water chew, then water tank is filled water, open valve, implement maintenance;
The maintenance lagging facility is removed: when maintenance is finished, plant seedlings is unearthed, and removes the maintenance lagging facility, should remove water storage tank earlier during dismounting, raises catch net then, raises the maintenance insulation film again, and with catch net, maintenance insulation film film, the folded colligation of volume gives over to and uses.
Reform traditional method of the present invention is utilized the formwork erection template to build to use the mould bag instead and is built, and green plants is planted on concrete substrate; This worker method operability is simple, and on sloping body, the tender tea leaves slurry is built with concrete mould bag place mat, before concrete initial set, inserts the vegetable seeds pipe then, and this worker method applied range is applicable to various sloping body constructions.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of kind of pipe.
Fig. 2 is that insulation maintenance molding sebific duct is arranged schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
A kind of concrete substrate is planted green slope protection construction method, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) slope surface treatment: to the need sloping body of constructing, carry out slope surface treatment, remove domatic weeds, trees, rubble, surface dust, the pedestrian that goes forward side by side is carefully and neatly flat, forms the unified gradient, again the gradient is carried out compacting, mollisol, silt soil, the soil that bursts apart is gone here and there muscle reinforce; The string muscle is reinforced and is adopted bamboo chip, and bamboo chip length is 1.5m, and width is 1cm, and thickness is 2-4 mm, and a sharpening is pressed the 30cm spacing, and blossom type inserts;
(2) the mould bag is made: be that needlework stitch with geotextiles with stitching sewing machine and by horizontal vertical every 30cm with geotextiles or woven cloth earlier, make the bag skin, on skin, cover the needle punched non-woven fabrics internal layer again, described geotextiles is selected the 260g/m woven geotextile for use, described woven cloth adopts the 200g/m woven cloth, the nonwoven that nonwoven usefulness 〉=2mm is thick, adopt nylon yarn to sew up in position, bag bottom by longitudinal mode 1m spacing then sand rib reinforced bands is set, gravel size is between 10-15cm, be made into solid figure mould bag, sack top one end stays grouting port to carry out slip casting, and mould bag thickness is 4cm, and width is 8-10.5m;
(3) the mould bag is laid: lay after the mould bag is made, the vertical face overlap joint of mould bag and mould bag is 10-15cm, and the mould bag of grouting behind shaft or drift lining overlaps on the mould bag of slip casting formerly;
(4) slip configuration: the cement redundancy is 1.00, orthopaedics particle diameter 〉=20mm; Tower degree of falling 50-70mm, the match ratio of cement, water, sand, stone is 0.47:1:1.342:3.129, forms slope protection concrete;
(5) grouting: use high-pressure pump to be in the milk by force;
(6) mud jacking: after injecting concrete in the mould bag, be pressed in above the mould bag with plank or steel plate, plank or steel plate width are identical with the bank protection width, length is 2-4m, with vibrator maneuverability vibration on plank or steel plate, extruding dies water-in-bag part makes mould bag inner concrete moisture content≤20%, forms slope protection concrete structure body;
(7) plant species is selected: select happiness photosensitiveness vine plant to tailo, the back is selected shade tolerance vine plant;
(8) nutrition soil configuration: concrete is planted the foster soil in green camps and is formed by mellow soil, plant ash, animal manure configuration, mellow soil accounts for 40%, plant ash 20%, animal manure 20%, by weight percentage after the configuration, with the vexed 5-6 of plastic foil days, to ferment, pulverize the back, particle diameter≤3mm, moisture content≤6% mixes and stirs 1% carbendazim again and carries out sterilization, and the filling bag is standby;
(9) planting pipe makes: select PVC plastic film tube 1 for use, diameter is 1.5cm-2cm, and length is 〉=slope protection concrete structure body thickness+4cm that end 4cm is coniform;
(10) kind soil is irritated pipe: elder generation pours into soil 2 in kind of the pipe a part of, plants pipe top and reserves 0.5cm space highly, and pour into again and plant 3, the 2-4 grain, after seed pours into, capable again grave mound, grave mound thickness is 0.5cm;
(11) intubator is made: intubator is made up of egative film, anchor clamps, crab-bolt, four parts of capable ring; It is 1 group that egative film is 2, and 2 ~ 10 groups of set of planes are combined into 1 frame; Egative film adopts stainless-steel sheet, and length is 10m, and width is 0.5m, thickness is 1cm, press the 1m spacing on egative film, be polished into half garden shape hole respectively, hole diameter equals kind of a pipe diameter, 2 egative films are 1 group, be spliced to form garden shape hole, use the wafer type clamp clamps around every frame, the left and right sides two halves of anchor clamps are fixed with crab-bolt, the capable boxing made from φ 10-15 reinforcing bar is connected on the anchor clamps upper end, forms intubator;
(12) plant growing, after concrete structure body forms, before the initial set, among building back 24 hours, the intubator that kind of pipe is housed is inserted in the concrete with hammering kind pipe on concrete surface, dismantle crab-bolt then and remove intubator, because of still having head, kind of a pipe stays the concrete surface surface, so, cover and press beam slab again at kind of a pipe upper surface, vibrate with vibrator, make in the whole implantation of the plant species pipe concrete;
(13) cleaning is safeguarded: behind plant growing, and the floating ash of cleaning structural plane body, water washes, and covers the automatic control skin care film then, carries out the maintenance of concrete structure body and is unearthed with promoting plant seed germination;
The maintenance insulation film is made: select for use and hollow plastic cement pipe 4 of φ 1mm and the hollow plastic cement pipe 5 of φ 5mm, wherein the hollow plastic cement pipe of φ 1mm is made the tributary pipe, and φ 5mm plastic cement pipe is made main flow pipe, with the tributary manage the side by 0.5cm apart from boring, the aperture is 0.1mm; Main flow pipe is pressed 2cm apart from the jewel hole hole, and the aperture is 1mm; Then plastic paper is tiled in and makes on the platform, brush adhesive, by the hollow sebific duct of the horizontal paving φ of spacing 2cm 1mm, eyelet up during paving, vertical then end face paving 2-3 root φ 5mm plastic cement pipe, and with the hollow plastic cement pipe insertion of φ 1mm φ 5mm eyelet, periphery is coated with into adhesive, and then, finish the maintenance insulation film and make above the covering of pre-prepd eye shape film; Described eye shape film production method: eye shape film is a skim that covers on tributary pipe, the main flow pipe, this film has with the tributary manages corresponding eyelet, making eye shape film is exactly to press horizontal 2 cm spacings on plastic sheeting, and vertical 0.5 cm spacing is bored φ 0.1 aperture eye, boring at the moment, if the plank that equates with the plastic sheeting amplitude is pressed horizontal 2cm spacing, vertically the 0.5cm spacing on the plank, implant φ 0.1mm steel nail, make a shape film perforated plate; Beat gently on plastic sheeting with eye shape film perforated plate, promptly form eye shape film; Described plastic sheeting is the thick plastic sheeting of flexible 0.5 mm;
Paving: will be incubated on the face that skin care film is tiled in required maintenance, after the paving, covering protection net on the maintenance insulation film, catch net is compiled into by the polypropylene line, and mesh is 10 * 10cm, and net tightened is pressed into ground;
Main flow pipe is connected water storage tank water chew, then water tank is filled water, open valve, implement maintenance;
The maintenance lagging facility is removed: when maintenance is finished, plant seedlings is unearthed, and removes the maintenance lagging facility, should remove water storage tank earlier during dismounting, raises catch net then, raises the maintenance insulation film again, and with catch net, maintenance insulation film film, the folded colligation of volume gives over to and uses.

Claims (1)

1. a concrete substrate is planted green slope protection construction method, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) slope surface treatment: to the need sloping body of constructing, carry out slope surface treatment, remove domatic weeds, trees, rubble, surface dust, the pedestrian that goes forward side by side is carefully and neatly flat, forms the unified gradient, again the gradient is carried out compacting, mollisol, silt soil, the soil that bursts apart is gone here and there muscle reinforce; The string muscle is reinforced and is adopted bamboo chip, and bamboo chip length is 1.5m, and width is 1cm, and thickness is 2-4 mm, and a sharpening is pressed the 30cm spacing, and blossom type inserts;
(2) the mould bag is made: be that needlework stitch with geotextiles with stitching sewing machine and by horizontal vertical every 30cm with geotextiles or woven cloth earlier, make the bag skin, on skin, cover the needle punched non-woven fabrics internal layer again, described geotextiles is selected the 260g/m woven geotextile for use, described woven cloth adopts the 200g/m woven cloth, the nonwoven that nonwoven usefulness 〉=2mm is thick, adopt nylon yarn to sew up in position, bag bottom by longitudinal mode 1m spacing then sand rib reinforced bands is set, gravel size is between 10-15cm, be made into solid figure mould bag, sack top one end stays grouting port to carry out slip casting, and mould bag thickness is 4cm, and width is 8-10.5m;
(3) the mould bag is laid: lay after the mould bag is made, the vertical face overlap joint of mould bag and mould bag is 10-15cm, and the mould bag of grouting behind shaft or drift lining overlaps on the mould bag of slip casting formerly;
(4) slip configuration: the cement redundancy is 1.00, orthopaedics particle diameter 〉=20mm; Tower degree of falling 50-70mm, the match ratio of cement, water, sand, stone is 0.47:1:1.342:3.129, forms slope protection concrete;
(5) grouting: use high-pressure pump to be in the milk by force;
(6) mud jacking: after injecting concrete in the mould bag, be pressed in above the mould bag with plank or steel plate, plank or steel plate width are identical with the bank protection width, length is 2-4m, with vibrator maneuverability vibration on plank or steel plate, extruding dies water-in-bag part makes mould bag inner concrete moisture content≤20%, forms slope protection concrete structure body;
(7) plant species is selected: select happiness photosensitiveness vine plant to tailo, the back is selected shade tolerance vine plant;
(8) nutrition soil configuration: concrete is planted the foster soil in green camps and is formed by mellow soil, plant ash, animal manure configuration, mellow soil accounts for 40%, plant ash 20%, animal manure 20%, by weight percentage after the configuration, with the vexed 5-6 of plastic foil days, to ferment, pulverize the back, particle diameter≤3mm, moisture content≤6% mixes and stirs 1% carbendazim again and carries out sterilization, and the filling bag is standby;
(9) planting pipe makes: select the PVC plastic film tube for use, diameter is 1.5cm-2cm, and length is 〉=slope protection concrete structure body thickness+4cm that end 4cm is coniform;
(10) kind soil is irritated pipe: elder generation pours into soil in kind of the pipe a part of, plants pipe top and reserves 0.5cm space highly, and pour into again and plant, the 2-4 grain, after seed pours into, capable again grave mound, grave mound thickness is 0.5cm;
(11) intubator is made: intubator is made up of egative film, anchor clamps, crab-bolt, four parts of capable ring; It is 1 group that egative film is 2, and 2 ~ 10 groups of set of planes are combined into 1 frame; Egative film adopts stainless-steel sheet, and length is 10m, and width is 0.5m, thickness is 1cm, press the 1m spacing on egative film, be polished into half garden shape hole respectively, hole diameter equals kind of a pipe diameter, 2 egative films are 1 group, be spliced to form garden shape hole, use the wafer type clamp clamps around every frame, the left and right sides two halves of anchor clamps are fixed with crab-bolt, the capable boxing made from φ 10-15 reinforcing bar is connected on the anchor clamps upper end, forms intubator;
(12) plant growing, after concrete structure body forms, before the initial set, among building back 24 hours, the intubator that kind of pipe is housed is inserted in the concrete with hammering kind pipe on concrete surface, dismantle crab-bolt then and remove intubator, because of still having head, kind of a pipe stays the concrete surface surface, so, cover and press beam slab again at kind of a pipe upper surface, vibrate with vibrator, make in the whole implantation of the plant species pipe concrete;
(13) cleaning is safeguarded: behind plant growing, and the floating ash of cleaning structural plane body, water washes, and covers the automatic control skin care film then, carries out the maintenance of concrete structure body and is unearthed with promoting plant seed germination;
The maintenance insulation film is made: select for use and hollow plastic cement pipe of φ 1mm and the hollow plastic cement pipe of φ 5mm, wherein the hollow plastic cement pipe of φ 1mm is made the tributary pipe, and φ 5mm plastic cement pipe is made main flow pipe, with the tributary manage the side by 0.5cm apart from boring, the aperture is 0.1mm; Main flow pipe is pressed 2cm apart from the jewel hole hole, and the aperture is 1mm; Then plastic paper is tiled in and makes on the platform, brush adhesive, by the hollow sebific duct of the horizontal paving φ of spacing 2cm 1mm, eyelet up during paving, vertical then end face paving 2-3 root φ 5mm plastic cement pipe, and with the hollow plastic cement pipe insertion of φ 1mm φ 5mm eyelet, periphery is coated with into adhesive, and then, finish the maintenance insulation film and make above the covering of pre-prepd eye shape film; Described eye shape film production method: eye shape film is a skim that covers on tributary pipe, the main flow pipe, this film has with the tributary manages corresponding eyelet, making eye shape film is exactly to press horizontal 2 cm spacings on plastic sheeting, and vertical 0.5 cm spacing is bored φ 0.1 aperture eye, boring at the moment, if the plank that equates with the plastic sheeting amplitude is pressed horizontal 2cm spacing, vertically the 0.5cm spacing on the plank, implant φ 0.1mm steel nail, make a shape film perforated plate; Beat gently on plastic sheeting with eye shape film perforated plate, promptly form eye shape film; Described plastic sheeting is the thick plastic sheeting of flexible 0.5 mm;
Paving: will be incubated on the face that skin care film is tiled in required maintenance, after the paving, covering protection net on the maintenance insulation film, catch net is compiled into by the polypropylene line, and mesh is 10 * 10cm, and net tightened is pressed into ground;
Main flow pipe is connected water storage tank water chew, then water tank is filled water, open valve, implement maintenance;
The maintenance lagging facility is removed: when maintenance is finished, plant seedlings is unearthed, and removes the maintenance lagging facility, should remove water storage tank earlier during dismounting, raises catch net then, raises the maintenance insulation film again, and with catch net, maintenance insulation film film, the folded colligation of volume gives over to and uses.
CN201310114743.7A 2013-04-03 2013-04-03 Construction method for concrete matrix planting protective slope Active CN103225309B (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103498565A (en) * 2013-10-14 2014-01-08 成军 Automatic control water-saving maintenance thermal-insulation construction method for building hybrid structure body
CN105178248A (en) * 2015-07-30 2015-12-23 葛加君 Concrete plant planting and slope protecting method for soft soil river slope
CN110080167A (en) * 2019-04-29 2019-08-02 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 Mould bag fills sludge solidification ecological slope protection construction method
CN110106830A (en) * 2019-04-30 2019-08-09 湖北工业大学 One kind having hole mold-bagged concrete ecological bank protection structure and construction method
CN110150045A (en) * 2019-05-14 2019-08-23 三峡大学 For improving the mold and construction method of slope greening supporting power

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US4449847A (en) * 1982-09-27 1984-05-22 Nicolon Corporation Revetment panel
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CN201762714U (en) * 2010-06-08 2011-03-16 沈承秀 Ecological moisture preservation engineering bag fabric and ecological moisture preservation engineering bag

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103498565A (en) * 2013-10-14 2014-01-08 成军 Automatic control water-saving maintenance thermal-insulation construction method for building hybrid structure body
CN105178248A (en) * 2015-07-30 2015-12-23 葛加君 Concrete plant planting and slope protecting method for soft soil river slope
CN105178248B (en) * 2015-07-30 2017-01-04 葛加君 Soft soil river slope concrete greening slope protection method
CN110080167A (en) * 2019-04-29 2019-08-02 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 Mould bag fills sludge solidification ecological slope protection construction method
CN110106830A (en) * 2019-04-30 2019-08-09 湖北工业大学 One kind having hole mold-bagged concrete ecological bank protection structure and construction method
CN110106830B (en) * 2019-04-30 2020-11-27 湖北工业大学 Porous mold bag concrete ecological revetment structure and construction method
CN110150045A (en) * 2019-05-14 2019-08-23 三峡大学 For improving the mold and construction method of slope greening supporting power
CN110150045B (en) * 2019-05-14 2021-07-13 三峡大学 Mold for improving slope greening supporting force and construction method

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