CN103202215B - Method for increasing southern wheat yield per unit area - Google Patents
Method for increasing southern wheat yield per unit area Download PDFInfo
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- CN103202215B CN103202215B CN201210012129.5A CN201210012129A CN103202215B CN 103202215 B CN103202215 B CN 103202215B CN 201210012129 A CN201210012129 A CN 201210012129A CN 103202215 B CN103202215 B CN 103202215B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for increasing southern wheat yield per unit area. The method changes spring wheat varieties generally applied in the southern wheat areas at present into winter wheat varieties. A cultivation method for the winter wheat varieties suitable for planting in the south comprises the steps of selecting northern winter wheat as female parents, selecting southern spring wheat as male parents; sowing the northern winter wheat 30-60 days in advance in areas south of northern latitude 33 degrees, China, so as to make flowering period of the northern winter wheat encounter that of the southern spring wheat; detasselling, hybridizing with the southern spring wheat; and selecting winter wheat novel variety form the hybrid generations. The selected winter wheat novel variety is suitable for growing in areas south of the of northern latitude 33 degrees, China; and the yield per unit area is increased by one time or more than one time than that of the southern spring wheat.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop-planting technical field.Be specifically related to wheat planting method.
Background technology
Along with the successful incubation of hybrid rice and the raising of Wheat in Northern output, the grain-production of China meets eating requirements substantially, simultaneously, because the output of southern Late frost damage is far below northern winter habit wheat, therefore, the Wheat Production area in much south (on the south north latitude 33 degree) area significantly reduces, and the wheat area of the Yangtze river basin reduces to current 7,500 ten thousand mu by 1.33 hundred million mu of the thirties, and in south China, not grow wheat substantially at present.However, wheat remains the important crops of southern area of China.
The wheat spring varieties of southern china plantation, because its tillering ability is weak, vegetative period is short, and drought resistance, cold resistance are poor, and output is generally than winter variety low yield more than 50%.If plant spring varieties at northern Mai Qu, because temperature in tillering stage is lower, spring varieties also has longer tillering stage and Jointing stage, therefore in north spring varieties, it emerges also longer to the time going out fringe, and thus spike number and grain number per spike are also more, can obtain higher output.South is then contrary.Therefore, compared with the north, south needs winter variety more.In addition, China, on the one hand due to water shortage in north china, has to spend huge sums and builds project of South-to-North water diversion, and on the other hand, allocate and transport again the large wheat of production process water consumption in a large number from the north to south, this economically or ecology be all very irrational.If wheat can be planted in south, just there is no need to seek something far and wide when it is within reach.But for a long time, owing to being subject to the impact of traditional wheat vernalization theory, north latitude 33 degree of areass to the south, are considered to the forbidden zone of winter habit wheat breed.It is believed that, in these areas, because winter temperature is low not, winter habit wheat breed is difficult to enter generative growth phase by vernalization stage, and that is, these kinds can not be bloomed in south, solid.(tricky behaviour's select chief editor, each opinion of crop cultivation, originally southern, Beijing, agriculture publishing house, 1994; Jin Shanbao is edited, Wheat in China, Beijing, Chinese agriculture publishing house, 1996; Inst. of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agriculture edits, china rape cultivation, Beijing, agriculture publishing house, nineteen ninety).
For the above-mentioned technical problem existed in prior art, present inventor finds after deliberation, low temperature vernalization phenomenon is not the universal phenomenon of wheat breed, it is only present in the winter variety only occupied the minority, and most winter habit, spring varieties do not exist vernalization phenomenon (see table 1).And low temperature neither be required to winter variety, also the growing process of winter variety can be accelerated short day, under the condition not having low temperature and short day, winter variety also can be made longer vegetative period to ear and to bloom, low temperature, short day are described to winter variety all not necessarily.Because low temperature is not essential to winter variety, so " vernalization " is also not essential to winter variety.Therefore, people can plant winter habit wheat breed in south completely, thus southern area wheat yield is increased substantially, and realize winter wheat south and move.On this basis, present inventor proposes a kind of method that southern yield of wheat is increased substantially, the Vernal wheat variety be specially current southern Mai Qu generally uses changes winter habit wheat breed into, thus southern yield of wheat is improved nearly one times even more than one times.
Table 1 temperature, light length are on the impact in different ecological type kind " vernalization stage " and " photostage "
Note: in table, "+" represents acceleration growing process, "-" expression delays growing process.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that southern yield of wheat is increased substantially, utilize the method, southern yield of wheat can improve nearly one times even more than one times.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical measures, and a kind of method improving southern yield of wheat comprises:
Change the Vernal wheat variety that current southern Mai Qu generally uses into winter habit wheat breed.
The breeding method being suitable for the winter habit wheat breed of south plantation is: select northern winter habit wheat as female parent, select southern Late frost damage as male parent, hybridize, and select to be suitable for the winter habit wheat breed in the 33 degree of areas to the south's plantations of Chinese north latitude from filial generation.
In the above-mentioned methods, described northern winter habit wheat can be shifted to an earlier date sowing in 30 to 60 days in Chinese north latitude 33 degree of areass to the south, make the flower synchronization of its florescence and described southern Late frost damage, emasculation, hybridize with described southern Late frost damage, adopt pedigree method to carry out seed selection to filial generation, the wheat breed selected is suitable in the 33 degree of areas to the south's growths of Chinese north latitude, and per unit area yield improves nearly one times even more than one times than southern Late frost damage.
Female parent in the present invention can be selected from various northern winter habit wheat, and male parent can be selected from various southern Late frost damage.
In one embodiment of the invention, the winter habit new variety of wheat capital 9843 that selection Beijing promotes mainly is as female parent, select southern Vernal wheat variety Yangmai No.158 as male parent, the winter habit new variety of wheat selected from the offspring of its hybridization is suitable in the 33 degree of areas to the south's growths of Chinese north latitude, and per unit area yield is enhanced about more than once than southern Late frost damage.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the winter habit new variety of wheat Pseudomonas Jinanensis Cell Wall number conduct selecting Shandong Province to promote mainly is maternal, southern Vernal wheat variety is selected to raise wheat 18 as male parent, the winter habit new variety of wheat selected from the offspring of its hybridization is suitable in the 33 degree of areas to the south's growths of Chinese north latitude, and per unit area yield improves nearly one times than southern Late frost damage.
Embodiment
Be described in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiments, following examples are only used to illustrate, do not form any restriction to the present invention.
embodiment 1
In embodiments of the invention 1, the winter habit new variety of wheat capital 9843 that selection Beijing promotes mainly is as female parent, in Zhanjiang sowing on October 15, select southern Vernal wheat variety Yangmai No.158 as male parent, in Zhanjiang sowing on November 25, flower synchronization in March in next year both, maternal emasculation, with paternal hybrid, obtain F
1seed; Plantation F
1, drilling, maturing stage mixed receipts, obtain F
2seed; Plantation F
2, program request, nursery selection seedling crawls winter habit individual plant, the plant that the maturing stage selects spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties excellent from winter habit individual plant, singly receives single de-, obtains F
3seed; Plantation F
3, program request becomes strain nursery, and from the many strain of winter habit individuality, select seedling stage seedling to crawl winter habit individual plant, maturing stage from seedling stage is elected to individual plant the plant selecting spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties excellent, singly receives single de-, obtains F
4seed; Plantation F
4program request becomes system, strain nursery, and from the many system of winter habit individuality, select seedling stage seedling to crawl winter habit strain therefrom select seedling to crawl winter habit individual plant, maturing stage from seedling stage is elected to individual plant the plant selecting spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties excellent, single list of receiving takes off, and obtains F
5seed; Plantation F
5, program request becomes system, strain nursery, the winter habit strain that nursery selection seedling all crawls, and maturing stage from seedling stage is elected to strain the plant selecting spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties excellent, mixed receipts; Ore grade indexes, selects the plant that spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties are excellent; Strain compares, and selects the plant that spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties are excellent.Wherein, planting conditions is high-yield field field management level.Thus, No. 1, winter habit new variety of wheat is selected.Plant No. 1, above-mentioned winter habit new variety of wheat at Zhanjiang, the spike number of wheat, Ear weight and thousand kernel weight comparatively Yangmai No.158 are all improved a lot, and output is increased to 5790kg/ha by 2400kg/ha, and namely per unit area yield is enhanced about more than once, and specifically refers to the data in table 2.
embodiment 2
In embodiments of the invention 2, the winter habit new variety of wheat Pseudomonas Jinanensis Cell Wall number conduct selecting Shandong Province to promote mainly is maternal, in Zhanjiang sowing on October 25, southern Vernal wheat variety is selected to raise wheat 18 as male parent, in Zhanjiang sowing on November 25, flower synchronization in March in next year both, maternal emasculation, with paternal hybrid, obtain F
1seed; Plantation F
1, drilling, maturing stage mixed receipts, obtain F
2seed; Plantation F
2, program request, nursery selection seedling crawls winter habit individual plant, the plant that the maturing stage selects spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties excellent from winter habit individual plant, singly receives single de-, obtains F
3seed; Plantation F
3, program request becomes strain nursery, and from the many strain of winter habit individuality, select seedling stage seedling to crawl winter habit individual plant, maturing stage from seedling stage is elected to individual plant the plant selecting spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties excellent, singly receives single de-, obtains F
4seed; Plantation F
4program request becomes system, strain nursery, and from the many system of winter habit individuality, select seedling stage seedling to crawl winter habit strain therefrom select seedling to crawl winter habit individual plant, maturing stage from seedling stage is elected to individual plant the plant selecting spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties excellent, single list of receiving takes off, and obtains F
5seed; Plantation F
5, program request becomes system, strain nursery, the winter habit strain that nursery selection seedling all crawls, and maturing stage from seedling stage is elected to strain the plant selecting spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties excellent, mixed receipts; Ore grade indexes, selects the plant that spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties are excellent; Strain compares, and selects the plant that spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties are excellent.Wherein, planting conditions is high-yield field field management level.Thus, select No. 2 different, two winter habit new variety of wheat of plant height and No. 3, wherein, No. 2 average plant heights are 80cm, and No. 3 average plant heights are 85cm.No. 2, above-mentioned winter habit new variety of wheat and No. 3 are planted at Zhanjiang, the spike number of wheat, Ear weight and thousand kernel weight comparatively Yangmai No.158 are all improved a lot, output is increased to 4155kg/ha and 4587kg/ha respectively by 2400kg/ha, and namely per unit area yield improves nearly one times, specifically refers to the data in table 2.
Table 2 winter habit new variety of wheat compares with the Yield and yield components of Yangmai No.158
Above embodiment is only used for being illustrated the present invention, does not form any restriction to protection scope of the present invention.In addition; although in specification of the present invention, the present invention will be described in conjunction with specific embodiments; but; those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; various amendment or equivalents can be carried out to technical scheme of the present invention; under the prerequisite not departing from essence of the present invention, any amendment or equivalents still fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. one kind is improved the method for southern yield of wheat, it is characterized in that: change the Vernal wheat variety that southern Mai Qu generally uses into winter habit wheat breed, the breeding method of described winter habit wheat breed comprises: select northern winter habit wheat as female parent, select southern Late frost damage as male parent, hybridize, and select to be suitable for the winter habit wheat breed in the 33 degree of areas to the south's plantations of Chinese north latitude from filial generation, described northern winter habit wheat is capital 9843 or Pseudomonas Jinanensis Cell Wall number, and described southern Late frost damage is Yangmai No.158 or raises wheat 18.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described northern winter habit wheat is shifted to an earlier date sowing in 30 to 60 days in Chinese north latitude 33 degree of areass to the south, makes the flower synchronization of its florescence and described southern Late frost damage.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the per unit area yield of the wheat breed cultivated improves nearly one times even more than one times than southern Late frost damage.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: adopt pedigree method from filial generation, select described winter habit wheat breed.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: the described step selected from filial generation comprises: plant the F obtained by described hybridization
1, drilling, maturing stage mixed receipts, obtain F
2seed; Plantation F
2, program request, nursery selection seedling crawls winter habit individual plant, the plant that the maturing stage selects spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties excellent from winter habit individual plant, singly receives single de-, obtains F
3seed; Plantation F
3, program request becomes strain nursery, and from the many strain of winter habit individuality, select seedling stage seedling to crawl winter habit individual plant, maturing stage from seedling stage is elected to individual plant the plant selecting spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties excellent, singly receives single de-, obtains F
4seed; Plantation F
4program request becomes system, strain nursery, and from the many system of winter habit individuality, select seedling stage seedling to crawl winter habit strain therefrom select seedling to crawl winter habit individual plant, maturing stage from seedling stage is elected to individual plant the plant selecting spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties excellent, single list of receiving takes off, and obtains F
5seed; Plantation F
5, program request becomes system, strain nursery, the winter habit strain that nursery selection seedling all crawls, and maturing stage from seedling stage is elected to strain the plant selecting spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties excellent, mixed receipts; Ore grade indexes, selects the plant that spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties are excellent; Strain compares, and selects the plant that spike number, Ear weight and thousand grain weight properties are excellent.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the place of described plantation is Chinese north latitude 33 degree of areass to the south, and the condition of described plantation is high-yield field field management level.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210012129.5A CN103202215B (en) | 2012-01-16 | 2012-01-16 | Method for increasing southern wheat yield per unit area |
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| CN201210012129.5A CN103202215B (en) | 2012-01-16 | 2012-01-16 | Method for increasing southern wheat yield per unit area |
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| CN103202215B true CN103202215B (en) | 2015-05-13 |
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| CN104718958A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-06-24 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Wheat early-sowing thin-planting high-yield cultivation method |
| CN112493118B (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2022-09-16 | 大通回族土族自治县农业技术推广中心 | Multi-ear and multi-grain spring wheat breeding method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1194774A (en) * | 1998-02-19 | 1998-10-07 | 内江市农业科学研究所 | Method for cultivating new combined II you 58 of two linear hybridized wheat |
| CN1515149A (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2004-07-28 | 江西省宜春市农业科学研究所 | Breeding technique of hybridized rape in eastern area of Qinghai prov. by using ecological type bilinear process |
| CN1778167A (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2006-05-31 | 湛江海洋大学 | Improvement of yield for cryophilous plant in low-latitude area |
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2012
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1194774A (en) * | 1998-02-19 | 1998-10-07 | 内江市农业科学研究所 | Method for cultivating new combined II you 58 of two linear hybridized wheat |
| CN1515149A (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2004-07-28 | 江西省宜春市农业科学研究所 | Breeding technique of hybridized rape in eastern area of Qinghai prov. by using ecological type bilinear process |
| CN1778167A (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2006-05-31 | 湛江海洋大学 | Improvement of yield for cryophilous plant in low-latitude area |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 一些冬性小麦品种在华南的生育表现;陈荪等;《福建农学院学报》;19861231;第15卷(第2期);摘要 * |
| 王科等.华南小麦高产问题研究I.用半冬性品种取代春性品种.《福建稻麦科技》.2007,第25卷(第1期), * |
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