CN103202411A - Compound feed for high-density cultivation of grass carps - Google Patents
Compound feed for high-density cultivation of grass carps Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a compound feed for high-density cultivation of grass carps. The compound feed comprises the following raw materials in weight percentage: 15-25% of wheat shorts, 10-25% of distillers dried grains and soluble DDSG, 3-8% of fish meal, 8-18% of bean pulp, 7-15% of peanut meal, 5-12% of rapeseed meal, 5-10% of full-fat rice bran, 5-8% of meat and bone meal, 2-5% of zeolite powder, 1-3% of soybean oil, 0.8-2% of special feed additive for the grass carps, 0.2-0.3% of compound vitamins, 0.2-0.3% of compound microelements and 0.5% of table salt; and the sum of the weight percentages of all the raw materials is 100%. With the adoption of the compound feed for the high-density cultivation of the grass carps disclosed by the invention, the economic benefits of the cultivation of the grass carps can be obviously improved, four diseases of grass carp in a grass carp cultivation process can be obviously improved, and the survival rate is improved by 7-9%; and the feed conversion rate in the grass carp cultivation process can be effectively improved and the growth of the grass carps is accelerated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the aquaculture of aquatic animal field of fodder, particularly a kind of mixed feed for the grass carp high-density breeding, this mixed feed can improve the immunity of grass carp, improves " grass carp four diseases " of grass carp in culturing.
Background technology
Grass carp is one of China four large Chinese carps, also is the main fresh water fingerling of China, and grass carp is cultured has advantages such as feed cost is low, economic benefit is obvious, and it is with the liking of consumer less and extremely of thorn between fine and tender taste, individual big, flesh.In recent years; development along with culture fishery; grass carp is cultured the green grass feed raising that has become traditional and is converted into based on fine fodder; green forage is the mode of throwing something and feeding of assisting; also shortened to 1 year from 2 years the growth period of grass carp; economic benefit improves significantly; but because under the high-density breeding condition; grass carp physique by feeding with fodder concentrate obviously descends; and cultivation density is crossed the conference generation stress; reduce fish to the resistance of disease; cause survival rate low; the red skin disease that in breeding process, is subjected to easily; gill rot; the infringement of enteritis disease and hemorrhage; these four kinds of diseases are called as " grass carp four diseases ", and the outburst of these diseases brings destructive strike can for the grass carp aquaculture, thereby the scale of grass carp; high-density breeding is subjected to very big restriction.Long-term practice shows, can prevent " grass carp four diseases " to the grass carp injection of antibiotics; But these antibiotic can enter human body along with the edible various fish products of people, and this has just caused antibiotic abuse indirectly, might cause multiple drug induced disease, even can produce and have multiple drug-fast " superbug ".
Chinese medicine medical science belongs to the traditional medicine of China, strengthens the immunity function of aquatic livestock by the use of Chinese herbal medicine, and the incidence of disease that reduces aquatic livestock becomes hot research in recent years.Chinese herbal medicine is particularly useful for intensive, the needs of scale production of current aquatic products industry as medicine or the feed addictive of disease prevention and cure, is convenient to carry out colony's control of high-density breeding grass carp disease.Chinese herbal medicine have residual less, pathogenic bacteria advantage such as be difficult for developing immunity to drugs, its effect not only has direct inhibition and killing action at pathogenic microorganisms itself, the more important thing is the object-immunity system of feeding is adjusted, improve immunity function and the anti-stress ability of feeding animals, medicinal herb components is made into feed addictive, and further be processed as mixed feed, be used for the control grass carp and culture the disease control criterion that " grass carp four diseases " that occur easily meet the nuisanceless aquatic products industry of development fully, produce green aquatic product.
Summary of the invention
For solving the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a kind of mixed feed for the grass carp high-density breeding, wherein be added with the grass carp feed additive special that is formed by multiple combined Chinese herb, its can improve on the one hand grass carp immunity, reduce the illness rate of grass carp, reduce the loss of fish death; On the other hand, reduce antibiotic use, avoided antibiotic residue to the harm of human body and the generation of resistance.
For addressing the above problem, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of mixed feed for the grass carp high-density breeding is characterized in that, each raw material and percentage by weight thereof are in the described mixed feed: inferior powder 15 ~ 25%, maize alcohol lees and solubility DDSG 10 ~ 25%, fish meal 3 ~ 8%, dregs of beans 8 ~ 18%, peanut meal 7 ~ 15%, the dish dregs of rice 5 ~ 12%, full-cream rice bran 5 ~ 10%, meat meal tankage 5 ~ 8%, zeolite powder 2 ~ 5%, soybean oil 1 ~ 3%, grass carp feed additive special 0.8 ~ 2%, B B-complex 0.2 ~ 0.3%, composite trace element 0.2 ~ 0.3%, salt 0.5%; The percentage by weight sum of above-mentioned each raw material is 100%.
Preferably, each raw material and percentage by weight thereof are in the described mixed feed: inferior powder 20%, maize alcohol lees and solubility DDSG 18%, fish meal 5%, dregs of beans 15%, peanut meal 12%, the dish dregs of rice 9%, full-cream rice bran 8%, meat meal tankage 6%, zeolite powder 3%, soybean oil 2%, grass carp feed additive special 1%, B B-complex 0.25%, composite trace element 0.25%, salt 0.5%.
Preferably, each raw material and percentage by weight thereof are in the described mixed feed: inferior powder 25%, maize alcohol lees and solubility DDSG 13%, dregs of beans 10%, fish meal 7%, peanut meal 15%, the dish dregs of rice 8%, full-cream rice bran 7%, meat meal tankage 7%, zeolite powder 3%, soybean oil 3%, grass carp feed additive special 1%, B B-complex 0.25%, composite trace element 0.25%, salt 0.5%.
Wherein said B B-complex and composite trace element are common commercially available B B-complex and composite trace element, are preferably fresh-water fishes B B-complex and composite trace element.
Wherein said grass carp feed additive special is made up of the component of following quality percentage composition: fibrous radix of coptis 18%, dandelion 11%, sowthistle 11%, honeysuckle stem 12%, the Radix Astragali 12%, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10%, the capsule of weeping forsythia 6%, the fruit of glossy privet 6%, pine needle meal 14%.The preparation method of described grass carp feed additive special is: take by weighing each component by described quality percentage composition, be crushed to about 80 ~ 120 orders, mixing namely.
The preparation method of the mixed feed for the grass carp high-density breeding of the present invention is: take by weighing raw material by weight percentage; drop into pulverizer and pulverize, be crushed to about 20 ~ 30 orders, drop into granulator behind the mixing; under 90 ~ 93 ℃ of conditions, granulate, make its gelatinization degree reach 80% and get final product.
Mixed feed for the grass carp high-density breeding of the present invention has following advantage and beneficial effect:
The present invention is according to the growth characteristic of grass carp, easy ill disease and the custom of searching for food, utilize the balanced nutrients technology to carry out the feed preparation of grass carp, compare with traditional feed of grass carp, the consumption of fish meal is below 8% in the mixed feed of the present invention, reduced the cost of material of feed, guarantee the normal feed intake of grass carp, improved the utilization rate of feed.And the grass carp feed additive special that adds among the present invention has been selected for use natural, the medicinal herb components of safety, follow the preparation principle of " monarch ", kind and the optimum amount of Chinese herbal medicine have finally been determined through repetition test and checking, feasible wherein Synergistic between the various traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, mutually promote, reached fabulous growth promotion, improve immunity, the technique effect of prevention " grass carp four diseases ", wherein the main active ingredient of selected fibrous radix of coptis is coptis chinensis total alkaloid, has very strong heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, the function of purging intense heat and detonicating has very strong antibiotic and antiviral activity simultaneously; That dandelion has is clearing heat and detoxicating, the effect of diminishing inflammation and resolving masses, can prevent skin ulcer and multiple purulent inflammation; Sowthistle has clearing heat and detoxicating, and cool blood dampness removing has the inhibiting bacteria and diminishing inflammation effect, has certain preventive and therapeutic effect for grass carp red skin disease and gill rot; Honeysuckle stem has clearing heat and detoxicating, suppresses the effect of pathogenic bacteria growth; The Radix Astragali, the fruit of glossy privet, Radix Angelicae Sinensis have the effect that strengthens immunity; The capsule of weeping forsythia also has antibacterial action; Be rich in the chemical substance of multivitamin and similar hormone in the pine needle meal, have somatotrophic effect for grass carp.Collaborative mutually between the said herbal medicine, the common promotion reached and improved technique effect immune, that growth promotion is grown.
Adopt the mixed feed for the grass carp high-density breeding of the present invention can improve the economic benefit that grass carp is cultured significantly, it can significantly improve " grass carp four diseases " in the grass carp breeding process, and survival rate improves 7 ~ 9%; Can improve the feed conversion rate in the grass carp raising effectively, promote the growth of grass carp.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: a kind of mixed feed for the grass carp high-density breeding is characterized in that each raw material and percentage by weight thereof are in the described mixed feed: inferior powder 20%, maize alcohol lees and solubility DDSG 18%, fish meal 5%, dregs of beans 15%, peanut meal 12%, the dish dregs of rice 9%, full-cream rice bran 8%, meat meal tankage 6%, zeolite powder 3%, soybean oil 2%, grass carp feed additive special 1%, B B-complex 0.25%, composite trace element 0.25%, salt 0.5%; The preparation method is: take by weighing raw material by weight percentage, drop into pulverizer and pulverize, be crushed to about 20 ~ 30 orders, drop into granulator behind the mixing, granulate under 90 ~ 93 ℃ of conditions, make its gelatinization degree reach 80% and get final product.
Wherein said grass carp feed additive special is made up of the component of following quality percentage composition: fibrous radix of coptis 18%, dandelion 11%, sowthistle 11%, honeysuckle stem 12%, the Radix Astragali 12%, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10%, the capsule of weeping forsythia 6%, the fruit of glossy privet 6%, pine needle meal 14%.The preparation method of described grass carp feed additive special is: take by weighing each component by described quality percentage composition, be crushed to about 80 ~ 120 orders, mixing namely.
Embodiment 2: a kind of mixed feed for the grass carp high-density breeding is characterized in that each raw material and percentage by weight thereof are in the described mixed feed: inferior powder 25%, maize alcohol lees and solubility DDSG 13%, dregs of beans 10%, fish meal 7%, peanut meal 15%, the dish dregs of rice 8%, full-cream rice bran 7%, meat meal tankage 7%, zeolite powder 3%, soybean oil 3%, grass carp feed additive special 1%, B B-complex 0.25%, composite trace element 0.25%, salt 0.5%; The preparation method is: take by weighing raw material by weight percentage, drop into pulverizer and pulverize, be crushed to about 20 ~ 30 orders, drop into granulator behind the mixing, granulate under 90 ~ 93 ℃ of conditions, make its gelatinization degree reach 80% and get final product.
Wherein said grass carp feed additive special is made up of the component of following quality percentage composition: fibrous radix of coptis 18%, dandelion 11%, sowthistle 11%, honeysuckle stem 12%, the Radix Astragali 12%, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10%, the capsule of weeping forsythia 6%, the fruit of glossy privet 6%, pine needle meal 14%.The preparation method of described grass carp feed additive special is: take by weighing each component by described quality percentage composition, be crushed to about 80 ~ 120 orders, mixing namely.
Embodiment 3: the animal feeding test
In freshwater fish culturing field, Zhejiang, choose basic identical grass carp 2000 tails of upgrowth situation, be divided into five groups at random, adopt middle-size and small-size net cage to carry out high-density breeding, each cage culture 100 tail, feed forage and part mixed feed, wherein organize the 1 common commercially available mixed feed of throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed the respectively mixed feed of the embodiment of the invention 1 ~ 2 of group 2 ~ 3, throw something and feed the respectively mixed feed of following contrast experiment's example 1 ~ 2 of group 4 ~ 5, fed the incidence during the record and final survival rate 3 months.Concrete outcome sees Table 1:
Table 1: grass carp growing state table
c
| Group | Additive | Survival rate | Morbidity, growing state |
| Group 1 | Common commercially available feed | 90.5% | Gill rot appears in part during this time, causes the death of part fry, cures behind antibiotic therapy |
| Group 2 | Embodiment 1 | 97.5% | Do not see the generation of " grass carp four diseases " during this time, rare fry death; Individual relatively large |
| Group 3 | Embodiment 2 | 99.5% | Do not see the generation of " grass carp four diseases " during this time, rare fry death; Individual relatively large |
| Group 4 | Comparative experimental example 1 a | 88% | Red skin disease and enteritis disease appear in small size during this time, cure after drug therapy; The death of part fry |
| Group 5 | Comparative experimental example 2 b | 91.5 % | Hemorrhage appears in small size during this time, fully recovers after short-term is fed group 2 feed; The death of part fry |
A. contrast experiment's example 1: a kind of grass carp mixed feed is characterized in that each raw material and percentage by weight thereof are in the described mixed feed: inferior powder 30%, maize alcohol lees and solubility DDSG 18%, fish meal 6%, dregs of beans 15%, peanut meal 2%, the dish dregs of rice 9%, full-cream rice bran 8%, meat meal tankage 6%, zeolite powder 3%, soybean oil 2%, B B-complex 0.25%, composite trace element 0.25%, salt 0.5%; The preparation method is: take by weighing raw material by weight percentage, drop into pulverizer and pulverize, be crushed to about 20 ~ 30 orders, drop into granulator behind the mixing, granulate under 90 ~ 93 ℃ of conditions, make its gelatinization degree reach 80% and get final product.
B. comparative experimental example 2: a kind of grass carp mixed feed is characterized in that each raw material and percentage by weight thereof are in the described mixed feed: inferior powder 20%, maize alcohol lees and solubility DDSG 18%, fish meal 5%, dregs of beans 15%, peanut meal 12%, the dish dregs of rice 9%, full-cream rice bran 8%, meat meal tankage 6%, zeolite powder 3%, soybean oil 2%, grass carp feed additive special 1%, B B-complex 0.25%, composite trace element 0.25%, salt 0.5%; The preparation method is: take by weighing raw material by weight percentage, drop into pulverizer and pulverize, be crushed to about 20 ~ 30 orders, drop into granulator behind the mixing, granulate under 90 ~ 93 ℃ of conditions, make its gelatinization degree reach 80% and get final product.
Wherein said grass carp feed additive special is made up of the component of following quality percentage composition: fibrous radix of coptis 5%, dandelion 5%, sowthistle 5%, honeysuckle stem 10%, the Radix Astragali 30%, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 5%, the capsule of weeping forsythia 7%, the fruit of glossy privet 3%, pine needle meal 30%; The preparation method is: take by weighing each component by above-mentioned quality percentage composition, be crushed to about 100 orders, mixing namely.
C. under the identical situation of the amount of the mixed feed of throwing something and feeding, group 2,3 was individual obviously greater than the individual size of organizing 1,4,5 when feeding experiment finished.
Shown by above animal feeding experiment result, the mixed feed that is used for the grass carp high-density breeding involved in the present invention can effectively prevent the generation of grass carp breeding process " grass carp four diseases ", its dominant mechanism is to suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the water, improve fry simultaneously to the resistance of pathogenic bacteria, and in the process of feeding, also find, for the fry at the susceptible initial stage mixed feed for the grass carp high-density breeding of the present invention of throwing something and feeding, it can play certain therapeutic action.And under the identical situation of other conditions, the fry speed of growth tool of the mixed feed of the present invention of feeding has greatly improved, and individuality is obviously greater than contrast and contrast test group.
In the breeding process of large-scale cultivation field, Hunan, the mixed feed for the grass carp high-density breeding of the present invention has also been obtained similar effect simultaneously, and the culture benefit in per hectare waters has improved about 15%.
Raw material of the present invention all can be bought from the market.More than disclosed be specific embodiments of the invention only, but the present invention is not limited thereto, any those skilled in the art can think variation, all should drop within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a mixed feed that is used for the grass carp high-density breeding is characterized in that each raw material and percentage by weight thereof are in the described mixed feed: inferior powder 15 ~ 25%, maize alcohol lees and solubility DDSG 10 ~ 25%, fish meal 3 ~ 8%, dregs of beans 8 ~ 18%, peanut meal 7 ~ 15%, the dish dregs of rice 5 ~ 12%, full-cream rice bran 5 ~ 10%, meat meal tankage 5 ~ 8%, zeolite powder 2 ~ 5%, soybean oil 1 ~ 3%, grass carp feed additive special 0.8 ~ 2%, B B-complex 0.2 ~ 0.3%, composite trace element 0.2 ~ 0.3%, salt 0.5%; The percentage by weight sum of above-mentioned each raw material is 100%;
Wherein said grass carp feed additive special is made up of the component of following quality percentage composition: fibrous radix of coptis 18%, dandelion 11%, sowthistle 11%, honeysuckle stem 12%, the Radix Astragali 12%, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10%, the capsule of weeping forsythia 6%, the fruit of glossy privet 6%, pine needle meal 14%; The preparation method of described grass carp feed additive special is: take by weighing each component by described quality percentage composition, be crushed to about 80 ~ 120 orders, mixing namely.
2. the mixed feed for the grass carp high-density breeding according to claim 1 is characterized in that, preferably, each raw material and percentage by weight thereof are in the described mixed feed: inferior powder 20%, maize alcohol lees and solubility DDSG 18%, fish meal 5%, dregs of beans 15%, peanut meal 12%, the dish dregs of rice 9%, full-cream rice bran 8%, meat meal tankage 6%, zeolite powder 3%, soybean oil 2%, grass carp feed additive special 1%, B B-complex 0.25%, composite trace element 0.25%, salt 0.5%.
3. the mixed feed for the grass carp high-density breeding according to claim 1 is characterized in that, preferably, each raw material and percentage by weight thereof are in the described mixed feed: inferior powder 25%, maize alcohol lees and solubility DDSG 13%, dregs of beans 10%, fish meal 7%, peanut meal 15%, the dish dregs of rice 8%, full-cream rice bran 7%, meat meal tankage 7%, zeolite powder 3%, soybean oil 3%, grass carp feed additive special 1%, B B-complex 0.25%, composite trace element 0.25%, salt 0.5%.
4. the preparation method according to the described mixed feed for the grass carp high-density breeding of claim 1 ~ 3 is: take by weighing raw material by weight percentage; dropping into pulverizer pulverizes; be crushed to about 20 ~ 30 orders; drop into granulator behind the mixing; under 90 ~ 93 ℃ of conditions, granulate, make its gelatinization degree reach 80% and get final product.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103598440A (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-02-26 | 高雷 | Grass carp feed |
| CN103815201A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-05-28 | 明建华 | Anti-stress and puffed mixed feed for ctenopharyngodon idellus and production method for feed |
| CN104026393A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2014-09-10 | 安徽省肥东县管湾水产养殖场 | Mandarin fish luring fodder and preparation method thereof |
| CN104381641A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-03-04 | 安徽华亿农牧科技发展有限公司 | Disease prevention and detoxification feed for fish and shrimps in fresh water, and preparation method of feed |
| CN104431619A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-03-25 | 广州市海维饲料有限公司 | Compound feed for preventing and treating three diseases of grass carp |
| CN105166370A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-12-23 | 安徽三兴饲料有限公司 | Feed for breeding grass carps |
| CN105995227A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-10-12 | 福建福铭食品有限公司 | Compound feed with low content of fish meal and preparation method of compound feed |
| CN106212340A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2016-12-14 | 蒋丽红 | A kind of segmentation cultural method of ecological Ctenopharyngodon idellus |
| CN106359200A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-02-01 | 王玉宽 | High-density cultivation method for improving grass carp stress resistance |
| CN109007460A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2018-12-18 | 成都三旺农牧股份有限公司 | A kind of mixed feed and preparation method thereof improving grass carp immunity |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103598440A (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-02-26 | 高雷 | Grass carp feed |
| CN103815201A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-05-28 | 明建华 | Anti-stress and puffed mixed feed for ctenopharyngodon idellus and production method for feed |
| CN103815201B (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-06-24 | 湖州师范学院 | Anti-stress and puffed mixed feed for ctenopharyngodon idellus and production method for feed |
| CN104026393A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2014-09-10 | 安徽省肥东县管湾水产养殖场 | Mandarin fish luring fodder and preparation method thereof |
| CN104381641A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-03-04 | 安徽华亿农牧科技发展有限公司 | Disease prevention and detoxification feed for fish and shrimps in fresh water, and preparation method of feed |
| CN104431619A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-03-25 | 广州市海维饲料有限公司 | Compound feed for preventing and treating three diseases of grass carp |
| CN105166370A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-12-23 | 安徽三兴饲料有限公司 | Feed for breeding grass carps |
| CN105995227A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-10-12 | 福建福铭食品有限公司 | Compound feed with low content of fish meal and preparation method of compound feed |
| CN106212340A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2016-12-14 | 蒋丽红 | A kind of segmentation cultural method of ecological Ctenopharyngodon idellus |
| CN106359200A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-02-01 | 王玉宽 | High-density cultivation method for improving grass carp stress resistance |
| CN109007460A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2018-12-18 | 成都三旺农牧股份有限公司 | A kind of mixed feed and preparation method thereof improving grass carp immunity |
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