CN103202157B - Forcing culture method of German iris 'black knight' - Google Patents
Forcing culture method of German iris 'black knight' Download PDFInfo
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- CN103202157B CN103202157B CN201310092659.XA CN201310092659A CN103202157B CN 103202157 B CN103202157 B CN 103202157B CN 201310092659 A CN201310092659 A CN 201310092659A CN 103202157 B CN103202157 B CN 103202157B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forcing culture method of German iris 'black knight'. The method includes following steps: 1), choosing iris potted flowers more than one year old, healthy in growth and uniform in growing trend, fertilizing after flowering in early May is finished and flower bud differentiation at the end of September is basically completed, wherein the fertilizing proportion meets a formula N:P:K=20:20:20; 2), placing the potted flowers in a greenhouse about 90 days before the expected flowering period from the beginning of October when flower buds distinguishable by naked eyes are formed to the beginning of December, and controlling culture conditions for flower forcing. By the method, florescence of the German iris 'black knight' can be effectively brought forward, and by fertilizing and controlling time for greenhouse flower forcing and greenhouse culture conditions, the florescence can be effectively brought forward to expected New Year's Day and Spring Festival, and a basis is provided for development of lunar-new-year German iris 'black knight'.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the forcing culture method of a kind of ornamental plants, particularly relate to the forcing culture method of an Iris germanica kind ' black knight ', belong to flowers forcing culture technical field.
Background technology
Iris is the general name of Iridaceae iris, Iris germanica (
iris germanical.) be iridaceous one hybridization population, mainly yellowish-brown iris (
iris variegata) and pale flag (
iris pallida) crossbreed, since 19th century, by continue selection cross, abundant (Guo Jinyan etc., " Advances of Horticultural Study of Rhizomatous Irises ", " gardening journal " is greatly obtained at present in pattern, scape height and growth characteristics, 2006,33(5): 1149-1156).' black knight ' (
iris germanica' Black Knight ') be the gardening new varieties of the heat-resisting drought resisting of middle raw type under Iris germanica kind, be that China introduces from external in recent years, there is introducing and planting on the ground such as present Beijing, Wuhan.' black knight ' leaf sword shape, high 35-50 centimetre, uprightly, light green color, fluffy footpath 45-50 centimetre.Every strain 3-6 props up scape, scape height 40-70 centimetre, and from blade base pumping, Hua Jing 10-12 centimetre, petal bluish violet, core white, beard orange colour, a scape raw 3-5 flower.' black knight ' iris happiness light, avoids long-pending flood, is good with loose fertile, well-drained neutrality or alkalescence sandy loam.Be almost evergreen in Wuhan Area outdoor cropping, the slightly withered and yellow phenomenon of blade tip in winter, indoor pot then the four seasons evergreen, the florescence, easily, damage by disease and insect was few in breeding and culturing management at late March to late April.' black knight ' plant type is good, and leaf amount is large, and flower appearance is graceful, and pattern is unique, and floral leaf is enjoyed together, open country and potted plant suitable, is the ornamental plants having market prospects.
Due to the sustainable development of Chinese national economy, people are larger to the demand of flowers, require also higher.Introducing the good new varieties of sight from external, and carry out acclimation and screening, is enrich existing flowers kind, promote that local flowers carry the important channel of shelves upgrading.Iris is the wonderful work in Perennial Flowers, and Wuhan City woods fruit institute started to introduce iris new varieties from 2005, and carried out biological habit and heat-resisting study on drought resistance (Guo Caixia,
et al.comparison of Heat Tolerance of Ten Iris Cultivars, International Conference on Green Energy and Environmental Sustainable Development, 2011), 10 iris kinds (Guo Caixia etc. such as ornamental good, adaptable ' black knights ' are filtered out, " several iris is in the introduction and cultivation of Wuhan Area ", " Agriculture of Anhui science ", 2012,39(2): 731-733).
' black knight ' at natural florescence of Wuhan Area in the 3-4 month, miss China's flowers consumption busy season-New Year's Day, the Spring Festival.Therefore, carry out ' black knight ' forcing culture technical research, annual flower, the festival celebration flower prod of exploitation high added value, can expand the market of this kind further, is conducive to its promotion and application in China.
At present, the research of domestic scholars to flag flower period regulation is few.Lin Bing (" cold storage of seedball process and planting type are to the effect of dutch iris flowering regulation ", " subtropical plant science ", 2005,34(2): 51-52) disclose a kind of dutch iris (
iris hollandicahort) forcing culture method, is about to kind of ball and adopts low temperature 8-10 DEG C refrigeration 25-55 days breaking dormancies, and different planting plantation, and strengthens cultivation management, and dutch iris can be made to bloom in April in December to next year.Huang Minling (" effect that low temperature and plant growth regulator are bloomed to dutch iris ", " Zhongnan Forestry Inst.'s journal ", 2003,23(5): 34-37) disclose after one utilizes ethrel to contact dormancy and use low temperature and gibberellin process again, make dutch iris shift to an earlier date the method for blooming for 112 days.Although dutch iris and Iris germanica for belonging to together, have certain affiliation on taxonomy, dutch iris is flowering bulb, and Iris germanica is Perennial Flowers, all different in the two mechanism at florescence control and method.Therefore, be the florescence of accuracy controlling Iris germanica ' black knight ', be necessary to carry out forcing culture technical research to Iris germanica ' black knight '.At present, the domestic forcing culture technology to Iris germanica has no report.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, inventor nourishes and grows and the feature of flower bud differentiation according to Iris germanica ' black knight ', creatively by fertilising and forcing culture key technology, a kind of both expectabilities Blooming being applicable to Iris germanica ' black knight ' is provided, the forcing culture method of Flowering quality can be ensured again.
In order to realize object of the present invention, inventor is studied by lot of experiments, finally obtains following technical scheme:
A kind of forcing culture method of Iris germanica ' black knight ', comprises the steps:
1) select annual more than, healthy growth and consistent ' black knight ' iris potted flower of growing way, the first tenday period of a month in May bloom terminate and flower bud differentiation by the end of September substantially complete after fertilising, Application Ratio is N:P:K=20:20:20;
2) from formed at the beginning of 10 months the distinguishable bud of naked eyes (namely strip off annual more than the outer blade of bud, the structures such as the visible petal of naked eyes, stamen) rise, at the beginning of 12 months, push ahead in expection and potted flower was put into greenhouse in about 90 days flowering stage, control condition of culture and carry out flower forcing.
The forcing culture method of above-mentioned Iris germanica ' black knight ', wherein in step 1), the fertilizing amount of every kilogram of basin soil is 0.6g, and flowerpot bore is 30cm*30cm, and every basin is about 10kg containing sandy loam.
The forcing culture method of above-mentioned Iris germanica ' black knight ', wherein during step 1) fertilising, first by the soil on flowerpot surface plane pine, is evenly embedded in fertilizer from root system remotely, then waters a water.
The forcing culture method of above-mentioned Iris germanica ' black knight ', wherein step 2) in, October 1, potted flower is put into greenhouse.
The forcing culture method of above-mentioned Iris germanica ' black knight ', wherein step 2) in, first 90 days of the Spring Festival, potted flower is put into greenhouse.
The forcing culture method of above-mentioned Iris germanica ' black knight ', wherein step 2) in, put into greenhouse and start to urge the time spent to be at the beginning of (after forming the distinguishable bud of naked eyes) at the beginning of 10 months was to 12 months.
The forcing culture method of above-mentioned Iris germanica ' black knight ', wherein step 2) in, during flower forcing, greenhouse keeps temperature 14-16 DEG C at night, day temperature 24-26 DEG C, and humidity is 85%-90%, more than illumination 14h, and intensity of illumination is 5000Lx, sooner or later ventilates respectively once.
The forcing culture method tool of the Iris germanica ' black knight ' that the present invention relates to has the following advantages and progress significantly:
1) forcing culture method of Iris germanica of the present invention ' black knight ' effectively can shift to an earlier date the florescence of Iris germanica ' black knight ', time spent and hot-house culture condition is urged by fertilising, control greenhouse, the New Year's Day that can effectively advance flowering period be extremely expected and the Spring Festival, for exploitation Iris germanica ' black knight ' annual flower is laid a good foundation.
2) forcing culture method of Iris germanica of the present invention ' black knight ', two different times grown ' black knight ' apply fertilizer respectively, ensure that Potted orchard is nourished and grown, the nutritional need of flower bud differentiation and duration of flowering, make plant strain growth healthy and strong, facilitate flower bud differentiation and scape pumping, ensure that the flowering quality of potted flower.
3) as can be seen from embodiments of the invention 1, the forcing culture method of Iris germanica of the present invention ' black knight ', flower forcing rate can reach 100%, and keeps scape upright, and pattern is pure, and petal is full, and petal launches normal.
4) forcing culture method of Iris germanica of the present invention ' black knight ', when going on the market to New Year's Day or the Spring Festival, every basin has 1-2 to prop up the opening of scape poppyhead, all the other 3-4 prop up scape poppyhead, and Lu Se or scape are extracted out, and according to Isosorbide-5-Nitrae from top to bottom from blade, 2, the order opening successively of 3,5, sight is good.
5) forcing culture method of Iris germanica of the present invention ' black knight ', be advanced to when going on the market in New Year's Day or the Spring Festival, because environmental temperature is than low during flowering naturally, thus single open hour of flower and the viewing period of whole strain extend all to some extent, the viewing period of whole strain can reach 20 days, improves the sight of ' black knight '.
6) forcing culture method of Iris germanica of the present invention ' black knight ',, after fertilising, potted flower is put into greenhouse, by heating, the method Accelerate bloom such as light filling, controlled humidity, without artificial treatment such as medicament spray, achieve safety in production, improve economic benefit.
7) forcing culture method of Iris germanica of the present invention ' black knight ', only has twice measures of fertilizer, only need ensure temperature, illumination, humidity and ventilation after putting into greenhouse flower forcing, easy and simple to handle, is conducive to realizing industrial massive and produces.
Embodiment
Be below the specific embodiment that the present invention relates to, technical scheme of the present invention is done to describing further, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited to these embodiments.Every do not deviate from the present invention's design change or equivalent substituting include within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1 is applied fertilizer on the impact of potted flower ornamental quality
Select annual more than, healthy growth and consistent ' black knight ' potted flower 90 basin of growing way, every basin is containing bud about 10, plant height 40cm, fluffy footpath 50cm, flowerpot diameter and be highly 30cm, containing native about 10kg, potted flower is put into greenhouse flower forcing by October 1, and greenhouse keeps temperature 14-16 DEG C at night, day warm 24-26 DEG C, humidity is 85%-90%, more than illumination 14h, and intensity of illumination is 5000Lx, sooner or later ventilate respectively once, then erase in time if any sprouting eruption during greenhouse flower forcing.
If experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and blank group, often organize 30 basins.Experimental group 1 is fertilising twice every year, and first time carries out after spending at the beginning of 5 months, extracts residual flower before fertilising, the fertilizing amount of every kilogram of basin soil is 0.6g, wherein N:P:K=20:20:20, first by the soil on potted flower surface plane pine before fertilising, fertilizer is evenly embedded in apart from root remotely, and waters; Second time fertilising is carried out when flower bud differentiation completes substantially by the end of September, and the fertilizing amount of every kilogram of basin soil is 0.6g, wherein N:P:K=20:20:20, and fertilizing method is the same.Experimental group 2 is only applied fertilizer after spending at the beginning of 5 months, and fertilizing amount and method are with experimental group 1.Blank group is not applied fertilizer.
Result of the test: during to New Year's Day, experimental group 1 flower forcing rate reaches 100%, and keeps blade in great numbers abundant, and leaf look bud green, and scape is upright, and pattern is pure, and petal is full, Hua great, and petal launches normal; Experimental group 2 flower forcing rate is 90%, and the number of sheets is many, and blade is thin, and petal is little, and the complete or petal of minority bud structure can not normally launch, and spend little, pattern is partially shallow; Blank group flower forcing rate is 70%, and blade is tall and thin, thin and sagging, and leaf look light green, base portion near-white, and petal is little, and the 2nd, 3,4 of part scape, 5 petals can not open, and spend little, light.In table 1.
Table 1 applies fertilizer on leaf, bud, the impact of blooming
| Group | Leaf state | Bud state | Bloom |
| Experimental group 1 | Blade is in great numbers abundant, green in color | Petal is full, and flower bud differentiation is complete | Pattern is pure, Hua great, and petal launches normal |
| Experimental group 2 | The number of sheets is many, and blade is thin | Petal is little, and minority bud structure is incomplete | Spend little, pattern is partially shallow, and minority petal can not normally launch |
| Blank group | Leaf is tall and thin, thin and sagging, and leaf look light green | Petal is little, and part bud structure is incomplete | Spend little, light, part petal can not open |
Embodiment 2 greenhouse flower forcing is on the impact (blooming for New Year's Day) of Iris germanica ' black knight ' Blooming
Select annual more than, healthy growth and consistent ' black knight ' potted flower 90 basin of growing way, every basin is containing bud about 10, plant height 40cm, fluffy footpath 50cm, flowerpot diameter and be highly 30cm, containing native about 10kg, all apply fertilizer according to the method for experimental group 1 in embodiment 1, then erase in time if any sprouting eruption during greenhouse flower forcing.
If experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and blank group, often organize 30 basins, experimental group 1 put into greenhouse October 1, by heating, the measure such as light filling, humidification keeps temperature 14-16 DEG C at night, day temperature 24-26 DEG C, and humidity is 85%-90%, more than illumination 14h, intensity of illumination is 5000Lx, and in sooner or later ventilating respectively once.Experimental group 2 is placed in Simple temperature canopy, the measures such as nothing heats, light filling, and Routine Management.Experimental group 3 is placed on outdoor ground cloth, Routine Management.
Result of the test: namely experimental group 1 has indivedual scape extract out and open from late November, to 100% blooming during New Year's Day, every basin 3-6 props up scape, has 1-2 to prop up the opening of scape poppyhead, and all the other 3-4 prop up scape poppyhead, and Lu Se or scape are extracted out from blade; Experimental group 2 bud grows to some extent than during October 1, and indivedual scape is extracted out from blade; The bud of blank group 3 slightly grows than during October 1, but scape is not extracted out from blade.Therefore, adopt experimental group 1, ' black knight ' can be made open during New Year's Day.
The effect of table 2 greenhouse regulation and control to Iris germanica ' black knight ' Blooming
| Group | Bloom |
| Experimental group 1 | All bloom during New Year's Day, it is open that 1-2 props up scape poppyhead, all the other 2-4 prop up scape poppyhead Lu Se or scape extract out from blade, be in best-looking states |
| Experimental group 2 | During New Year's Day, bud grows to some extent, and indivedual scape is extracted out from blade, still needs 20-30 days to blooming |
| Blank group | During New Year's Day, bud slightly grows, and scape is not extracted out from blade, still needs 80-90 days to blooming |
The embodiment 3 greenhouse flower forcing time is to the effect (blooming for New Year's Day) of Iris germanica ' black knight ' Blooming
Select annual more than, healthy growth and consistent ' black knight ' potted flower 120 basin of growing way, every strain is about containing bud about 10, plant height 40cm, fluffy footpath 50cm, flowerpot diameter and be highly 30cm, containing native about 10kg, all apply fertilizer according to the method for experimental group 1 in embodiment 1, then erase in time if any sprouting eruption during greenhouse flower forcing.
If experimental group 1, experimental group 2, experimental group 3, experimental group 4, experimental group 5 and blank group, often organize 20 basins, greenhouse is put into respectively on September 10th, 2011, September 20, October 1, October 10, October 20, flower forcing condition in greenhouse is with embodiment 1, blank group is then placed on ground cloth, Routine Management.
Result of the test: during to New Year's Day, it is withered that experimental group 1 has 1-2 to prop up scape, and all the other scape poppyheads are withered, and part petal does not reveal look and namely withers; The flower that experimental group 2 has 1-2 to prop up on scape withers, and all the other 2-4 prop up scape poppyhead and withered or opening, and namely a small amount of petal is not open withers, and the part flower bud differentiation of visible experimental group 1,2 is incomplete, and crosses best-looking states; It is open that experimental group 3 has 1-2 to prop up scape poppyhead, and all the other 2-4 prop up scape poppyhead, and a bud just ready to burst or scape is extracted out from blade, is just applicable to listing; Experimental group 4 has 1-2 to prop up scape highly for about 15cm, 2-4 prop up scape and just extracted out from blade; Experimental group 5 has 1-2 to prop up scape just to extract out from blade, and experimental group 4,5 distance is bloomed and still needed 20-30 days, and blank group scape is not extracted out from blade, still needs 80-90 days to blooming.
The table 3 greenhouse flower forcing time is to the effect of Iris germanica ' black knight ' Blooming
| Group | Bloom |
| Experimental group 1 | It is withered that 1-2 props up scape, and all the other major part flowers wither, and part flower bud differentiation is incomplete |
| Experimental group 2 | The flower that 1-2 props up on scape withers, and all the other 2-4 prop up scape poppyhead and withered or opening, and a small amount of petal can not open |
| Experimental group 3 | It is open that 1-2 props up scape poppyhead, and all the other 2-4 prop up scape poppyhead, and a bud just ready to burst or extracted out from blade, is just applicable to listing |
| Experimental group 4 | 1-2 props up scape and highly just extracts out from blade for about 15cm, 2-4 prop up scape |
| Experimental group 5 | Have 1-2 to prop up scape just to extract out from blade |
| Blank group | Scape is not extracted out from blade |
Forcing culture test (for the Spring Festival in 2012) of blooming embodiment 4 Iris germanica ' black knight ' Spring Festival
Select annual more than, healthy growth and consistent ' black knight ' potted flower 60 basin of growing way, be divided into experimental group and blank group, often organize 30 basins.Every basin is containing bud about 10, and plant height 40cm, fluffy footpath 50cm, flowerpot diameter and be highly 30cm, containing native about 10kg, all applies fertilizer according to the method for experimental group 1 in embodiment 1.
The Gregorian calendar date in the annual Spring Festival is all different.The Spring Festival in 2012 is January 23, thus 90 days in advance, on October 25th, 2011, experimental group is put into greenhouse, and flower forcing condition in greenhouse is with embodiment 1, and blank group is then placed on ground cloth, and Routine Management, then erases in time if any sprouting eruption during this period.During to the Spring Festival, it is open that experimental group potted flower has 1-2 to prop up scape poppyhead, and all the other 2-4 prop up scape poppyhead, and a bud just ready to burst or scape is extracted out from blade, is just applicable to listing; Blank group then began to spend March 18, and on April about 3 entered best-looking states.
Claims (6)
1. a forcing culture method for Iris germanica ' black knight ', comprises the steps:
1) select annual above, healthy growth and the consistent iris potted flower of growing way, the first tenday period of a month in May bloom terminate and flower bud differentiation by the end of September substantially complete after fertilising, Application Ratio is N:P:K=20:20:20;
2) to after forming the distinguishable bud of naked eyes at the beginning of 10 months, to push ahead flowering stage in expection and potted flower was put into greenhouse in about 90 days, control condition of culture and carry out flower forcing; During flower forcing, greenhouse keeps temperature 14-16 DEG C at night, day temperature 24-26 DEG C, and humidity is 85%-90%, more than illumination 14h, and intensity of illumination is 5000Lx, sooner or later ventilates respectively once.
2. the forcing culture method of Iris germanica ' black knight ' according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 1), the fertilizing amount of every kilogram of basin soil is 0.6g, flowerpot bore is 30cm × 30cm, and every basin is containing soil about 10kg.
3. the forcing culture method of Iris germanica ' black knight ' according to claim 1, is characterized in that: during step 1) fertilising, first by the soil on flowerpot surface plane pine, is evenly embedded in from root system remotely by fertilizer, then waters a water.
4. the forcing culture method of Iris germanica ' black knight ' according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2) in, October 1, potted flower is put into greenhouse.
5. the forcing culture method of Iris germanica ' black knight ' according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2) in, first 90 days of the Spring Festival, potted flower is put into greenhouse.
6. the forcing culture method of Iris germanica ' black knight ' according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2) in, put into greenhouse and start to urge the time spent to be in first arrival in October at the beginning of 12 months.
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| CN104025923B (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2015-09-30 | 浙江省萧山棉麻研究所 | A kind of Louisiana's iris Target Flowering urgees the method controlling cultivation |
| CN104094766A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-10-15 | 黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所 | Yellow flag optimal cultivation method |
| CN104255319B (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2016-11-23 | 杭州市园林绿化股份有限公司 | A kind of chlorocholine chloride promotes the method for Iris germanica sprouting of lateral bud |
| CN104255229B (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2016-02-17 | 浙江大学 | A kind of plant growth retardent promotes the method for Iris germanica sprouting of lateral bud |
| CN116965325B (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2024-05-03 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for obtaining hybrid seeds and seed germination of iris Netherlands |
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