CN105594585B - A kind of mating system in four generation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary - Google Patents
A kind of mating system in four generation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary Download PDFInfo
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- CN105594585B CN105594585B CN201610058983.3A CN201610058983A CN105594585B CN 105594585 B CN105594585 B CN 105594585B CN 201610058983 A CN201610058983 A CN 201610058983A CN 105594585 B CN105594585 B CN 105594585B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of mating system in four generation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary, by using sunflower biological characteristics itself and the research of sunflower self-mating system and selection and breeding present situation, utilize IMMATURE EMBRYOS CULTURE technology, technology of nursing young plants in hothouses is combined with field experiment plantation, on the basis of the breeding plantation of sunflower crop field, in conjunction with chamber planting, explore sunflower self-mating system complete needed for a generation >=5 DEG C of effective accumulated temperature and illumination, it reasonably selects planting site and is ensured as technological core using advanced technological means and method, take embryo culture within 7 10 days after pollination, follow-on cultivation can be transferred to, so as to shorten generation cultivation period, set up the selection in four generation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary, reduce selection and breeding cost, there is realistic function and meaning for the raising technology field of sunflower self-mating system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of plant propagation, and specifically, present invention relates particularly to a kind of the numerous of sunflower self-mating system
Educate technical field.
Background technology
Sunflower (Enthusiast annuls L.) be one of five big oil crops of the world, have saline-alkali tolerant, it is drought-resistant,
The major oil crops of barren-resistant characteristic and the northern area of China are increasingly subject to people as oil plant or protein resource
Attention.There are quite a few drought and barren low-yield land and salt-soda soil in China, thus sunflower occupies weight in agricultural production
Want status.Generally carry out three systems in terms of sunflower hybrid use of advantage research in countries in the world（Sterile line, maintainer, restorer）
Research, China carry out the research of sunflower three line breeding from the 1970s.
Currently, China's Sunflower Varieties resource and selfing based material scarcity, heredity relatively for assembling three line hybrid seed
Basis is narrow, and it is not strong to assemble advantage, is mainly hybridized with existing Inbred Lines using perennial sunflower resource, local varieties, choosing
Educate high-quality, disease-resistant, wide adaptability self-mating system, and the utilization of perennial sunflower often occurs being selfed not affine, conservation difficulty etc. is asked
Topic, in breeding method, since northern sunlight-heat reaources are limited, breeding material can only plant a generation, recycle Hainan winter in winter numerous
It realizes the breeding mode in existing two generation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary, is at least needed so being bred as a new sunflower self-mating system
3 years or more time, breeding of new variety period length cause Sunflower Varieties selection and breeding process slow, therefore accelerate excellent sunflower money
The utilization in source and the selection and breeding of the excellent self-mating system of sunflower, cultivate that character is excellent, disease-resistant, the high sunflower self-mating system of coordinate force,
It has very important significance for abundant sunflower breeding genetic group.
Since the utilization of sunflower germ plasm resource and the innovation selection and breeding of self-mating system are the bases of hybrid sunflower selection and breeding, only
Cultivate that character is excellent, disease-resistant, the high self-mating system of coordinate force, could group allot excellent three line hybrid seed.Sunflower is each
Be required for from generation to generation by being seeded into harvest, this period is generally 100-120 days, at least need >=5 DEG C effective accumulated temperature >=
1900 DEG C, sunflower self-mating system four generations raising technology target has important practical significance in the realization anniversary.
Invention content
For being had no in the prior art in relation to the present situation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary four generations mating system, disclosure energy is also had no
Enough technology reports that a new sunflower self-mating system is bred as within the anniversary, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of sunflower self-mating system is all
The mating system of Nian Sidai overcomes the disadvantage of current sunflower self-mating system breed breeding period length, improve breeding method and
Means improve breeding efficiency, using a kind of mating system in four generation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary provided by the invention, Neng Goushi
A new sunflower self-mating system is bred as in the existing anniversary, hence it is evident that the selection and breeding process for shortening the sunflower self-mating system generation, for
The raising technology field of day certain herbaceous plants with big flowers self-mating system has great economic value.
The main technical schemes that the present invention uses：
By using sunflower biological characteristics itself and the research of sunflower self-mating system and selection and breeding present situation, IMMATURE EMBRYOS CULTURE is utilized
Technology, technology of nursing young plants in hothouses are combined with field experiment plantation, on the basis of the breeding plantation of sunflower crop field, in conjunction with greenhouse kind
Plant, explore sunflower self-mating system complete needed for a generation >=5 DEG C of effective accumulated temperature and illumination, reasonably select planting site
And ensured as technological core using advanced technological means and method, take embryo culture within 7-10 days after pollination, so that it may to be transferred to down
The cultivation of a generation, so as to shorten generation cultivation period, it is established that the selection in four generation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary.
The present invention provides a kind of mating system in four generation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary, and steps are as follows for specific mating system：
（1）It sows in spring and breeds the first generation：Breeding place selection criteria of sowing in spring according to from sow in 110 days >=5 DEG C
Effective accumulated temperature >=1900 DEG C；The basin alms bowl nursery of early March greenhouse, is transplanted to breeding experiment field, pours water, applies fertilizer after 30-35 days, ensure
Full stand, robust seedling；The bagging pollination of blooming of the first tenday period of a month in May manually takes embryo inoculated and cultured 10 days after pollination, that is, completes first from generation to generation.
（2）The second generation is bred in summer sowing：Summer sowing breeds place selection criteria according to asking for from embryo inoculated and cultured in 100 days
>=5 DEG C of effective accumulated temperature >=1900 DEG C；Embryo culture is manually taken by the end of May, using seedling medium as compost, is inoculated in 10 centimetres of diameter
Basin alms bowl in, be placed in a greenhouse, keep moisture sufficient under basin, top sunshade net sunshade；Cotyledon expansion in 8 days or so, 25-30 days
After be transplanted to greenhouse Tanaka, ensure that liquid manure is sufficient；Bagging of blooming by the end of July is pollinated, and September just harvests by the end of August, dries, cleans, fills
Bag completes second from generation to generation.
（3）South numerous added-generation breeds the third generation：South numerous added-generation place selection criteria according to from sow from 110 days >=5
DEG C effective accumulated temperature >=1900 DEG C；The second generation seed of harvest is being nursed young plants in hothouses at the end of September, breeding in Hainan is transplanted to after 20 days
Experimental plot pours water, applies fertilizer in time, ensures full stand, robust seedling；Bagging of blooming by the end of November is pollinated；Pollination manually takes embryonic breeding kind after 10 days
Culture completes third from generation to generation.
（4）South numerous added-generation breeds forth generation：South numerous added-generation place selection criteria is according to asking for from embryo culture in 100 days
>=5 DEG C of effective accumulated temperature >=1900 DEG C；Or so mid-December manually takes embryo culture, using seedling medium as compost, is inoculated in straight
It in the basin alms bowl of 10 centimetres of diameter, is placed under mat shelter, keeps moisture sufficient under basin, top sunshade net sunshade；Cotyledon exhibition in 6-8 days or so
It opens, is transplanted to breeding in Hainan Tanaka after 25-30 days, late January in the coming year blooms bagging pollination, mid or late Febuary harvest, drying, clear
Choosing, pack, are transported back at the beginning of 3 months, that is, complete the 4th from generation to generation.
In the prior art, it although in breeding plant technology, and then says in sunflower raising technology, for breeding one of sowing in spring
The technological means such as generation, a summer sowing breeding generation, a south numerous added-generation breeding generation may be used as the common technology node of industry or use
Technological means still at least need 3 years or more time for being bred as a new sunflower self-mating system, breeding of new variety
Period is long.And sunflower is each required for from generation to generation by being seeded into harvest, this period is generally 100-120 days, at least needs
>=5 DEG C of effective accumulated temperature >=1900 DEG C.The present invention utilizes sunflower IMMATURE EMBRYOS CULTURE technology, takes embryo culture within 7-10 days after pollination, just
It can be transferred to follow-on cultivation, while supporting technology using rataria embryo to solve the acarpous problem of distant hybridization, so as to shorten
Generation cultivation period, in the mating system in four generation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary provided, each technical step is one organic
It is whole, any technical step cannot be dismembered and be accepted or rejected, the notable of four generation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary breeding can be obtained in this way
Technique effect outstanding solves the deficiency of the mating system in existing two generation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary.It is each in the present invention simultaneously
A data are all the results obtained by a large amount of testing and verification.
In the present invention, the industry slang that is related to：Self-mating system：In manual control self-pollination, through several generations, no
It is disconnected to eliminate undesirable plant, select the preferable single plant of economical character to be selfed, to obtain economical character compared with neat and consistent, something lost
Pass that basis is more simple to be, referred to as self-mating system.IMMATURE EMBRYOS CULTURE：The immature embryo of the pervious tool embryonic knob structure of cotyledon period is divided from parent
It separates out and, be placed under sterile artificial environment, its further growth is made to develop to form seedling, by improvement, sunflower rataria can
The growth and development on Nutrition Soil forms seedling.Effective accumulated temperature refers to that plant completes the total of effective temperature needed for a growth cycle
With.Actually these industry slangs those skilled in the art are known.
It can reach following advantageous effect by implementing technical solution provided by the invention：
It is (1) of the invention on the basis of sunflower biological characteristics itself and the research of sunflower self-mating system and selection and breeding present situation,
It is combined with field experiment plantation using IMMATURE EMBRYOS CULTURE technology, technology of nursing young plants in hothouses, on the basis of the breeding plantation of sunflower crop field,
In conjunction with chamber planting, explore sunflower self-mating system complete needed for a generation >=5 DEG C of effective accumulated temperature and illumination, rationally select
It selects planting site and is ensured as technological core using advanced technological means and method, take embryo culture within 7-10 days after pollination, just
It can be transferred to follow-on cultivation, so as to shorten generation cultivation period, it is established that the selection and breeding in four generation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary
Method has initiative meaning for the raising technology field of sunflower self-mating system.
（2）Method provided by the invention has many advantages, such as that cultivation period is short, at low cost, easily operated, solves sunflower
The problems such as cultivation period of self-mating system during traditional breeding is long, expensive, method through the invention can be in the short time
A new sunflower self-mating system is inside cultivated, so that the selection and breeding process of sunflower self-mating system generation is increased substantially, and be produced into
This reduction, profit obviously increase.
Specific implementation mode
In the following, illustrating the present invention for embodiment, still, the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.
All raw and auxiliary materials, reagent and the instrument selected in the present invention, equipment are all well known in the art selection, but unlimited
The implementation of the present invention is made, other some reagents well known in the art and equipment are applied both to the reality of following implementation of the present invention
It applies.
Embodiment one：
The present invention use the sunflower self-mating system anniversary four generations mating system specific steps are as follows：
（1）It sows in spring and breeds the first generation：Breeding place selection criteria of sowing in spring according to from sow in 110 days >=5 DEG C
Effective accumulated temperature >=1900 DEG C；The basin alms bowl nursery of early March greenhouse, is transplanted to breeding experiment field, pours water, applies fertilizer after 30-35 days, ensure
Full stand, robust seedling；The bagging pollination of blooming of the first tenday period of a month in May manually takes embryo inoculated and cultured 10 days after pollination, that is, completes first from generation to generation.
（2）The second generation is bred in summer sowing：Summer sowing breeds place selection criteria according to asking for from embryo inoculated and cultured in 100 days
>=5 DEG C of effective accumulated temperature >=1900 DEG C；Embryo culture is manually taken by the end of May, using seedling medium as compost, is inoculated in 10 centimetres of diameter
Basin alms bowl in, be placed in a greenhouse, keep moisture sufficient under basin, top sunshade net sunshade；Cotyledon expansion in 8 days or so, 25-30 days
After be transplanted to greenhouse Tanaka, ensure that liquid manure is sufficient；Bagging of blooming by the end of July is pollinated, and September just harvests by the end of August, dries, cleans, fills
Bag completes second from generation to generation.
（3）South numerous added-generation breeds the third generation：South numerous added-generation place selection criteria according to from sow from 110 days >=5
DEG C effective accumulated temperature >=1900 DEG C；The second generation seed of harvest is being nursed young plants in hothouses at the end of September, breeding in Hainan is transplanted to after 20 days
Experimental plot pours water, applies fertilizer in time, ensures full stand, robust seedling；Bagging of blooming by the end of November is pollinated；Pollination manually takes embryonic breeding kind after 10 days
Culture completes third from generation to generation.
（4）South numerous added-generation breeds forth generation：South numerous added-generation place selection criteria is according to asking for from embryo culture in 100 days
>=5 DEG C of effective accumulated temperature >=1900 DEG C；Or so mid-December manually takes embryo culture, using seedling medium as compost, is inoculated in straight
It in the basin alms bowl of 10 centimetres of diameter, is placed under mat shelter, keeps moisture sufficient under basin, top sunshade net sunshade；Cotyledon exhibition in 6-8 days or so
It opens, is transplanted to breeding in Hainan Tanaka after 25-30 days, late January in the coming year blooms bagging pollination, mid or late Febuary harvest, drying, clear
Choosing, pack, are transported back at the beginning of 3 months, that is, complete the 4th from generation to generation.
In the prior art, it although in breeding plant technology, and then says in sunflower raising technology, for breeding one of sowing in spring
The technological means such as generation, a summer sowing breeding generation, a south numerous added-generation breeding generation may be used as the common technology node of industry or use
Technological means still at least need 3 years or more time for being bred as a new sunflower self-mating system, breeding of new variety
Period is long.And sunflower is each required for from generation to generation by being seeded into harvest, this period is generally 100-120 days, at least needs
>=5 DEG C of effective accumulated temperature >=1900 DEG C.The present invention utilizes sunflower IMMATURE EMBRYOS CULTURE technology, takes embryo culture within 7-10 days after pollination, just
It can be transferred to follow-on cultivation, while supporting technology using rataria embryo to solve the acarpous problem of distant hybridization, so as to shorten
Generation cultivation period, in the mating system in four generation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary provided, each technical step is one organic
It is whole, any technical step cannot be dismembered and be accepted or rejected, the notable of four generation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary breeding can be obtained in this way
Technique effect outstanding solves the deficiency of the mating system in existing two generation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary.It is each in the present invention simultaneously
A data are all the results obtained by a large amount of testing and verification.
Embodiment two：
A kind of mating system in four generation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary sows in spring in Shihezi City In Xinjiang and breeds a generation, sowing in spring
On the basis of, breed the second generation using IMMATURE EMBRYOS CULTURE technology summer sowing；Sanya, Hainan adds generation to utilize winter numerous combination IMMATURE EMBRYOS CULTURE, carries out two
For the breeding of sunflower self-mating system, the target of four generation of anniversary breeding is obtained, the mating system of use is as follows：
（1）Shihezi City In Xinjiang, which sows in spring to nurse young plants in hothouses, transplants the breeding first generation：Greenhouse basin alms bowl nursery on March 15,30-35 days
After be transplanted to breeding experiment field, pour water, apply fertilizer, ensure full stand, robust seedling, bagging of blooming on May 15 or so pollination, 10 after pollination
It, manually takes embryo inoculated and cultured, that is, completes the first generation and add generation.
（2）Summer sowing IMMATURE EMBRYOS CULTURE seedling replanting in Shihezi City In Xinjiang breeds the second generation：Embryo culture is manually taken by the end of May, to educate
Seedling matrix is compost, is inoculated in the basin alms bowl of 10 centimetres of diameter, is placed in a greenhouse, and keeps moisture sufficient under basin, top hides
Screened postive sunshade, cotyledon expansion in 8 days or so, is transplanted to greenhouse Tanaka after 25-30 days, ensure that liquid manure is sufficient.Bagging of blooming by the end of July is awarded
Powder harvests at the beginning of September, dries, cleans, packs by the end of August, that is, completes the second generation and add generation.
（3）Sanya, Hainan culturing and transplanting seedlings breed the third generation：The second generation seed of harvest is taken to Sanya, Hainan at the end of September to exist
It nurses young plants in hothouses, breeding in Hainan experimental plot is transplanted to after 20 days, pour water, apply fertilizer in time, ensure full stand, robust seedling, open 25-30 days November
Flower bagging pollination.Pollination manually takes embryo inoculated and cultured after 10 days, that is, completes the third generation and add generation.
（4）Sanya, Hainan rataria embryo supports transplanting seedling and breeds forth generation：Or so mid-December manually takes embryo culture, with nursery
Matrix is compost, is inoculated in the basin alms bowl of 10 centimetres of diameter, is placed under mat shelter, keeps moisture sufficient under basin, top sunshade
Net sunshade.The expansion of 6-8 days or so cotyledons, is transplanted to breeding in Hainan Tanaka after 25-30 days, late January in coming year bagging of blooming is pollinated,
Mid or late Febuary harvests, and dries, cleans, packs, is transported back at the beginning of 3 months, that is, completes forth generation and add generation.
Embodiment three：
Using the serial breeding trial in four generation of the various embodiments described above series sunflower self-mating system anniversary of the present invention, pass through 2013
March in year selects stable sunflower restorer Y2592R, Y2613R, restorer is point in September, 2014 continuously plus for 6 generations
Branch type, 80-90 centimetres of plant height, pollen amount is big, and seed long avette, 100-grain weight 3g or so, appearance commodity is good, disease-resistant, breeding time
95 days or so, configured cenospecies XKY1501, XKY1502, it follows that this method has been obviously shortened sunflower self-mating system
Selection and breeding process, reduces selection and breeding cost, and comprehensive advantage protrudes.
Example IV：
Using the serial breeding trial in four generation of the various embodiments described above series sunflower self-mating system anniversary of the present invention, by
In March, 2013 in September, 2014 continuously adds 6 generations of generation, selection and breeding sunflower sterile line 28022A and its maintainer 28022B, should be from
Friendship is only bar, and 80 centimetres or so of plant height, 2 grades of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers disk gradient, seed is oval, 100-grain weight 5g or so.It is disease-resistant, 90 days breeding times left side
It is right.
As described above, you can preferably realize that the present invention, the above embodiments are only the preferred implementation side to the present invention
Formula is described, and is not defined to the scope of the present invention, and under the premise of not departing from design spirit of the present invention, this field is general
The various modifications and improvement that logical technical staff makes technical scheme of the present invention, should all fall into present invention determine that protection domain
It is interior.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of mating system in four generation of sunflower self-mating system anniversary, which is characterized in that steps are as follows for specific mating system：
(1) it sows in spring and breeds the first generation：Breeding place selection criteria of sowing in spring according to from sow in 110 days >=5 DEG C effective
Accumulated temperature >=1900 DEG C；The basin alms bowl nursery of early March greenhouse, is transplanted to breeding experiment field, pours water, applies fertilizer after 30-35 days, ensure seedling
Together, robust seedling；The bagging pollination of blooming of the first tenday period of a month in May manually takes embryo inoculated and cultured 10 days after pollination, that is, completes first from generation to generation；
(2) second generation is bred in summer sowing：Summer sowing breeds place selection criteria according to asking for from embryo inoculated and cultured in 100 days >=5
DEG C effective accumulated temperature >=1900 DEG C；Embryo culture is manually taken by the end of May, using seedling medium as compost, is inoculated in 10 centimetres of diameter
It in basin alms bowl, is placed in a greenhouse, keeps moisture sufficient under basin, top sunshade net sunshade；Cotyledon expansion in 8 days, is transplanted after 25-30 days
To greenhouse Tanaka, ensure that liquid manure is sufficient；Bagging of blooming by the end of July is pollinated, and September just harvests by the end of August, dries, cleans, packs, i.e., complete
From generation to generation at second；
(3) south numerous added-generation breeds the third generation：South numerous added-generation place selection criteria according to from sow in 110 days >=5 DEG C
Effective accumulated temperature >=1900 DEG C；The second generation seed of harvest is being nursed young plants in hothouses at the end of September, breeding in Hainan experiment is transplanted to after 20 days
Field pours water, applies fertilizer in time, ensures full stand, robust seedling；Bagging of blooming by the end of November is pollinated；Pollination manually takes embryo inoculated and cultured after 10 days,
Complete third from generation to generation；
(4) south numerous added-generation breeds forth generation：South numerous added-generation place selection criteria is according to asking for from embryo culture in 100 days >=5
DEG C effective accumulated temperature >=1900 DEG C；Mid-December manually takes embryo culture, using seedling medium as compost, is inoculated in 10 centimetres of diameter
Basin alms bowl in, be placed under mat shelter, keep moisture sufficient under basin, top sunshade net sunshade；Cotyledon expansion in 6-8 days, after 25-30 days
It is transplanted to breeding in Hainan Tanaka, late January in the coming year blooms bagging pollination, and mid or late Febuary harvest was dried, cleans, packed, at the beginning of 3 months
It transports back, that is, completes the 4th from generation to generation.
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| CN107926515A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-20 | 新疆农垦科学院 | A kind of sunflower south numerous added-generation cultural method |
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| CN104641908A (en) * | 2015-02-17 | 2015-05-27 | 段维 | Method for breading three generations of Helianthus annuus inbred line each year |
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| CN104641908A (en) * | 2015-02-17 | 2015-05-27 | 段维 | Method for breading three generations of Helianthus annuus inbred line each year |
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| 向日葵幼胚培养关键技术的研究;崔良基;《辽宁农业科学》;19961031(第5期);第11-13页 * |
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