CN103172447A - Special controlled-release fertilizer for biological control of soil-borne diseases of watermelons, and preparation method and application of fertilizer - Google Patents
Special controlled-release fertilizer for biological control of soil-borne diseases of watermelons, and preparation method and application of fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a special controlled-release fertilizer for biological control of soil-borne diseases of watermelons, and a preparation method and application of the fertilizer. The special controlled-release fertilizer comprises biological-control pesticidal fertilizer, sulfurated high-molecular polymer coated urea, humic-acid coated urea, humic-acid coated potassium sulfate and diammonium phosphate in proportion, wherein the biological-control pesticidal fertilizer is formed by compounding and granulating a solid culture, urea and diatomite, and the solid culture is prepared from actinomycetes and pochonia chlamydosporia through solid cultivation in the prior art. The invention also provides the preparation method and the application of the special controlled-release fertilizer for the watermelons. According to the nutrient need rule of the watermelons, the biological-control pesticidal fertilizer is matched with controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, phosphatic fertilizer and potassic fertilizer, and the special controlled-release fertilizer not only provides a biological disease preventing function to the watermelons, but also enables nutrient release to meet a watermelon absorbing requirement. Field experiments prove that the special fertilizer has a good effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of watermelon control released fertilizer special and preparation method thereof and application of biological control soil-borne disease, belong to release and release control fertilizer production and applied technical field.
Background technology
China is the major country of production of watermelon, and its cultivated area accounts for more than 50% of the world, and output is more than 70 of world wide production, all ranks first in the world.Along with the expansion of China's growth of watermelon scale, the generation of disease is also day by day serious, has affected the further sound development of growth of watermelon industry.
So-called soil-borne disease refers to carry out as medium the general name that Plant diseases is propagated with soil, and its germ can survive several years in soil.The soil-borne disease of watermelon mainly contains damping-off, samping off, root rot, root knot nematode disease, epidemic disease etc.The soil-borne disease majority of watermelon infects at watermelon seedling stage, and watermelon mainly adopts the transplanting method plantation, can injure unavoidably root system in the transplanting process, has created more chance to courses of infection.Medication again when present common disease-preventing method is morbidity, but late, and not only fail to contain the trend that disease rises take chemical prevention as main measure, but also suppressed the beneficial microorganism in soil, cause pathogenic bacteria to develop immunity to drugs, cause simultaneously objectionable impurities residual, contaminate environment.The biological control soil-borne disease is safe, effective and has the method for bright prospects.
CN102241540A(201010168626.5) a kind of production method of fertilizer special for watermelon is disclosed.This fertilizer is that the nutrient uptake feature according to watermelon aims at cultivating watermelon and develops.It is rich in the various trace elements such as the necessary nitrogen of watermelon growing, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, humic acid and calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, boron, copper.Wherein nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are: nitrogen 13～15, phosphorus 9～11, potassium 9～11.Can make after being manured into soil the watermelon prematurity, early sit melon, early maturation, drought-relief, waterlogging-preventing, improve quality, can make increasing yield of water melons 15%～20% after using, improve soluble sugar 1～3 and spend.CN1721370(02114372.2) relate to a kind of fertilizer special for watermelon.It is characterized in that: fertilizer special for watermelon total nutrient 30～35%, formula rate are N: P2O5: K2O=(12～13): (6～8): (12～14), and add specialist additive.Adopt the prepared fertilizer special for watermelon of this invention, can make the watermelon growing way good, fruit-setting rate is high, single melon weightening finish, and curcumbitate is attractive in appearance, and output improves 15～20% left and right, improves quality of watermelon.
CN101186546(200710115545.7) relate to a kind of watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof.Component is composite makes with 4% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping saltpetre, 5% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping saltpetre, 4% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea, 5% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, diammonium phosphate etc.This watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer is once to apply as base manure prior to seeding, needn't topdress, and effect of increasing production is better, improves utilization rate of fertilizer, saving of labor, laborsaving.
Nutrient supply when above-mentioned fertilizer special for watermelon has mainly been considered watermelon growing does not possess disease-proof functions.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof and application of biological control soil-borne disease.
Summary of the invention
The present invention utilizes existing microorganism culturing technology, biocontrol microorganisms actinomycetes and the thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium that will have disease-proof functions carry out coordinating with urea, diatomite after solid culture again, be prepared into granular biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine through granulation process fertile, then according to the nutrient demand rule of watermelon, biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer is coordinated with Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, produce the watermelon control released fertilizer special.This fertilizer not only provides the biological disease-preventing function for watermelon, nutrient is discharged meet watermelon absorption requirement.Through overtesting, obtained good effect.
The term explanation:
Biocontrol microorganisms: be that a class can be brought out it and produced resistance or secretion antibacterial substance in host plant, affect the breeding, growth of pathogenic bacteria until death; Or by parasitization, antibiosis, Competition, predation etc., reduce the infection rate of pathogenic bacteria.Actinomycetes in the present invention and thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium all belong to biocontrol microorganisms.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease, raw materials quality part is:
80～150 parts of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer,
Sulphur adds 80～150 parts of high molecular polymer coated carbamides,
150～250 parts of humic acid coated carbamides,
280～380 parts of humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar,
200～300 parts of diammonium phosphate.
Described biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer is to be made by solid culture and urea, the composite granulation of diatomite of prior art through the solid culture preparation respectively by actinomycetes and thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium; Wherein,
40～60 parts of actinomycetes solid cultures contain actinomycetes conidium 3 ╳ 10
10Individual/g～5 ╳ 10
10Individual/g;
40～60 parts of thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid cultures contain thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 1 ╳ 10
11Individual/g～3 ╳ 10
11Individual/g;
5～15 parts, urea, 20～40 parts, diatomite.
Wherein, preferred, described urea is powdery, 2～4 millimeters of the fertile grain diameters of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine.
Prepare respectively the solid culture of biocontrol actinomycetes and the thick wall spore of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion Pu Keniya bacterium by existing solid culture technology, the actinomycetes solid culture contains actinomycetes conidium 3 ╳ 10
10Individual/g～5 ╳ 10
10Individual/g, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid culture contains thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 1 ╳ 10
11Individual/g～3 ╳ 10
11Individual/g; Respectively described actinomycetes solid culture is dried levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves under ° C condition of 50 ° of C～60; Thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid culture is dried under ° C condition of 30 ° of C～40, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves; Standby.
According to the present invention, described actinomycetes bacterial classification is selected from actinobacillus capsulatus (Actinobacillus Actinobacillus) or Actinomycesa lmadurae (Actionadura sp.).Wherein preferred, the ACCC11051 of the preferred Chinese agriculture microbial strains of described actinobacillus capsulatus preservation administrative center (Agricultural Culture Collection of China english abbreviation ACCC), the ACCC40497 of the preferred Chinese agriculture microbial strains of described Actinomycesa lmadurae preservation administrative center.
According to the present invention, ACCC30606 or the ACCC30607 of the preferred Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation of described thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium (Pochonia chlamydosporia) administrative center.
It is take granular urea as core core fertilizer that described sulphur adds the high molecular polymer coated carbamide, first sprays inner cladding sulphur film, then sprays the surrounding layer polymer membrane and make; Wherein, it is 18～22wt% that inner cladding sulphur film accounts for core core fertilizer quality per-cent, polymer membrane accounts for the 3wt% that is coated with fertiliser granulates total mass after sulphur, and is preferred, and high polymer film-coated material is that novolac epoxy and triethylene tetramine are with the mixing of 9: 1 mass ratioes.Wherein, core core fertilizer urea preferred particulates particle diameter is 2～3 millimeters.
Described humic acid membrane wrapping urea is fertile take granular urea as the core core, spray one layer binder outside core core fertilizer, spray again the weathered coal of the air-dry pulverizing of one deck, repeat 1 time after solidifying, reach 0.8～1.2wt% that binding agent accounts for the fertile quality of core core, weathered coal accounts for 5.0～7.0wt% of the fertile quality of core core.To be epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine be mixed by the mass ratio of 1: 0.10 described binding agent.Humic acid membrane wrapping urea is the commercially available prod, Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd. is on sale, also can be by patent document CN100556866C(200810139610.4) disclosed " a kind of humic acid control-releasing fertilizer and preparation method thereof " preparation, the present invention quotes the full text of this patent document as prior art.Wherein, core core fertilizer urea preferable particle size is 2～4 millimeters.
Described humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar is fertile take granular potassium sulfate as the core core, spray one layer binder outside core core fertilizer, then spray the weathered coal of the air-dry pulverizing of one deck, repeat 1 time after solidifying, reach 0.6～1.0wt% that binding agent accounts for the fertile quality of core core, weathered coal accounts for 4.0～6.0wt% of the fertile quality of core core.To be epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine be mixed by the mass ratio of 1: 0.10 described binding agent.2～4 millimeters of core core fertilizer vitriolate of tartar preferable particle size.
Preferred according to the present invention, the weathered coal that uses in described humic acid membrane wrapping urea, humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar is crossed 100 mesh sieves.
Urea of the present invention is nitrogenous 46%, and diammonium phosphate is nitrogenous 18%, contain Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 46%, particle diameter 2-4mm.Be the commercially available prod.
According to the present invention, preferred, the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease, raw materials quality part is:
95～105 parts of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer,
Sulphur adds 105～115 parts of high molecular polymer coated carbamides,
230～250 parts of humic acid coated carbamides,
290～310 parts of humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar,
240～260 parts of diammonium phosphate.
The solid culture of actinomycetes of the present invention, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium gets final product by existing solid culture technology preparation.The invention provides following method as preferred version, but be not limited to this, be described in detail as follows:
A. the preparation of actinomycetes solid culture:
Make actinomycetes inclined-planes seed by prior art, adopt the PDA substratum.PDA culture medium prescription: potato 200g, glucose 20g, agar 16g, water 1000g; With actinomycetes inclined-planes seed sterilized water wash-out, be prepared into and contain actinomycetes conidium 1 ╳ 10
7Individual/g～3 ╳ 10
7The suspension of individual/g; 3～5wt% is with in this suspension access sterilising liq substratum in mass ratio.The liquid culture based formulas is: Zulkovsky starch 15g, yeast extract paste 15g, potassium primary phosphate 0.5g, calcium carbonate 0.5g, sodium-chlor 0.5g, sal epsom 0.5g, water 1000g; Cultivated 3～5 days under 28 ° of C, 150 rev/mins of conditions, get seed liquor, bacterium liquid contains conidium 1 ╳ 10
9Individual/g～3 ╳ 10
9Individual/g;
Press Semen Maydis powder: rice meal: the mass ratio of Testa Tritici=2: 2: 1 mixes, and gets the solid material.By the solid material: the quality ratio is 1: 0.5 preparation solid medium.Inoculum size with mass ratio 10～18wt% accesses the sterilization solid medium with seed liquor.Cultivated 6～10 days under 26 ° of C～28 ° C conditions, reach solid culture and contain actinomycetes conidium 3 ╳ 10
10Individual/g～5 ╳ 10
10Individual/g;
The actinomycetes solid culture is dried under ° C condition of 50 ° of C～60, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves, standby.
B. the preparation of thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid culture:
The preparation of thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium inclined-plane seed is identical with actinomycetes; With inclined-plane seed sterilized water wash-out, be prepared into and contain thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium conidium 1 ╳ 10
6Individual/g～3 ╳ 10
6The suspension of individual/g; 5～8wt% is with in this suspension access sterilising liq substratum in mass ratio.The liquid culture based formulas is: Semen Maydis powder 150g, SODIUMNITRATE 1g, sodium-chlor 0.7g, water 1000g, pH4.5～6.5; Cultivated 4～6 days under 25 ° of C, 150 rev/mins of conditions, get seed liquor, bacterium liquid contains 10 ° of conidium 1 ╳/g～10 ° of 3 ╳/g;
Press Semen Maydis powder: Testa Tritici: straw=mass ratio mixed in 5: 2: 3, got the solid material.The solid material: the quality ratio is 1: 0.6, regulates pH value to 7.5～8.0, and conventional sterilization makes solid medium.Inoculum size with mass ratio 15～25wt% accesses the sterilization solid medium with seed liquor.Cultivated 8～12 days under 23 ° of C～25 ° C conditions, reach solid culture and contain thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 1 ╳ 10
11Individual/g～3 ╳ 10
11Individual/g;
Solid culture is dried under ° C condition of 35 ° of C～45, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves, standby.
According to the present invention, preferred, straw was pulverized 4 mm sieve, Semen Maydis powder, rice meal particle diameter≤1 millimeter.
According to the present invention, the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer preparation method of biological control soil-borne disease comprises that step is as follows:
(1) preparation of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer
A, actinomycetes solid culture:
Biocontrol microorganisms actinomycetes bacterial classification adopts the PDA substratum to make actinomycetes inclined-planes seed by prior art.PDA substratum: potato 200g, glucose 20g, agar 16g, water 1000g;
With actinomycetes inclined-planes seed sterilized water wash-out, be prepared into and contain actinomycetes conidium 1 ╳ 10
7Individual/g～3 ╳ 10
7The suspension of individual/g; 3～5wt% is with in this suspension access sterilising liq substratum in mass ratio.The liquid culture based formulas is: Zulkovsky starch 15g, yeast extract paste 15g, potassium primary phosphate 0.5g, calcium carbonate 0.5g, sodium-chlor 0.5g, sal epsom 0.5g, water 1000g, pH=7.0～7.5; Cultivated 3～5 days under 28 ° of C, 150 rev/mins of conditions, get seed liquor, bacterium liquid contains conidium 1 ╳ 10
9Individual/g～3 ╳ 10
9Individual/g;
Press Semen Maydis powder: rice meal: the mass ratio of Testa Tritici=2: 2: 1 mixes, and gets the solid material.By the solid material: the quality ratio is 1: 0.5 preparation solid medium.Inoculum size with mass ratio 10～18wt% accesses the sterilization solid medium with seed liquor.Cultivated 6～10 days under 26 ° of C～28 ° C conditions, reach solid culture and contain actinomycetes conidium 3 ╳ 10
10Individual/g～5 ╳ 10
10Individual/g;
The actinomycetes solid culture is dried under ° C condition of 50 ° of C～60, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves, standby.
The solid culture of B, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium:
The preparation of thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium inclined-plane seed is identical with actinomycetes; With inclined-plane seed sterilized water wash-out, be prepared into and contain thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium conidium 1 ╳ 10
6Individual/g～3 ╳ 10
6The suspension of individual/g; 5～8wt% is with in this suspension access sterilising liq substratum in mass ratio.The liquid culture based formulas is: Semen Maydis powder 150g, SODIUMNITRATE 1g, sodium-chlor 0.7g, water 1000g, pH4.5～6.5; Cultivated 4～6 days under 25 ° of C, 150 rev/mins of conditions, get seed liquor, bacterium liquid contains conidium 1 ╳ 10
9Individual/g～3 ╳ 10
9Individual/g;
Press Semen Maydis powder: Testa Tritici: straw=mass ratio mixed in 5: 2: 3, got the solid material.The solid material: the quality ratio is 1: 0.6, regulates pH value to 7.5～8.0, and conventional sterilization makes solid medium.Inoculum size with mass ratio 15～25wt% accesses the sterilization solid medium with seed liquor.Cultivated 8～12 days under 23 ° of C～25 ° C conditions, reach solid culture and contain thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 1 ╳ 10
11Individual/g～3 ╳ 10
11Individual/g;
Solid culture is dried under ° C condition of 35 ° of C～45, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves, standby.
C, by proportioning, get the actinomycetes solid culture, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid culture, urea, diatomite mixes, and by prior art granulation, 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters, namely gets the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertile.
(2) sulphur adds the preparation of high molecular polymer coated carbamide:
Getting particle diameter 2～3 mm granules urea is core core fertilizer, first sprays inner cladding sulphur film, and the sulphur film accounts for 18～22wt% of core core fertilizer urea quality; Spray the surrounding layer polymer membrane, polymer membrane accounts for the 3wt% that is coated with fertiliser granulates total mass after sulphur again.Wherein, high polymer film-coated dose be novolac epoxy and triethylene tetramine with the mixing of 9: 1 mass ratioes, spray on the fertiliser granulates that is coated with after sulphur by prior art, and get final product.
(3) preparation of humic acid membrane wrapping urea:
Extracting epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine make binding agent by the mass ratio mixing of 1: 0.10.The granular urea of getting 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters is core fertilizer, be preheated to 60 ° of C～70 ° C in rotary drum, the binding agent of first spray preparation is to the urea granules that rotates, the mass ratio that binding agent accounts for the core fertilizer granular urea is 0.4～0.6wt%, spray again one deck solid weathered coal, the mass ratio that weathered coal accounts for the core fertilizer granular urea is 2.5～3.5wt%, repeats said process 1 time after solidifying, and get final product.
(4) preparation of humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar:
The same step of the preparation of binding agent (3).The granular potassium sulfate of getting 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters is core fertilizer, be preheated to 60 ° of C～70 ° C in rotary drum, the binding agent of first spray preparation is to the granular potassium sulfate that rotates, the mass ratio that binding agent accounts for the core fertilizer vitriolate of tartar is 0.3～0.5wt%, spray again one deck solid weathered coal, the mass ratio that weathered coal accounts for the core fertilizer vitriolate of tartar is 2.0～3.0wt%, repeats said process 1 time after solidifying, and get final product.
(5) by proportioning, the humic acid membrane wrapping urea that the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine of getting step (1) preparation is fertile, the sulphur of step (2) preparation adds the high molecular polymer coated carbamide, step (3) prepares, humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar and the diammonium phosphate of step (4) preparation mix, and namely get the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease of the present invention.
The application of the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease of the present invention, this Controlled Release Fertilizer application process is:
ⅰ before watermelon sowing or field planting disposable evenly spread fertilizer over the fields to turn over behind the earth's surface bury; Or,
ⅱ is disposable executing in planting pit when the watermelon field planting, and fertilization depth is apart from 8～10 centimetres, earth's surface, and puddle with part soil.
The fertilizer amount of the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease of the present invention, 40～60 kilograms every mu of the total amounts of amounting to into purity nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide.
Excellent results of the present invention:
1. production non-harmful product
At present, the disease-proofing pesticide of watermelon is mainly chemical agent, easily causes objectionable impurities residual.The present invention is take the biocontrol microorganisms culture as the diseases prevention product, and is not residual to mankind's toxicological harmless, is the assurance that nuisanceless watermelon is produced.
2. protection of the environment
In production, the chemical pesticide of control watermelon disease effectively utilizes lowly, and major part remains in environment, and long-term a large amount of the use can the threatening environment safety.Anti-disease substance in the fertilizer of the present invention anti-product of making a living is conducive to protection of the environment.
3. prevent the watermelon disease
Medication again when current watermelon diseases prevention is morbidity, but late, the good growth of watermelon caused injury.The present invention adds the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion product in fertilizer to use as base manure, effectively prevents the watermelon sprout term disease, has reduced the soil-borne disease occurrence probability.
4. saving use cost
The present invention combines the biological disease-preventing product with Controlled Release Fertilizer, the fertilizer efficiency time is long, and fertilizer application frequency is few, and saves the dispenser process, saves labour cost.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but be not limited to this.Raw material consumption umber in embodiment is mass parts, and all per-cents are mass percent.Wherein, the actinomycetes bacterial classification is: actinobacillus capsulatus ACCC11051 and Actinomycesa lmadurae ACCC40497, and wherein, embodiment 1～2 uses ACCC11051, and embodiment 3～4 uses ACCC40497, and Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center buys; Thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium bacterial classification is: ACCC30606 and ACCC30607, Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center buy, and wherein, embodiment 1～2 uses ACCC30606, and embodiment 3～4 uses ACCC30607.
Weathered coal: Xinjiang is risen and is contained development in science and technology company limited and produce, and organic content 70.2wt% crosses 100 mesh sieves.
Novolac epoxy, epoxy resin, triethylene tetramine, Jiangsu Miki Chemical Co., Ltd is on sale.
Sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide, humic acid coated carbamide, humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar, and Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd. produces.
Diammonium phosphate, nitrogenous 18%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 46%, 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters, commercially available prod.
Embodiment 1:
The watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease, raw material form:
The fertile 130kg of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine,
Sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide 120kg,
Humic acid coated carbamide 200kg,
Humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar 340kg,
Diammonium phosphate 210kg.
The preparation method:
(1) preparation of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer
A, actinomycetes solid culture: the actinomycetes bacterial classification is actinobacillus capsulatus ACCC11051.
Adopt the PDA substratum to make actinomycetes inclined-planes seed by prior art.PDA culture medium prescription: potato 200g, glucose 20g, agar 16g, water 1000g;
With actinomycetes inclined-planes seed sterilized water wash-out, be prepared into and contain actinomycetes conidium 2.13 ╳ 10
7The suspension of individual/g; 4wt% is with in this suspension access sterilising liq substratum in mass ratio.The liquid culture based formulas is: Zulkovsky starch 15g, yeast extract paste 15g, potassium primary phosphate 0.5g, calcium carbonate 0.5g, sodium-chlor 0.5g, sal epsom 0.5g, water 1000g, pH=7.3; Cultivated 4 days under 28 ° of C, 150 rev/mins of conditions, get seed liquor, bacterium liquid contains conidium 1.83 ╳ 10
9Individual/g;
Get Semen Maydis powder 20kg, rice meal 20kg, Testa Tritici 10kg, mix, get the solid material.Add water 25kg, mix, the container of packing into by the prior art sterilization, gets solid medium.The above-mentioned seed liquor of access 7.5kg.Cultivated 8 days under 27 ° of C conditions, solid culture contains actinomycetes conidium 4.12 ╳ 10
10Individual/g;
The actinomycetes solid culture is dried under 55 ° of C conditions, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves, standby.
The solid culture of B, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium: thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium bacterial classification ACCC30606;
The preparation of thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium inclined-plane seed is identical with actinomycetes; With inclined-plane seed sterilized water wash-out, be prepared into and contain thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium conidium 1.52 ╳ 10
6The suspension of individual/g; The amount of 6wt% is with in this suspension access sterilising liq substratum in mass ratio.The liquid culture based formulas is: Semen Maydis powder 150g, SODIUMNITRATE 1g, sodium-chlor 0.7g, water 1000g, regulate pH to 5.5; Cultivated 5 days under 25 ° of C, 150 rev/mins of conditions, get seed liquor, bacterium liquid contains thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium conidium 2.35 ╳ 10
9Individual/g;
Get Semen Maydis powder 25kg, Testa Tritici 10kg, straw 15kg mixing, get the solid material.Add water 30kg, regulate pH value to 7.8, conventional sterilization makes solid medium.The thick wall spore of access 10kg Pu Keniya bacterium seed liquor.Cultivated 10 days under 24 ° of C conditions, solid culture contains thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 1.78 ╳ 10
11Individual/g;
Thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid culture is dried under 40 ° of C conditions, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves, standby.
C, get actinomycetes solid culture 50kg, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid culture 50kg, urea 10kg, diatomite 35kg, mix, by prior art granulation, 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters, namely get the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertile.
(2) sulphur adds the preparation of high molecular polymer coated carbamide:
Getting particle diameter 2～3 mm granules urea is core core fertilizer, first sprays inner cladding sulphur film, and the sulphur film accounts for the 20wt% of core core fertilizer urea quality; Spray the surrounding layer polymer membrane, polymer membrane accounts for the 3wt% that is coated with fertiliser granulates total mass after sulphur again.Wherein, high polymer film-coated dose is that novolac epoxy and triethylene tetramine are with the mixing of 9: 1 mass ratioes.
(3) preparation of humic acid membrane wrapping urea:
Extracting epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine make binding agent by the mass ratio mixing of 1: 0.10.The granular urea of getting 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters is core fertilizer, be preheated to 70 ° of C in rotary drum, the binding agent of first spray preparation is to the urea granules that rotates, the mass ratio that binding agent accounts for the core fertilizer granular urea is 0.5wt%, spray again one deck solid weathered coal, the mass ratio that weathered coal accounts for the core fertilizer granular urea is 3.0wt%, repeats said process 1 time after solidifying, and get final product.
(4) preparation of humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar:
The same step of the preparation of binding agent (3).The granular potassium sulfate of getting 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters is core fertilizer, be preheated to 70 ° of C in rotary drum, the binding agent of first spray preparation is to the granular potassium sulfate that rotates, the mass ratio that binding agent accounts for the core fertilizer vitriolate of tartar is 0.4wt%, spray again one deck solid weathered coal, the mass ratio that weathered coal accounts for the core fertilizer vitriolate of tartar is 2.5wt%, repeats said process 1 time after solidifying, and get final product.
(5) by proportioning, the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine of getting step (1) preparation is fertile, the sulphur of step (2) preparation adds the high molecular polymer coated carbamide, the humic acid membrane wrapping urea of step (3) preparation, humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar and the diammonium phosphate of step (4) preparation mix, and namely get the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease of the present invention.
Embodiment 2:
The watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease, raw material form:
The fertile 150kg of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine,
Sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide 80kg,
Humic acid coated carbamide 180kg,
Humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar 290kg,
Diammonium phosphate 300kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
The watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease, raw material form:
The fertile 100kg of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine,
Sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide 110kg,
Humic acid coated carbamide 240kg,
Humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar 300kg,
Diammonium phosphate 250kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1, and difference is that the actinomycetes bacterial classification is Actinomycesa lmadurae ACCC40497, and solid culture contains actinomycetes conidium 3.84 ╳ 10
10Individual/g, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium bacterial classification is ACCC30607, solid culture contains thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 2.16 ╳ 10
11Individual/g.
Embodiment 4:
The watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease, raw material form:
The fertile 80kg of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine,
Sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide 150kg,
Humic acid coated carbamide 160kg,
Humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar 380kg,
Diammonium phosphate 230kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1, and difference is that the actinomycetes bacterial classification is Actinomycesa lmadurae ACCC40497, and solid culture contains actinomycetes conidium 3.84 ╳ 10
10Individual/g, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium bacterial classification is ACCC30607, solid culture contains thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 2.16 ╳ 10
11Individual/g.
Comparative Examples: common urea, nitrogen content 46%; Diammonium phosphate, nitrogenous 18%, contain Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 46%; Vitriolate of tartar contains potassium oxide 50%.
The effect of above embodiment 1～4 and Comparative Examples is as follows:
Test site: Changle city, Shandong Province.
Test period: year June in March, 2012 to 2012.
For trying variety of watermelon: the show in early spring is beautiful.
If embodiment 1-4 and Comparative Examples be totally 5 processing, each processes 20 square metres of residential quarter areas.The cultivation of protection ground.Embodiment 1-4 is identical with the Comparative Examples fertilizer amount, amounts to into 50 kilograms every mu of purity nitrogens, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide three total amount.Embodiment 1-4 Term Fertilization method is: disposable executing in planting pit when the watermelon field planting, fertilization depth are puddled evenly with part soil apart from 10 centimetres, earth's surface.In Comparative Examples, diammonium phosphate is identical with embodiment with the vitriolate of tartar fertilizing method, and urea is to topdress at the watermelon expanding stage.Other control measures are identical.Effect sees Table 1.
Table 1 is compared the application watermelon test-results of embodiment 1～4 with Comparative Examples
| Fertilizer of the present invention | Output increases % | Damping-off reduces % | Root knot nematode disease reduces % |
| Embodiment 1 | 7.4 | 36.1 | 67.8 |
| Embodiment 2 | 7.2 | 38.2 | 59.6 |
| Embodiment 3 | 8.3 | 41.4 | 65.4 |
| Embodiment 4 | 6.5 | 35.6 | 55.3 |
Claims (7)
1. the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease is characterized in that raw materials quality part is:
80～150 parts of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer,
Sulphur adds 80～150 parts of high molecular polymer coated carbamides,
150～250 parts of humic acid coated carbamides,
280～380 parts of humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar,
200～300 parts of diammonium phosphate;
Described biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer is to be made by solid culture and urea, the composite granulation of diatomite of prior art through the solid culture preparation respectively by actinomycetes and thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium; Wherein,
40～60 parts of actinomycetes solid cultures contain actinomycetes conidium 3 ╳ 10
10Individual/g～5 ╳ 10
10Individual/g;
40～60 parts of thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid cultures contain thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 1 ╳ 10
11Individual/g～3 ╳ 10
11Individual/g;
5～15 parts, urea, 20～40 parts, diatomite.
2. the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described actinomycetes bacterial classification is selected from actinobacillus capsulatus (Actinobacillus Actinobacillus) or Actinomycesa lmadurae (Actionadura sp.).
3. the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium (Pochonia chlamydosporia) is selected from ACCC30606 or the ACCC30607 of Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center.
4. the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that it is take granular urea as core core fertilizer that described sulphur adds the high molecular polymer coated carbamide, first spray inner cladding sulphur film, then spray the surrounding layer polymer membrane and make; Wherein, it is 18～22wt% that inner cladding sulphur film accounts for core core fertilizer quality per-cent, and polymer membrane accounts for the 3wt% that is coated with fertiliser granulates total mass after sulphur, and high polymer film-coated material is that novolac epoxy and triethylene tetramine are with the mixing of 9: 1 mass ratioes;
Described humic acid membrane wrapping urea is fertile take granular urea as the core core, spray one layer binder outside core core fertilizer, spray again the weathered coal of the air-dry pulverizing of one deck, repeat 1 time after solidifying, reach 0.8～1.2wt% that binding agent accounts for the fertile quality of core core, weathered coal accounts for 5.0～7.0wt% of the fertile quality of core core; To be epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine be mixed by the mass ratio of 1: 0.10 described binding agent;
Described humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar is fertile take granular potassium sulfate as the core core, spray one layer binder outside core core fertilizer, then spray the weathered coal of the air-dry pulverizing of one deck, repeat 1 time after solidifying, reach 0.6～1.0wt% that binding agent accounts for the fertile quality of core core, weathered coal accounts for 4.0～6.0wt% of the fertile quality of core core; To be epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine be mixed by the mass ratio of 1: 0.10 described binding agent.
5. the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that raw materials quality part is:
95～105 parts of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer,
Sulphur adds 105～115 parts of high molecular polymer coated carbamides,
230～250 parts of humic acid coated carbamides,
290～310 parts of humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar,
240～260 parts of diammonium phosphate.
6. the preparation method of the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease as described in claim 1～5 any one comprises that step is as follows:
(1) preparation of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer
A, actinomycetes solid culture:
Biocontrol microorganisms actinomycetes bacterial classification adopts the PDA substratum to make actinomycetes inclined-planes seed by prior art; PDA substratum: potato 200g, glucose 20g, agar 16g, water 1000g;
With actinomycetes inclined-planes seed sterilized water wash-out, be prepared into and contain actinomycetes conidium 1 ╳ 10
7Individual/g～3 ╳ 10
7The suspension of individual/g; 3～5wt% is with in this suspension access sterilising liq substratum in mass ratio.The liquid culture based formulas is: Zulkovsky starch 15g, yeast extract paste 15g, potassium primary phosphate 0.5g, calcium carbonate 0.5g, sodium-chlor 0.5g, sal epsom 0.5g, water 1000g, pH=7.0～7.5; Cultivated 3～5 days under 28 ° of C, 150 rev/mins of conditions, get seed liquor, bacterium liquid contains conidium 1 ╳ 10
9Individual/g～3 ╳ 10
9Individual/g;
Press Semen Maydis powder: rice meal: the mass ratio of Testa Tritici=2: 2: 1 mixes, and gets the solid material.By the solid material: the quality ratio is 1: 0.5 preparation solid medium.Inoculum size with mass ratio 10～18wt% accesses the sterilization solid medium with seed liquor.Cultivated 6～10 days under 26 ° of C～28 ° C conditions, reach solid culture and contain actinomycetes conidium 3 ╳ 10
10Individual/g～5 ╳ 10
10Individual/g;
The actinomycetes solid culture is dried under ° C condition of 50 ° of C～60, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves, standby;
The solid culture of B, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium:
The preparation of thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium inclined-plane seed is identical with actinomycetes; With inclined-plane seed sterilized water wash-out, be prepared into and contain thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium conidium 1 ╳ 10
6Individual/g～3 ╳ 10
6The suspension of individual/g; 5～8wt% is with in this suspension access sterilising liq substratum in mass ratio; The liquid culture based formulas is: Semen Maydis powder 150g, SODIUMNITRATE 1g, sodium-chlor 0.7g, water 1000g, pH4.5～6.5; Cultivated 4～6 days under 25 ° of C, 150 rev/mins of conditions, get seed liquor, bacterium liquid contains conidium 1 ╳ 10
9Individual/g～3 ╳ 10
9Individual/g;
Press Semen Maydis powder: Testa Tritici: straw=mass ratio mixed in 5: 2: 3, got the solid material.The solid material: the quality ratio is 1: 0.6, regulates pH value to 7.5～8.0, and conventional sterilization makes solid medium; Inoculum size with mass ratio 15～25wt% accesses the sterilization solid medium with seed liquor; Cultivated 8～12 days under 23 ° of C～25 ° C conditions, reach solid culture and contain thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 1 ╳ 10
11Individual/g～3 ╳ 10
11Individual/g;
Solid culture is dried under ° C condition of 35 ° of C～45, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves, standby;
C, by proportioning, get the actinomycetes solid culture, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid culture, urea, diatomite mixes, and by prior art granulation, 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters, namely gets the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertile;
(2) sulphur adds the preparation of high molecular polymer coated carbamide:
Getting particle diameter 2～3 mm granules urea is core core fertilizer, first sprays inner cladding sulphur film, and the sulphur film accounts for 18～22wt% of core core fertilizer urea quality; Spray the surrounding layer polymer membrane, polymer membrane accounts for the 3wt% that is coated with fertiliser granulates total mass after sulphur again.Wherein, high polymer film-coated dose be novolac epoxy and triethylene tetramine with the mixing of 9: 1 mass ratioes, spray on the fertiliser granulates that is coated with after sulphur by prior art, and get final product;
(3) preparation of humic acid membrane wrapping urea:
Extracting epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine make binding agent by the mass ratio mixing of 1: 0.10.The granular urea of getting 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters is core fertilizer, be preheated to 60 ° of C～70 ° C in rotary drum, the binding agent of first spray preparation is to the urea granules that rotates, the mass ratio that binding agent accounts for the core fertilizer granular urea is 0.4～0.6wt%, spray again one deck solid weathered coal, the mass ratio that weathered coal accounts for the core fertilizer granular urea is 2.5～3.5wt%, repeats said process 1 time after solidifying, and get final product;
(4) preparation of humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar:
The same step of the preparation of binding agent (3).The granular potassium sulfate of getting 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters is core fertilizer, be preheated to 60 ° of C～70 ° C in rotary drum, the binding agent of first spray preparation is to the granular potassium sulfate that rotates, the mass ratio that binding agent accounts for the core fertilizer vitriolate of tartar is 0.3～0.5wt%, spray again one deck solid weathered coal, the mass ratio that weathered coal accounts for the core fertilizer vitriolate of tartar is 2.0～3.0wt%, repeats said process 1 time after solidifying, and get final product;
(5) by proportioning, the humic acid membrane wrapping urea that the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine of getting step (1) preparation is fertile, the sulphur of step (2) preparation adds the high molecular polymer coated carbamide, step (3) prepares, humic acid coating vitriolate of tartar and the diammonium phosphate of step (4) preparation mix, and namely get the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer.
7. the application of the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of the described biological control soil-borne disease of claim 1～5 any one is characterized in that this Controlled Release Fertilizer application process is:
ⅰ before watermelon sowing or field planting disposable evenly spread fertilizer over the fields to turn over behind the earth's surface bury; Or,
ⅱ is disposable executing in planting pit when the watermelon field planting, and fertilization depth is apart from 8～10 centimetres, earth's surface, and puddle with part soil.
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