CN106146137B - Drought-resistant water-retention long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Drought-resistant water-retention long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A drought-resistant water-retaining long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, wherein the organic-inorganic compound water-retaining agent is combined with coal-based ammonium humate, so that the fertilizer has the effects of drought resistance, water retention and long acting, and can be applied at one time; can reduce agricultural investment and achieve the purposes of increasing yield, increasing income, saving water and protecting environment. The compound fertilizer consists of the following raw materials: the compound fertilizer comprises, by weight, 20-40% of total nutrients, 8-25% of organic matters and 8-12% of water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: fully mixing the organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent with humic acid ammonium, and carrying out chelation pretreatment to prepare a mixture A; mixing urea and calcium superphosphate to obtain a mixture B; and adding the mixture A into a roller granulator, adding potassium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate and a binder into the roller granulator, and adding the mixture B, water and a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution for granulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a drought-resistant water-retaining long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which reasonably mixes an organic-inorganic compound drought-resistant water-retaining agent with the water-retaining drought-resistant synergistic effect, ammonium humate, large, medium and trace elements and organic matters required by plant growth, and has the functions of drought resistance, water retention and long acting on the premise of reaching various indexes of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (GB 18877-2009).
Background
The importation of water and fertilizer to agricultural production is explained by the Hangul that the harvest is water or not and the harvest is less and the fertilizer is much.
The agricultural and forestry water-retaining agent used for agriculture has been used for nearly half a century, but cannot be popularized and applied to field crop lands in arid and semiarid regions so far, so that the agricultural water-retaining agent is used for agricultural services of water saving, yield increase and income increase and has the following reasons:
1. the use is inconvenient (the standard indexes lack of grain type and grain size), and the fertilizer is not suitable for being mixed with the fertilizer.
2. Is only suitable for the small range of manual fertilization methods for afforestation (transplanting) and planting of greenhouse economic crops.
3. In a large number of arid and semiarid regions, the field planting benefit is low, and in addition, the labor force is deficient in the young and the strong in rural areas. The artificial methods of spreading, ploughing, fertilizing and sowing are not easy to be accepted by farmers. At present, the method is basically used in ecological environmental protection projects of government behaviors such as garden planting, greenhouse cash crops and the like.
4. Because the existing drought-resistant water-retaining agent for agriculture and forestry is basically prepared from acrylic acid (PAA), Bentonite (BT), acrylamide (Am) and rotten soilPhytic acid potassium salt (KHA) and ammonia (NH)4OH), and water-insoluble colloid polymer formed by crosslinking ammonium persulfate through grafting. The water and moisture absorbing capacity can reach 100-700 times of the self mass, and no adhesive substance exists. The product is irregular particles or powder, and when the product is mixed with large, medium and trace elements to prepare the compound fertilizer, the problems that the water absorption is difficult to form balls, the strength of the product particles is low, the fertilizer particles expand when meeting humid air, the effect is reduced when acrylic materials meet salt solution in the fertilizer, and the like exist.
The current water retention agent is basically prepared by graft crosslinking and copolymerization of acrylic acid (PPA) and acrylamide. The standard water absorption index of the product is 100-700 g/g, and the drought resisting and water retaining effects can be achieved only by using 3-5 kg of the product per mu. The plants can be harvested in the area with the annual rainfall of 300 mm. However, when the water-retaining drought-resisting compound fertilizer is added into a chemical fertilizer to produce the water-retaining drought-resisting compound fertilizer, the water-retaining drought-resisting compound fertilizer hardly reaches various indexes of the GB 18877-2009 organic-inorganic compound fertilizer standard due to the characteristic relation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a drought-resistant water-retention long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Can reduce agricultural investment and achieve the purposes of increasing yield, increasing income, saving water and protecting environment.
A water-retention drought-resistant long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is characterized in that:
1) the composite material consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass:
n, P therein205And K2The total nutrient content of O is 20-40 wt%, the organic matter content is 8-25 wt%, and the water content is 8-12%.
The water-retaining drought-resisting long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is characterized in that:
the compound fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
n, P therein205And K2The total nutrient content of O is 35.25%, the organic matter content is 15%, and the water content is 10%.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a water-retaining drought-resisting long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
1. chelating pretreatment
According to the mass portion, 60-100 portions of organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent and 350 portions of ammonium humate 150 ≧ 65%, and chelating pretreatment is carried out to prepare a mixture A;
2. mixing and granulating
Mixing 260 parts of 200-one urea and 50-60 parts of ordinary calcium to obtain a mixture B; adding the mixture A into a roller granulator, adding 200 parts of potassium sulfate, 60-300 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 60-100 parts of adhesive into the roller granulator, and adding the mixture B and water to form a granulation liquid, wherein the addition amount of the water is 7-15% of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate, the ordinary superphosphate, the humic acid ammonium, the organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent and the adhesive, and the ordinary superphosphate is contacted with the urea to generate a proper amount of free acid to assist granulation;
adding sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution which accounts for 1-5 per mill of the total mass of the granulating liquid into a roller granulator, and granulating to obtain a finished product; n, P therein205And K2The total nutrient content of O is 20-40%, the organic matter content is 8-25%, and the water content is 8-12%.
The preparation method of the water-retaining drought-resisting long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1. chelating pretreatment
Fully mixing 60 parts of organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent and 200 parts of humic acid ammonium according to the mass parts, and carrying out chelation pretreatment to obtain a mixture A;
3. mixing and granulating
Mixing 200 parts of urea and 50 parts of ordinary superphosphate to obtain a mixture B; adding the mixture A into a roller granulator, adding 180 parts of potassium sulfate, 250 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 60 parts of adhesive into the roller granulator, and adding the mixture B and water to form a granulation liquid, wherein the addition amount of the water is 12% of the total mass of the urea, the potassium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate, the superphosphate, the ammonium humate, the organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent and the adhesive, and the superphosphate is contacted with the urea to generate a proper amount of free acid to assist granulation;
adding a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution which accounts for 4 per mill of the total mass of the granulating liquid into a roller granulator, and granulating to obtain a finished product with the particle size of 1-3 mm; n, P in the final product205And K2The total nutrient content of O is 35.25%, the organic matter content is 15%, and the water content is 10%.
The ammonium humate is prepared by the following steps:
1) selecting weathered coal or young lignite with the organic matter content of more than or equal to 65 percent, the humic acid content of more than or equal to 40 percent and the free water content of less than or equal to 20 percent, and sieving the weathered coal or the young lignite by a sieve of 60-80 meshes; putting the undersize into a special mixing drum with a drainage chamber at the bottom, adding water for mixing, evacuating water in the drainage chamber by using a centrifugal separation principle to enable the water to be in a layered columnar body, and selecting a humic acid-containing substance layer;
2) mixing 250-300 parts of ammonium bicarbonate with the N content of more than or equal to 17 percent in a heat-preservation sealed container with 115 parts of 105-fold water in advance by mass part, and stirring for dissolving;
3) adding the humic acid-containing substance layer into an ammonium bicarbonate solution, and preparing materials according to the proportion that 1.8-2.0 mol of ammonium is needed for each mol of ammonium humate, and directly carrying out ammoniation reaction; the ammonium humate is prepared by fully stirring, storing in a sealed aging bin or a bag with an outer layer woven with a plastic lining, and aging at 20-50 deg.C for 5-7 days or at room temperature for 10-15 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. an organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent synthesized by inorganic mineral substances and acrylic acid, which do not influence the expansion coefficient when meeting salt solution, is adopted, and the water-retaining agent and ammonium humate are chelated for pretreatment to form the composite water-retaining agent with the pH 6-7 neutral. The nitrogen oxide and the free water in the ammonium humate are adsorbed by the water-retaining agent to form a substance containing the ammonium humate, and the chelating effect of the humic acid on inorganic metal ions is acknowledged by theoretical practice. Humic acid, colloid substance with strong complexing and adsorbing performances, flocculation, surface activity, adsorption to kaolin, montmorillonite and clay, and inhibition to some minerals, and the water-retaining agent and NHHA reactant can improve the water-retaining efficiency by 30-80%.
The complexation chelation of the ammonium humate and the high water absorption substance can not only improve the water absorption (storage) capacity of the two substances (water retention agent and ammonium humate), but also have the functions of fertilizer retention (improvement of chemical fertilizer utilization rate) and oxygen storage (improvement of soil temperature), stimulate the growth of plants, and have the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus migration and potassium dissolution, can also improve the living and breeding environment of soil microorganisms, and has obvious effects on the aspects of soil restoration, environment protection and the like; and the dosage of the water-retaining agent can be reduced, and the drought-resisting cost is reduced. The drought-resistant and water-retaining fertilizer can serve the agricultural income increase in arid and semi-arid regions as soon as possible.
2. The adhesive is bentonite beneficial to improving soil, and proper amount of free acid liquor generated by the contact of calcium superphosphate and urea is utilized to assist granulation. The sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution is added into the roller granulation liquid, so that the granulation problem is solved, and the method is also helpful for preventing agglomeration.
3. As the organic matter in the compound fertilizer is derived from natural ammoniated humic acid, is a natural organic substance and is different from excrement and the like, the GB 18877-2009 organic-inorganic compound fertilizer does not have the index requirements on the death rate of ascarid eggs, excrement coliform bacteria, chloride ion content, heavy metal content and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the preparation of humic acid-containing substance layer of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A water-retaining drought-resisting long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials:
the organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent is an agricultural and forest drought-resistant water-retaining agent produced by North China chemical Co.
The preparation method of the water-retaining drought-resisting long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of ammonium humate
1) As shown in figure 1, weathered coal or young lignite with 65% of organic matter content, 40% of humic acid content and 20% of free water content is sieved by a 60-mesh sieve, undersize materials are put into a special stirring cylinder with a drainage chamber at the bottom, water is added for stirring, water in the drainage chamber is pumped out by utilizing a centrifugal separation principle to form a layered columnar body, and a substance layer containing humic acid is selected;
2) 250kg of ammonium bicarbonate with the N content of 17 percent is mixed with 105kg of water in a heat-preservation sealed container in advance, and the mixture is stirred and dissolved;
3) adding the humic acid-containing substance layer into the ammonium bicarbonate solution, and preparing materials according to the proportion that 1.8 mol of ammonium is needed for each mol of ammonium humate, and directly carrying out ammoniation reaction; fully stirring uniformly, storing in a sealed curing bin or a bag with an outer layer woven with a plastic lining, and curing at 20-30 ℃ for 7 days (or at room temperature for 10 days) to obtain ammonium humate with the nitrogen content of 4% and the organic matter content of 65%;
2. chelating pretreatment
Fully mixing 80kg of organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent with 290kg of humic acid ammonium, and carrying out chelation pretreatment to prepare a mixture A;
3. mixing and granulating
Mixing 260kg of urea with 60kg of common calcium to obtain a mixture B; adding the mixture A into a roller granulator, adding 150kg of potassium sulfate, 60kg of monoammonium phosphate and 100kg of adhesive into the roller granulator, adding the mixture B and 150kg of water to form a granulation liquid, and utilizing the calcium superphosphate to contact with urea to generate a proper amount of free acid to assist granulation;
adding sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution which accounts for 2 per mill of the total mass of the granulating liquid into a roller granulatorGranulating to obtain the finished product with the particle size of 1 mm-4.75 mm. N, K in the final product2O and P205The total nutrient content is 24.52 percent, the organic matter content is 18.85 percent, and the water content is 12 percent.
Example 2
A water-retaining drought-resisting long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is characterized in that:
1) the compound fertilizer consists of the following raw materials:
n, P therein205And K2The total nutrient content of O is 35.25%, the organic matter content is 15%, and the water content is 10%.
The organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent is an agricultural and forest drought-resistant water-retaining agent produced by North China chemical Co.
The preparation method of the water-retaining drought-resisting long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of ammonium humate
1) As shown in fig. 1, weathered coal (or young lignite) with the organic matter content of 70%, the humic acid content of 45% and the free water content of 18% is sieved by a 70-mesh sieve, put into a special stirring cylinder with a drainage chamber at the bottom, added with water for stirring, pumped out by using the centrifugal separation principle to form a layered columnar body, and a humic acid-containing substance layer is selected;
2) 300kg of ammonium bicarbonate with the N content of 17.1 percent is mixed with 115kg of water in a heat-preservation sealed container in advance, and the mixture is stirred and dissolved;
3) adding the selected humic acid-containing substance layer into the ammonium bicarbonate solution, and preparing materials according to the proportion that 1.9 mol of ammonium is needed for each mol of ammonium humate, and directly carrying out ammoniation reaction; the mixture is fully stirred and stored in a sealed curing bin or a bag with an outer layer woven with a plastic lining, and is stored and cured for 5 days at 40-50 ℃ (or stored and cured for 15 days at room temperature), so as to prepare the ammonium humate with the nitrogen content of 4% and the organic matter content of 75%.
2. Chelating pretreatment
Fully mixing 60kg of organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent with 200kg of humic acid ammonium part, and carrying out chelation pretreatment to prepare a mixture A;
3. mixing and granulating
Mixing 200kg of urea with 50kg of common calcium to obtain a mixture B; adding the mixture A into a roller granulator, adding 180kg of potassium sulfate, 250kg of monoammonium phosphate and 60kg of adhesive into the roller granulator, adding the mixture B and 120kg of water to form a granulation liquid, and utilizing the calcium superphosphate to contact with urea to generate a proper amount of free acid to assist in granulation;
adding sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution which accounts for 4 per mill of the total mass of the granulating liquid into a roller granulator, and granulating to obtain a finished product with the particle size of 1-3 mm. N, P in the final product205And K2The total nutrient content of O is 35.25%, the organic matter content is 15%, and the water content is 10%.
Comparative test
Adopts the compound fertilizer which is produced by the Yong group fertilizer industry Co Ltd in Liaoning and executes the GB 18877-2009 organic-inorganic compound fertilizer standard, and has total nutrient (N + K)2O+P205) 35 percent, 15 percent of organic matter content, 10 percent of water, less than or equal to 3mm of grain diameter and design test number A.
The compound fertilizer prepared by the invention has a design test number B.
In sandy soil (the border of 308 provinces) and the same plots with medium fertilizer content (the soil condition provided by a soil fertilizer station in Linghai city, Liaoning, that is, 1.80% of organic matters, 90mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 6mg/kg of available phosphorus, 95mg/kg of available potassium and 0.75mg/kg of available zinc).
Planting crops: corn (corn)
Average annual rainfall is 500-.
TABLE 1
Note:
first, 2015 year A, B test No. GB 18877-2009 compound organic-inorganic fertilizer standard2O+P205) 35 percent, 15 percent of organic matter content and less than or equal to 3mm of grain diameter; the compound fertilizer of the present invention was not applied. The purpose is to test the five-year water retention and fertilizer retention effects of the compound fertilizer.
No additional fertilizer is applied to A, B test fields.
And (3) analyzing the summary:
1. the investment cost of the water-retaining agent is 80 yuan/mu (2014).
2. The B is increased by 110kg (20%) compared with the A (2014), and is 176 yuan according to the selling price of 1.60 yuan/kg of corn, and the income is increased by 184 yuan/mu.
3. The B income is increased by 184 yuan/mu compared with the A (2015).
4. Because 2014 and 2015 are both dry years, the water and fertilizer retention effect is obvious.
5. By applying the water-retention drought-resistance long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the drought-resistance water-retention and fertilizer-retention effects (the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved) and the income increase of farmers are ensured; other effects of protecting environment and improving soil cannot be ignored.
Example 3
A water-retaining drought-resisting long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is characterized in that:
1) the compound fertilizer consists of the following raw materials:
the organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent is an agriculture and forestry water-retaining agent produced by Shenzhen drought protection technology Limited, and the adhesive is bentonite.
The preparation method of the water-retaining drought-resisting long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of ammonium humate
1) As shown in fig. 1, weathered coal (or young lignite) with 68% of organic matter content, 42% of humic acid content and 19% of free water content is sieved by a 80-mesh sieve, put into a special stirring cylinder with a drainage chamber at the bottom, added with water for stirring, and then the water in the drainage chamber is pumped out to be layered columnar bodies, and a humic acid-containing substance layer is selected;
2) 280kg of ammonium bicarbonate with the N content of 17.2 percent is mixed with 110kg of water in a heat-preservation sealed container in advance, and the mixture is stirred and dissolved;
3) adding the selected humic acid-containing substance layer into the ammonium bicarbonate solution, and preparing the materials according to the proportion that 2.0 mol of ammonium is needed for each mol of ammonium humate, and directly carrying out ammoniation reaction; the mixture is fully stirred and stored in a sealed curing bin or a bag with an outer layer woven with a plastic lining, and is stored and cured for 6 days at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ (or stored and cured for 12 days at room temperature), so as to prepare the ammonium humate with the nitrogen content of 4% and the organic matter content of 68%.
2. Chelating pretreatment
Fully mixing 90kg of organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent with 340kg of prepared ammonium humate, and carrying out chelation pretreatment to prepare a mixture A;
3. mixing and granulating
Mixing 220kg of urea with 55kg of common calcium to obtain a mixture B; adding the mixture A into a roller granulator, adding 120kg of potassium sulfate, 100kg of monoammonium phosphate and 75kg of adhesive into the roller granulator, adding the mixture B and 80kg of water to form a granulation liquid, and utilizing calcium superphosphate to contact urea to generate a proper amount of free acid to assist granulation;
adding sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution which accounts for 3 per mill of the total mass of the granulating liquid into a roller granulatorGranulating to obtain the finished product with the grain diameter less than or equal to 4 mm. N, K in the final product2O and P205The content is 23.98%, the organic matter content is 23.12%, and the water content is 8%.
The quality indexes of the three products all meet and exceed the requirements of organic-inorganic compound fertilizers in GB/8877-2009, so the three products are quite popular in the agricultural field.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A water-retention drought-resistant long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is characterized in that:
the feed consists of the following raw materials:
200 portions and 260 portions of urea;
120 portions of potassium sulfate and 200 portions of potassium sulfate;
60-300 parts of monoammonium phosphate;
50-60 parts of common calcium;
150-350 parts of ammonium humate with the organic matter content being not less than 65%;
60-100 parts of organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent;
60-100 parts of an adhesive;
n, P therein205And K2The total nutrient content of O is 20-40%, the organic matter content is 8-25%, and the water content is 8-12%;
the organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent is synthesized by adopting inorganic mineral substances and acrylic acid which do not influence the expansion coefficient when meeting salt solution;
the ammonium humate with the organic matter content being not less than 65% is prepared according to the following steps:
1) selecting weathered coal or young lignite with the organic matter content of more than or equal to 65 percent, the humic acid content of more than or equal to 40 percent and the free water content of less than or equal to 20 percent, and sieving the weathered coal or the young lignite by a sieve of 60-80 meshes; putting the undersize into a special mixing drum with a drainage chamber at the bottom, adding water for mixing, evacuating water in the drainage chamber by using a centrifugal separation principle to enable the water to be in a layered columnar body, and selecting a humic acid-containing substance layer;
2) mixing 250-300 parts of ammonium bicarbonate with the N content of more than or equal to 17 percent in a heat-preservation sealed container with 115 parts of 105-fold water in advance by mass part, and stirring for dissolving;
3) adding the humic acid-containing substance layer into an ammonium bicarbonate solution, and preparing materials according to the proportion that 1.8-2.0 mol of ammonium is needed for each mol of ammonium humate, and directly carrying out ammoniation reaction; the ammonium humate is prepared by fully stirring, storing in a sealed aging bin or a bag with an outer layer woven with a plastic lining, and aging at 20-50 deg.C for 5-7 days or at room temperature for 10-15 days.
2. The water-retaining drought-resistant long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the compound fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
200 parts of urea;
180 parts of potassium sulfate;
250 parts of monoammonium phosphate;
50 parts of common calcium;
200 parts of humic acid ammonium;
60 parts of organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent;
60 parts of an adhesive;
n, P therein205And K2The total nutrient content of O is 35.25%, the organic matter content is 15%, and the water content is 10%.
3. The method for preparing the water-retention drought-resistant long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that:
the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) chelating pretreatment
Fully mixing an organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent with ammonium humate with the organic matter content being not less than 65%, and carrying out chelation pretreatment to obtain a mixture A;
2) mixing and granulating
Mixing urea and calcium superphosphate to obtain a mixture B; adding the mixture A into a rollerAdding potassium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate and adhesive into a roller granulator, adding a mixture B and water to form a granulation liquid, wherein the adding amount of the water is 7-15% of the total mass of urea, the potassium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate, the calcium superphosphate, the ammonium humate, the organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent and the adhesive, adding a sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution accounting for 1-5 per mill of the total mass of the granulation liquid into the roller granulator, and granulating to obtain a finished product, wherein N, P per mill of the total mass of the finished product is obtained by granulating205And K2The total nutrient content of O is 20-40%, the organic matter content is 8-25%, and the water content is less than or equal to 12%.
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| CN101905999A (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2010-12-08 | 北京谷田兴盛农业科技发展有限公司 | Humic acid sustained and controlled release fertilizer and production method thereof |
| CN105272640A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-01-27 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Humic-acid slow-release fertilizer rods and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102557811A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2012-07-11 | 王海炜 | Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer |
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| CN101905999A (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2010-12-08 | 北京谷田兴盛农业科技发展有限公司 | Humic acid sustained and controlled release fertilizer and production method thereof |
| CN105272640A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-01-27 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Humic-acid slow-release fertilizer rods and preparation method thereof |
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