ES2361874A1 - Chemical fertilizers coated with microorganisms and procedure for preparation (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Chemical fertilizers coated with microorganisms and procedure for their preparation. The present invention relates to nitrogenous or phosphatic elemental chemical fertilizers, np compound fertilizers, pk compound fertilizers or npk compound fertilizers, coated with microorganisms. The microorganisms are selected mainly from acidovorax facilis, bacillus oleronius, bacillus lentimorbus, bacillus marinus, bacillus megaterium and cellulomonas fimi, and their mixtures, and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria of the genus pseudomonas putida. A process for the preparation of the aforementioned fertilizers is also described. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Chemical fertilizers coated with microorganisms and Procedure for its preparation.

Field of the Invention

The present invention belongs to the field of chemical fertilizers and fertilizers, coated with microorganisms, which they have improved properties that allow to obtain an improvement significant in the production of various crops.

Background of the invention

The use of microorganisms in agriculture It is a common practice. The best known examples are related to the inoculation of leguminous seeds with atmospheric nitrogen fixing bacteria of the genus Rhizobium, or the introduction of mycorrhizae in the rhizosphere of woody plants, or the use of inoculants in the production of fodder and matter Organic composted There are also various commercial products based on nitrogen fixing bacteria (Azotobacter, Azospirillum, etc.), phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and concentrates of various species and strains. The applicant of the The present invention also markets a suspension of microorganisms, for direct application to the soil.

Chinese patent CN1966663 describes an agent bacterial that can be sprayed on soil and plants, with in order to increase crop production, and that is obtained by fermentation.

Chinese patent CN1911870 discloses a liquid compound microbial fertilizer for application to soil or leaves, as well as the method for its preparation.

Chinese patent CN1844359 discloses an agent recombinant microbial used in an organic fertilizer functional and the procedure for its preparation.

Chinese patent CN1762919 refers to a microbial product and its preparation and use in fertilizers organic

Chinese patent CN1669991 refers to a synergistic agent for fertilizers, which contains bacteria, and at procedure for its preparation and use.

Russian patent RU2286321 refers to a Sapropel-based fertilizer, to improve the fertility of the soil and the procedure for its production.

South Korean patent KR910004865B discloses a fertilizer mixed with microorganisms and the procedure for its preparation.

Chinese patent CN1504440 refers to a Potassium-based microbiological fertilizer, which increases the crop production and soil fertility.

Chinese patent CN1793070 discloses a fertilizer with microorganisms in an adsorbent material and the Procedure for its preparation.

Chinese patent CN1624111 reveals a new potassium bacteria and a new procedure for the preparation of a new microbial fertilizer that contains the mentioned bacteria.

Chinese patent CN1624110 refers to a new phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and a new procedure for the preparation of a new microbial fertilizer that contains the mentioned bacteria.

Chinese patent application CN101054568 is refers to a microbial composition, for organic fertilizer, containing Azobacter sp.

Dutch patent NL1005259 describes a microflora enhancing agent, for application to the ground, optionally together with a fertilizer.

South Korean patent KR20040030777 provides a microbial fertilizer that protects the accumulation of salt in the ground.

Japanese patent applications JP2006016385 and JP2006016386 are related to a composition which contains stably preserved microorganisms and their application.

Chinese patent CN1410396 refers to a biological fertilizer, which contains microorganisms and their ground application.

Compendium of the invention

The present invention discloses new fertilizers Nitrogenous or phosphated chemicals or NP, PK or NPK compounds coated with microorganisms, as well as the procedure for obtaining by drum coating, at the end of the procedure production. These new fertilizers have improved properties in relationship with those of the prior art, allowing to obtain a significant improvement in crops, also being beneficial For the enviroment.

Detailed description of the invention Exhibition of the invention

The fertilizers of the invention constitute a new concept of payment that is obtained as a result of the impregnation of chemical fertilizers with microorganisms. It is an innovative technology and that leads to optimal results long proven by dozens of experimental trials.

The microorganisms establish a strong synergy with fertilizer nutrients, interact in a way almost symbiotic with the roots of plants and transform the soil organic matter in humus, with great benefits for environment.

Microorganisms directly intervene in the nutrient cycle, through its enzymatic activity, the solubilization of salts and poorly soluble compounds that block the access of plants to nutrients, mobilization of more nutrients from the exchange complex and participation in oxidation-reduction reactions that also do Affordable nutrients.

The direct result of the fertilizers of the invention is the highest availability of nutrients in solution in the soil, which causes further root development with the consequent increase in the exudation of sugars, amino acids and acids organic to the rhizosphere, whose energy stimulates all life soil microbial. This active and complex microbial life not only increases nutrient availability, but also releases phytohormones and essential substances in physiology Vegetable - including auxins, cytokinins, flavonoids and vitamins - and actively contributes to the suppression of agents soil pathogens. Simultaneously, the active microbial population intervenes directly in the decomposition processes of the organic matter and humus formation, with the inherent benefits Environmental: pH stabilization, leaching prevention of nutrients to the water tables, heavy metal chelation, etc.

In short, microorganisms and bacteria phosphorus solubilizers of the fertilizers of the invention influence plant development and lead to increases in production, for a complex set of mechanisms that include:

-

non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation atmospheric and nitrogen availability little susceptible to leach

-

solubilization of insoluble salts of match;

-

increased calcium, magnesium reserves and potassium in cation exchange complexes;

-

sulfur availability and micronutrients;

-

stimulation of mycorrhizae formation with greater use of water and nutrients;

-

Liberation of phyto-hormones and other substances promoting root and vegetative growth, including auxins, cytokinins, flavonoids, vitamins and amino acids;

-

suppression of pathogens from ground;

-

environmental quality improvements ground-floor system.

Fertilizers coated with microorganisms, from present invention, they are more effective because:

one)

their Nutrients are better absorbed by plants,

2)

have lower losses in the ground,

3)

the microorganisms have a direct action on root development and vegetative crops, providing better nourished plants, more vigorous and productive,

4)

originate larger productions than uncoated fertilizers,

5)

allow the use of minors dose of fertilizer.

Objects of the invention

A first object of the invention is nitrogen or phosphate elementary chemical fertilizers, NP compound fertilizers, PK compound fertilizers or NPK compound fertilizers, which are coated with a suspension of 0.2% to 0.6% of microorganisms selected from from Acidovorax facilis, Bacillus oleronius, Bacillus lentimorbus, Bacillus marinus, Bacillus megaterium and Cellulomonas fimi , and mixtures thereof.

The authors of the present invention verified, during the tests carried out, that the percentage Above mentioned for impregnation / coating is the most adequate in terms of efficiency, quality / cost ratio and Characteristics of the final product. On the one hand, an impregnation less than 0.2% will not lead to agronomic results, which translate into production increases and efficiency gains of nutrient utilization by crops, if compared with fertilizers not impregnated / coated with microorganisms. For another side an impregnation greater than 0.6% is industrially unfeasible by imply an excessive increase in the moisture content of fertilizer granules, as well as negative consequences at the level of hardness and stability of the granules, which should have contents of total humidity not greater than 3%, to avoid compaction inside the fertilizer sacks, during pallet storage (the moisture content of the granules, before impregnation, already it is normally of the order of 2.5%).

It should be noted that the different species of mentioned microorganisms are in stable forms and in high concentrations Biostimulants are nitrogen and humic acids present in solution and constitute the base food to stimulate microbial activity. Biochemical compounds are the result of the manufacturing process of the suspension of microorganisms, and they are mainly enzymes, organic acids and hormones This raw material is manufactured from microorganisms that exist naturally in agricultural soils or in manure, and that are isolated, selected and multiplied with the help of various fermentative extracts, and subsequently stabilize, so they are ready to take action when they are in presence of favorable conditions.

Chemical fertilizers used in the preparation of the coated fertilizers of the invention are selected from from:

to)

elementary chemical fertilizers nitrogen containing a proportion of N between 15 and 44%;

b)

NP compound fertilizers containing a proportion of N between 5 and 30% and of P 2 O 5 between 5 and 48%;

C)

NPK compound fertilizers containing a proportion of N between 5 and 30%, of P 2 O 5 between 5 and 50% and a proportion of K 2 O between 5 and 50%;

d)

phosphate elemental chemical fertilizers containing a proportion of P 2 O 5 between 5 and 48%;

and)

PK compound fertilizers containing a proportion of P 2 O 5 between 5 and 50% and a proportion of K 2 O between 5 and 50%.

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A second object of the invention is a procedure for the preparation of chemical fertilizers coated with microorganisms, obtained by mixing suitable raw materials (among others, urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonia, ammonium nitrate, apatite, calcium superphosphate, phosphoric acid, phosphate diamonium, potassium chlorate, potassium sulfate, sulfuric acid, magnesite, micronutrients), followed by granulation, drying and screening, a procedure that consists of, at the end of the procedure, in the coating drum where the products are added Anti-caking agents, spray all the fertilizer granules with the microorganisms

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Examples Result of tests with fertilizers coated with microorganisms, selected from Acidovorax facilis, Bacillus oleronius, Bacillus lentimorbus, Bacillus marinus, Bacillus megaterium and Cellulomonas fimi , and mixtures thereof

Example one

Type of crop : Carrot

Soil characteristics : Coarse texture; pH: 6.8; MO: 1.6%; P 2 O 5: 873 ppm; K 2 O: 276 ppm

NPK fertilizer dose ; 1000 kg / ha from 12-12-18

one

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Comment : Fertilizers coated with the mentioned microorganisms provided a significant increase in production, even in a crop at the threshold of maximum production.

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Example 2

Type of crop : Carrot

Soil characteristics : Sandy

NPK fertilizer dose : 650 (520) kg / ha from 10-25-13

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Comment : Fertilizers coated with the mentioned microorganisms provided a significant increase in production, even when 80% of the nutrients are used. Foliar analyzes show increases in nutrient concentration in dry matter, despite the increase in biomass production; The known dilution effect was not verified, demonstrating that the nutrients were absorbed more effectively.

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Example 3

Type of crop : Sweet potato

Soil characteristics : Franco-sandy; pH: 6.1; MO: 1.3%; P 2 O 5: 632 ppm; K 2 O: 84 ppm

NPK fertilizer dose ; 1000 kg / ha from 6-20-18

4

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5

Comment : Fertilizers coated with the mentioned microorganisms provided a significant increase in production. Foliar analyzes show increases in nutrient concentration in dry matter, despite the increase in biomass production; The known dilution effect was not verified, demonstrating that the nutrients were absorbed more effectively.

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Example 4

Type of crop : Sweet potato

Soil characteristics : Sandy

NPK fertilizer dose ; 1000 kg / ha from 6-20-18

6

Comment : Fertilizers coated with the mentioned microorganisms provided a significant increase in production.

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Example 5

Type of crop : Sweet potato

Soil characteristics : Sandy; pH: 5.7; MO: 1.2%; P 2 O 5: 160 ppm; K 2 O: 36 ppm

NPK fertilizer dose : 950 (760) kg / ha 6-18-27

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Comment : Fertilizers coated with the mentioned microorganisms provided a significant increase in production, even when 80% of the nutrients are used.

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Example 6

Type of crop : Grasses + forage legumes

Soil characteristics : Intermediate texture; pH: 5.9; MO: 2.0%; P 2 O 5: 190 ppm; K 2 O: 200 ppm

NPK fertilizer dose : 250 (200) kg / ha of 15-15-15

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Comment : Fertilizers coated with the mentioned microorganisms provided a significant increase in production in both green and dry matter, even when 80% of the nutrients are used.

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Example 7

Type of crop : Oats

Soil characteristics : Intermediate texture; pH: 5.9; MO: 1.3%; P 2 O 5: 45 ppm; K 2 O: 109 ppm

NPK fertilizer dose : 200 (160) kg / ha of 5-20-5

9

Comment : Fertilizers coated with the mentioned microorganisms provided a significant increase in production, even when 80% of the nutrients are used.

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Example 8

Type of crop : Barley

Soil characteristics : Heavy texture; pH: neutral; MO: low; P 2 O 5:> 200 ppm; K 2 O:> 200 ppm

NPK fertilizer dose : 300 (240) kg / ha of 15-15-15

10

Comment : Fertilizers coated with the mentioned microorganisms provided a significant increase in production, even when 80% of the nutrients are used.

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Example 9

Type of crop : Wheat

Soil characteristics : Heavy texture; pH: neutral; MO: low; P 2 O 5:> 200 ppm; K 2 O:> 200 ppm

NPK fertilizer dose : 300 (240) kg / ha of 15-15-15

eleven

Comment : Fertilizers coated with the mentioned microorganisms provided a significant increase in production, even when 80% of the nutrients are used.

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Result of tests with fertilizers coated with phosphorus solubilizing bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas putida

Example 10

Type of crop : Grasses of grass + legumes

Soil characteristics : Coarse texture; pH: 5.6; MO: 1.6%; P 2 O 5: 99 ppm; K 2 O: 152 ppm

NPK fertilizer dose : 40 N -120 P 2 O 5 - 120 K 2 O / ha

12

Comment : Fertilizers coated with phosphorus solubilizing bacteria provided a significant increase in green matter production.

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Example eleven

Type of crop : Grasses of grass + legumes

Soil characteristics : Heavy texture; pH: 7.7; MO: 0.5%; P 2 O 5: 232 ppm; K 2 O: 76 ppm

NPK fertilizer dose : 32 N - 95 P 2 O 5 - 95 K 2 O / ha

13

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14

Comment : Fertilizers coated with phosphorus solubilizing bacteria provided a significant increase in production, both of green matter and dry matter.

Example 12

Type of crop : Grasses + forage legumes

Soil characteristics : Intermediate texture; pH: 5.9; MO: 1.0%; P 2 O 5: 156 ppm; K 2 O: 118 ppm

NPK fertilizer dose : 20 N - 27 P 2 O 5 - 30 K 2 O / ha

fifteen

16

Comment : Fertilizers coated with phosphorus solubilizing bacteria provided a significant increase in production, both of green matter and dry matter. The greater extraction of nutrients is the result of a greater concentration of nutrients in the leaves and a greater production.

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Example 13

Type of crop : Grasses + forage legumes

Soil characteristics : Intermediate texture; pH: 5.5; MO: -; P 2 O 5: 80 ppm; K 2 O: 150 ppm

NPK fertilizer dose : 21 N - 63 P 2 O 5 - 21 K 2 O / ha

17

18

Comment : Fertilizers coated with phosphorus solubilizing bacteria provided a significant increase in production, both of green matter and dry matter. The greater extraction of nutrients is the result of a greater concentration of nutrients in the leaves and a greater production.

Example 14

Type of crop : Forage (triticale)

Soil characteristics : Heavy texture; pH: acid; MO: -; P 2 O 5: 86 ppm; K 2 O: 75 ppm

NPK fertilizer dose : 30 N - 90 P 2 O 5 - 40 K 2 O / ha

19

twenty

Comment : Fertilizers coated with phosphorus solubilizing bacteria provided a significant increase in production, both of green matter and dry matter. The greater extraction of nutrients is the result of a greater concentration of nutrients in the leaves and a greater production.

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Example fifteen

Type of crop : Grasses

Soil characteristics:; ; MO: -; P 2 O 5: 56 ppm; K 2 O: ppm

NPK fertilizer dose : 21 N - 63 P 2 O 5 - 95 K 2 O / ha

twenty-one

22

Comment : Fertilizers coated with phosphorus solubilizing bacteria provided a significant increase in production, both of green matter and dry matter. The greater extraction of nutrients is the result of a greater concentration of nutrients in the leaves and a greater production.

Example 16

Type of crop : Barley

Soil characteristics : Medium texture; pH: 7.6; MO: -; P 2 O 5: 133 ppm; K 2 O: 360 ppm

NPK fertilizer dose : 36 N - 90 P 2 O 5 - 40 K 2 O / ha

2. 3

24

Comment : Fertilizers coated with phosphorus solubilizing bacteria provided a significant increase in production, both of green matter and dry matter. Foliar analyzes indicate increases in nutrient concentration in dry matter, despite the increase in biomass production; The known dilution effect was not verified, demonstrating that the nutrients were absorbed more effectively.

Claims (7)

1. Nitrogen or phosphate elementary chemical fertilizers, NP compound fertilizers, PK compound fertilizers or NPK compound fertilizers, characterized in that they are coated with a suspension of 0.2% to 0.6% of microorganisms selected from Acidovorax facilis, Bacillus oleronius , Bacillus lentimorbus, Bacillus marinus, Bacillus megaterium and Cellulomonas fimi , and mixtures thereof. 2. Fertilizers according to claim 1, characterized in that they are nitrogenous chemical chemical fertilizers containing a proportion of N between 15% and 44%. 3. Fertilizers according to claim 1, characterized in that they are NP compound fertilizers containing a proportion of N between 5% and 30% and of P2O5 between 5% and 48%. 4. Fertilizers according to claim 1, characterized in that they are NPK compound fertilizers containing a proportion of N between 5% and 30%, of P2O5 between 5% and 50% and a proportion of K_ {2} Or between 5% and 50%. 5. Fertilizers according to claim 1, characterized in that they are phosphated elementary chemical fertilizers containing a proportion of P2O5 between 5% and 48%. 6. Fertilizers according to claim 1, characterized in that they are PK compound fertilizers containing a proportion of P2O5 between 5% and 50% and a proportion of K2O between 5% and 50 %. 7. Procedure for obtaining the chemical fertilizers mentioned in claims 1 to 6, prepared by mixing the appropriate raw materials, followed by granulation, drying and screening, characterized in that, at the end of the procedure, in the coating drum where the anti-caking products are added, the fertilizer granules are sprayed with the microorganisms.