CN103172447B - Special controlled-release fertilizer for biological control of soil-borne diseases of watermelons, and preparation method and application of fertilizer - Google Patents
Special controlled-release fertilizer for biological control of soil-borne diseases of watermelons, and preparation method and application of fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a special controlled-release fertilizer for biological control of soil-borne diseases of watermelons, and a preparation method and application of the fertilizer. The special controlled-release fertilizer comprises biological-control pesticidal fertilizer, sulfurated high-molecular polymer coated urea, humic-acid coated urea, humic-acid coated potassium sulfate and diammonium phosphate in proportion, wherein the biological-control pesticidal fertilizer is formed by compounding and granulating a solid culture, urea and diatomite, and the solid culture is prepared from actinomycetes and pochonia chlamydosporia through solid cultivation in the prior art. The invention also provides the preparation method and the application of the special controlled-release fertilizer for the watermelons. According to the nutrient need rule of the watermelons, the biological-control pesticidal fertilizer is matched with controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, phosphatic fertilizer and potassic fertilizer, and the special controlled-release fertilizer not only provides a biological disease preventing function to the watermelons, but also enables nutrient release to meet a watermelon absorbing requirement. Field experiments prove that the special fertilizer has a good effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to watermelon control released fertilizer special of a kind of biological control soil-borne disease and preparation method thereof and application, belong to release and release control fertilizer and produce and applied technical field.
Background technology
China is the major country of production of watermelon, and its cultivated area accounts for the more than 50% of the world, and it is more than 70 that output is world wide production, all ranks first in the world.Along with the expansion of China's growth of watermelon scale, the generation of disease is also day by day serious, has affected the further sound development of growth of watermelon industry.
So-called soil-borne disease refers to the general name of carrying out Plant diseases propagation using soil as medium, and its germ can survive several years in soil.The soil-borne disease of watermelon mainly contains damping-off, samping off, root rot, root knot nematode disease, epidemic disease etc.The soil-borne disease majority of watermelon infects at watermelon seedling stage, and watermelon mainly adopts transplanting method plantation, can injure unavoidably root system in transplanting process, has created more chance to courses of infection.Medication again when current common disease-preventing method is morbidity, but late, and not only fail to contain the trend that disease rises taking chemical prevention as main measure, but also suppress the beneficial microorganism in soil, cause pathogenic bacteria to develop immunity to drugs, cause objectionable impurities residual, contaminate environment simultaneously.Biological control soil-borne disease is safe, effective and has the method for bright prospects.
CN102241540A(201010168626.5) a kind of production method of fertilizer special for watermelon is disclosed.This fertilizer is to aim at cultivating watermelon according to the nutrient uptake feature of watermelon to develop.It is rich in the various trace elements such as the necessary nitrogen of watermelon growing, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, humic acid and calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, boron, copper.Wherein nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are: nitrogen 13～15, phosphorus 9～11, potassium 9～11.After being manured into soil, can make watermelon prematurity, early sit melon, early maturation, drought-relief, waterlogging-preventing, improve quality, after using, can make increasing yield of water melons 15%～20%, improve soluble sugar 1～3 and spend.CN1721370(02114372.2) relate to a kind of fertilizer special for watermelon.It is characterized in that: fertilizer special for watermelon total nutrient 30～35%, formula rate is N: P2O5: K2O=(12～13): (6～8): (12～14), and add specialist additive.Adopt the prepared fertilizer special for watermelon of this invention, can make watermelon growing way good, fruit-setting rate is high, single melon weightening finish, and curcumbitate is attractive in appearance, and output improves 15～20% left and right, improves quality of watermelon.
CN101186546(200710115545.7) relate to a kind of watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof.With 4% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping saltpetre, 5% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping saltpetre, 4% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea, 5% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, diammonium phosphate etc., component is composite makes.This watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer is once to apply as base manure prior to seeding, needn't topdress, and effect of increasing production is better, improves utilization rate of fertilizer, saving of labor, laborsaving.
Nutrient supply when above-mentioned fertilizer special for watermelon has mainly been considered watermelon growing, does not possess disease-proof functions.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of a kind of biological control soil-borne disease and preparation method thereof and application.
Summary of the invention
The present invention utilizes existing microorganism culturing technology, biocontrol microorganisms actinomycetes and the thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium with disease-proof functions are carried out coordinating with urea, diatomite after solid culture again, be prepared into granular biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer through granulation process, then according to the nutrient demand rule of watermelon, coordinate with Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer fertile biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine, produce watermelon control released fertilizer special.This fertilizer not only provides biological disease-preventing function for watermelon, also makes nutrient discharge and meets watermelon absorption requirement.Through overtesting, obtain good effect.
Term explanation:
Biocontrol microorganisms: be that a class can be brought out it and produced resistance or secretion antibacterial substance in host plant, affect the breeding, growth of pathogenic bacteria until death; Or by parasitization, antibiosis, Competition, predation etc., reduce the infection rate of pathogenic bacteria.Actinomycetes in the present invention and thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium all belong to biocontrol microorganisms.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease, raw materials quality part is:
80～150 parts of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer,
Sulphur adds 80～150 parts of high molecular polymer coated carbamides,
150～250 parts of humic acid coated carbamides,
280～380 parts of humic acid coating potassium sulfate,
200～300 parts of diammonium phosphate.
Described biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer is that solid culture and urea, the composite granulation of diatomite prepared through solid culture by prior art respectively by actinomycetes and thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium make; Wherein,
40～60 parts of actinomycetes solid cultures, containing actinomycetes conidium 3 ╳ 10
10individual/g～5 ╳ 10
10individual/g;
40～60 parts of thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid cultures, containing thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 1 ╳ 10
11individual/g～3 ╳ 10
11individual/g;
5～15 parts, urea, 20～40 parts, diatomite.
Wherein, preferred, described urea is powdery, 2～4 millimeters of the fertile grain diameters of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine.
Prepare respectively the solid culture of biocontrol actinomycetes and the thick wall spore of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion Pu Keniya bacterium by existing solid culture technology, actinomycetes solid culture is containing actinomycetes conidium 3 ╳ 10
10individual/g～5 ╳ 10
10individual/g, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid culture is containing thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 1 ╳ 10
11individual/g～3 ╳ 10
11individual/g; Respectively described actinomycetes solid culture is dried under ° C condition of 50 ° of C～60 to levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves; Thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid culture is dried under ° C condition of 30 ° of C～40, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves; For subsequent use.
According to the present invention, described actinomycetes bacterial classification is selected from actinobacillus capsulatus (Actinobacillus Actinobacillus) or Actinomycesa lmadurae (Actionadura sp.).Wherein preferred, the ACCC11051 of the preferred Chinese agriculture microbial strains of described actinobacillus capsulatus preservation administrative center (Agricultural Culture Collection of China english abbreviation ACCC), the ACCC40497 of the preferred Chinese agriculture microbial strains of described Actinomycesa lmadurae preservation administrative center.
According to the present invention, described thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium (Pochonia chlamydosporia) is ACCC30606 or the ACCC30607 of Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center preferably.
It is taking granular urea as core core fertilizer that described sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide, first sprays inner cladding sulphur film, then sprays surrounding layer polymer membrane and make; Wherein, it is 18～22wt% that inner cladding sulphur film accounts for core core fertilizer quality per-cent, polymer membrane accounts for the 3wt% that is coated with fertiliser granulates total mass after sulphur, preferred, and high polymer film-coated material is the mixing with 9: 1 mass ratioes of novolac epoxy and triethylene tetramine.Wherein, 2～3 millimeters of core core fertilizer urea preferred particulates particle diameters.
Described humic acid membrane wrapping urea, is taking granular urea as core core fertilizer, spray one layer binder outside core core fertilizer, spray again the weathered coal of the air-dry pulverizing of one deck, after solidifying, repeat 1 time, reach binding agent and account for 0.8～1.2wt% of the fertile quality of core core, weathered coal accounts for 5.0～7.0wt% of the fertile quality of core core.Described binding agent is that epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine are mixed by the mass ratio of 1: 0.10.Humic acid membrane wrapping urea is commercially available prod, Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd. is on sale, also can be by patent document CN100556866C(200810139610.4) disclosed " a kind of humic acid control-releasing fertilizer and preparation method thereof " preparation, the present invention quotes the full text of this patent document as prior art.Wherein, 2～4 millimeters of core core fertilizer urea preferable particle size.
Described humic acid coating potassium sulfate is taking granular potassium sulfate as core core fertilizer, spray one layer binder outside core core fertilizer, then spray the weathered coal of the air-dry pulverizing of one deck, after solidifying, repeat 1 time, reach 0.6～1.0wt% that binding agent accounts for the fertile quality of core core, weathered coal accounts for 4.0～6.0wt% of the fertile quality of core core.Described binding agent is that epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine are mixed by the mass ratio of 1: 0.10.2～4 millimeters of core core fertilizer potassium sulfate preferable particle size.
Preferred according to the present invention, the weathered coal using in described humic acid membrane wrapping urea, humic acid coating potassium sulfate is crossed 100 mesh sieves.
Urea of the present invention is nitrogenous 46%, and diammonium phosphate is nitrogenous 18%, containing Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 46%, particle diameter 2-4mm.Be commercially available prod.
According to the present invention, preferred, the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease, raw materials quality part is:
95～105 parts of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer,
Sulphur adds 105～115 parts of high molecular polymer coated carbamides,
230～250 parts of humic acid coated carbamides,
290～310 parts of humic acid coating potassium sulfate,
240～260 parts of diammonium phosphate.
The solid culture of actinomycetes of the present invention, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium is by existing solid culture technology preparation.The invention provides following method as preferred version, but be not limited to this, be described in detail as follows:
A. the preparation of actinomycetes solid culture:
Make actinomycetes inclined-plane seed by prior art, adopt PDA substratum.PDA culture medium prescription: potato 200g, glucose 20g, agar 16g, water 1000g; By actinomycetes inclined-plane seed sterilized water wash-out, be prepared into containing actinomycetes conidium 1 ╳ 10
7individual/g～3 ╳ 10
7the suspension of individual/g; 3～5wt% is by this suspension access sterilising liq substratum in mass ratio.Liquid culture based formulas is: Zulkovsky starch 15g, yeast extract paste 15g, potassium primary phosphate 0.5g, calcium carbonate 0.5g, sodium-chlor 0.5g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, water 1000g; Under 28 ° of C, 150 revs/min of conditions, cultivate 3～5 days, obtain seed liquor, bacterium liquid is containing conidium 1 ╳ 10
9individual/g～3 ╳ 10
9individual/g;
Press Semen Maydis powder: rice meal: Testa Tritici=2: the mass ratio of 2: 1 mixes, and obtains solid material.By solid material: quality ratio is to prepare solid medium at 1: 0.5.Seed liquor is accessed sterilizing solid medium by inoculum size with mass ratio 10～18wt%.Under 26 ° of C～28 ° C conditions, cultivate 6～10 days, reach solid culture containing actinomycetes conidium 3 ╳ 10
10individual/g～5 ╳ 10
10individual/g;
Actinomycetes solid culture is dried under ° C condition of 50 ° of C～60, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves, for subsequent use.
B. the preparation of thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid culture:
The preparation of thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium inclined-plane seed is identical with actinomycetes; By inclined-plane seed sterilized water wash-out, be prepared into containing thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium conidium 1 ╳ 10
6individual/g～3 ╳ 10
6the suspension of individual/g; 5～8wt% is by this suspension access sterilising liq substratum in mass ratio.Liquid culture based formulas is: Semen Maydis powder 150g, SODIUMNITRATE 1g, sodium-chlor 0.7g, water 1000g, pH4.5～6.5; Under 25 ° of C, 150 revs/min of conditions, cultivate 4～6 days, obtain seed liquor, bacterium liquid is containing 10 °/g of 10 °/g～3 ╳ of conidium 1 ╳;
Press Semen Maydis powder: Testa Tritici: straw=5: within 2: 3, mass ratio mixes, and obtains solid material.Solid material: quality ratio is 1: 0.6, regulates pH value to 7.5～8.0, and conventional sterilizing, makes solid medium.Seed liquor is accessed sterilizing solid medium by inoculum size with mass ratio 15～25wt%.Under 23 ° of C～25 ° C conditions, cultivate 8～12 days, reach solid culture containing thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 1 ╳ 10
11individual/g～3 ╳ 10
11individual/g;
Solid culture is dried under ° C condition of 35 ° of C～45, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves, for subsequent use.
According to the present invention, preferred, straw was pulverized 4 mm sieve, Semen Maydis powder, rice meal particle diameter≤1 millimeter.
According to the present invention, the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer preparation method of biological control soil-borne disease, comprises that step is as follows:
(1) preparation of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer
A, actinomycetes solid culture:
Biocontrol microorganisms actinomycetes bacterial classification, adopts PDA substratum to make actinomycetes inclined-plane seed by prior art.PDA substratum: potato 200g, glucose 20g, agar 16g, water 1000g;
By actinomycetes inclined-plane seed sterilized water wash-out, be prepared into containing actinomycetes conidium 1 ╳ 10
7individual/g～3 ╳ 10
7the suspension of individual/g; 3～5wt% is by this suspension access sterilising liq substratum in mass ratio.Liquid culture based formulas is: Zulkovsky starch 15g, yeast extract paste 15g, potassium primary phosphate 0.5g, calcium carbonate 0.5g, sodium-chlor 0.5g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, water 1000g, pH=7.0～7.5; Under 28 ° of C, 150 revs/min of conditions, cultivate 3～5 days, obtain seed liquor, bacterium liquid is containing conidium 1 ╳ 10
9individual/g～3 ╳ 10
9individual/g;
Press Semen Maydis powder: rice meal: Testa Tritici=2: the mass ratio of 2: 1 mixes, and obtains solid material.By solid material: quality ratio is to prepare solid medium at 1: 0.5.Seed liquor is accessed sterilizing solid medium by inoculum size with mass ratio 10～18wt%.Under 26 ° of C～28 ° C conditions, cultivate 6～10 days, reach solid culture containing actinomycetes conidium 3 ╳ 10
10individual/g～5 ╳ 10
10individual/g;
Actinomycetes solid culture is dried under ° C condition of 50 ° of C～60, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves, for subsequent use.
The solid culture of B, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium:
The preparation of thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium inclined-plane seed is identical with actinomycetes; By inclined-plane seed sterilized water wash-out, be prepared into containing thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium conidium 1 ╳ 10
6individual/g～3 ╳ 10
6the suspension of individual/g; 5～8wt% is by this suspension access sterilising liq substratum in mass ratio.Liquid culture based formulas is: Semen Maydis powder 150g, SODIUMNITRATE 1g, sodium-chlor 0.7g, water 1000g, pH4.5～6.5; Under 25 ° of C, 150 revs/min of conditions, cultivate 4～6 days, obtain seed liquor, bacterium liquid is containing conidium 1 ╳ 10
9individual/g～3 ╳ 10
9individual/g;
Press Semen Maydis powder: Testa Tritici: straw=5: within 2: 3, mass ratio mixes, and obtains solid material.Solid material: quality ratio is 1: 0.6, regulates pH value to 7.5～8.0, and conventional sterilizing, makes solid medium.Seed liquor is accessed sterilizing solid medium by inoculum size with mass ratio 15～25wt%.Under 23 ° of C～25 ° C conditions, cultivate 8～12 days, reach solid culture containing thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 1 ╳ 10
11individual/g～3 ╳ 10
11individual/g;
Solid culture is dried under ° C condition of 35 ° of C～45, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves, for subsequent use.
C, by proportioning, get actinomycetes solid culture, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid culture, urea, diatomite, mixes, by prior art granulation, 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters, obtain biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer.
(2) sulphur adds the preparation of high molecular polymer coated carbamide:
Getting particle diameter 2～3 mm granules urea is core core fertilizer, first sprays inner cladding sulphur film, and sulphur film accounts for 18～22wt% of core core fertilizer urea quality; Spray surrounding layer polymer membrane, polymer membrane accounts for the 3wt% that is coated with fertiliser granulates total mass after sulphur again.Wherein, high polymer film-coated dose is the mixing with 9: 1 mass ratioes of novolac epoxy and triethylene tetramine, sprays on the fertiliser granulates being coated with after sulphur by prior art, to obtain final product.
(3) preparation of humic acid membrane wrapping urea:
Extracting epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine mix and make binding agent by the mass ratio of 1: 0.10.The granular urea of getting 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters is core fertilizer, in rotary drum, be preheated to 60 ° of C～70 ° C, the binding agent of first spray preparation is to the urea granules rotating, the mass ratio that binding agent accounts for core fertilizer granular urea is 0.4～0.6wt%, spray again one deck solid weathered coal, the mass ratio that weathered coal accounts for core fertilizer granular urea is 2.5～3.5wt%, after solidifying, repeats said process 1 time, to obtain final product.
(4) preparation of humic acid coating potassium sulfate:
The same step of preparation (3) of binding agent.The granular potassium sulfate of getting 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters is core fertilizer, in rotary drum, be preheated to 60 ° of C～70 ° C, the binding agent of first spray preparation is to the granular potassium sulfate rotating, the mass ratio that binding agent accounts for core fertilizer potassium sulfate is 0.3～0.5wt%, spray again one deck solid weathered coal, the mass ratio that weathered coal accounts for core fertilizer potassium sulfate is 2.0～3.0wt%, after solidifying, repeats said process 1 time, to obtain final product.
(5) by proportioning, get that biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer prepared by step (1), sulphur prepared by step (2) add humic acid membrane wrapping urea prepared by high molecular polymer coated carbamide, step (3), humic acid coating potassium sulfate prepared by step (4) mixes with diammonium phosphate, obtain the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease of the present invention.
The application of the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease of the present invention, this Controlled Release Fertilizer application process is:
I is disposable before watermelon sowing or field planting evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields behind earth's surface and turns over and bury; Or,
II is disposable executing in planting pit in the time of watermelon field planting, and fertilization depth is apart from 8～10 centimetres, earth's surface, and puddle with part soil.
The fertilizer amount of the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease of the present invention, 40～60 kilograms every mu of the total amounts of amounting to into purity nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide.
Excellent results of the present invention:
1. produce non-harmful product
At present, the disease-proofing pesticide of watermelon is mainly chemical agent, easily causes objectionable impurities residual.The present invention is taking biocontrol microorganisms culture as diseases prevention product, to mankind's toxicological harmless, not residual, is the guarantee that nuisanceless watermelon is produced.
2. protection of the environment
The chemical pesticide of preventing and treating watermelon disease in production effectively utilizes low, and major part remains in environment, and long-term a large amount of use can threatening environment safety.Anti-disease substance in the fertilizer of the present invention anti-product of making a living, is conducive to protection of the environment.
3. prevention watermelon disease
Medication again when current watermelon diseases prevention is morbidity, but late, the good growth of watermelon is caused to injury.The present invention adds biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion product in fertilizer and uses as base manure, effectively prevents watermelon sprout term disease, has reduced soil-borne disease occurrence probability.
4. save use cost
The present invention combines biological disease-preventing product with Controlled Release Fertilizer, the fertilizer efficiency time is long, and fertilizer application frequency is few, and saves dispenser process, saves labour cost.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but be not limited to this.Raw material consumption umber in embodiment is mass parts, and all per-cents are mass percent.Wherein, actinomycetes bacterial classification is: actinobacillus capsulatus ACCC11051 and Actinomycesa lmadurae ACCC40497, wherein, and embodiment 1～2 use ACCC11051, embodiment 3～4 use ACCC40497, Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center buys; Thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium bacterial classification is: ACCC30606 and ACCC30607, and Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center buys, wherein, embodiment 1～2 use ACCC30606, embodiment 3～4 use ACCC30607.
Weathered coal: Xinjiang Teng Sheng development in science and technology company limited produces, organic content 70.2wt%, crosses 100 mesh sieves.
Novolac epoxy, epoxy resin, triethylene tetramine, Jiangsu Miki Chemical Co., Ltd is on sale.
Sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide, humic acid coated carbamide, humic acid coating potassium sulfate, and Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd. produces.
Diammonium phosphate, nitrogenous 18%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 46%, 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters, commercially available prod.
Embodiment 1:
The watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease, raw material composition is:
The fertile 130kg of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine,
Sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide 120kg,
Humic acid coated carbamide 200kg,
Humic acid coating potassium sulfate 340kg,
Diammonium phosphate 210kg.
Preparation method:
(1) preparation of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer
A, actinomycetes solid culture: actinomycetes bacterial classification is actinobacillus capsulatus ACCC11051.
Adopt PDA substratum to make actinomycetes inclined-plane seed by prior art.PDA culture medium prescription: potato 200g, glucose 20g, agar 16g, water 1000g;
By actinomycetes inclined-plane seed sterilized water wash-out, be prepared into containing actinomycetes conidium 2.13 ╳ 10
7the suspension of individual/g; 4wt% is by this suspension access sterilising liq substratum in mass ratio.Liquid culture based formulas is: Zulkovsky starch 15g, yeast extract paste 15g, potassium primary phosphate 0.5g, calcium carbonate 0.5g, sodium-chlor 0.5g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, water 1000g, pH=7.3; Under 28 ° of C, 150 revs/min of conditions, cultivate 4 days, obtain seed liquor, bacterium liquid is containing conidium 1.83 ╳ 10
9individual/g;
Get Semen Maydis powder 20kg, rice meal 20kg, Testa Tritici 10kg, mix, obtain solid material.The 25kg that adds water, mixes, and packs container into, by prior art sterilizing, obtains solid medium.The above-mentioned seed liquor of access 7.5kg.Under 27 ° of C conditions, cultivate 8 days, solid culture is containing actinomycetes conidium 4.12 ╳ 10
10individual/g;
Actinomycetes solid culture is dried under 55 ° of C conditions, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves, for subsequent use.
The solid culture of B, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium: thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium bacterial classification ACCC30606;
The preparation of thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium inclined-plane seed is identical with actinomycetes; By inclined-plane seed sterilized water wash-out, be prepared into containing thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium conidium 1.52 ╳ 10
6the suspension of individual/g; The amount of 6wt% is by this suspension access sterilising liq substratum in mass ratio.Liquid culture based formulas is: Semen Maydis powder 150g, SODIUMNITRATE 1g, sodium-chlor 0.7g, water 1000g, regulate pH to 5.5; Under 25 ° of C, 150 revs/min of conditions, cultivate 5 days, obtain seed liquor, bacterium liquid is containing thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium conidium 2.35 ╳ 10
9individual/g;
Get Semen Maydis powder 25kg, Testa Tritici 10kg, straw 15kg mixing, obtain solid material.The 30kg that adds water, regulates pH value to 7.8, and conventional sterilizing, makes solid medium.The thick wall spore of access 10kg Pu Keniya bacterium seed liquor.Under 24 ° of C conditions, cultivate 10 days, solid culture is containing thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 1.78 ╳ 10
11individual/g;
Thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid culture is dried under 40 ° of C conditions, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves, for subsequent use.
C, get actinomycetes solid culture 50kg, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid culture 50kg, urea 10kg, diatomite 35kg, mix, by prior art granulation, 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters, obtain biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer.
(2) sulphur adds the preparation of high molecular polymer coated carbamide:
Getting particle diameter 2～3 mm granules urea is core core fertilizer, first sprays inner cladding sulphur film, and sulphur film accounts for the 20wt% of core core fertilizer urea quality; Spray surrounding layer polymer membrane, polymer membrane accounts for the 3wt% that is coated with fertiliser granulates total mass after sulphur again.Wherein, high polymer film-coated dose is the mixing with 9: 1 mass ratioes of novolac epoxy and triethylene tetramine.
(3) preparation of humic acid membrane wrapping urea:
Extracting epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine mix and make binding agent by the mass ratio of 1: 0.10.The granular urea of getting 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters is core fertilizer, in rotary drum, be preheated to 70 ° of C, the binding agent of first spray preparation is to the urea granules rotating, the mass ratio that binding agent accounts for core fertilizer granular urea is 0.5wt%, spray again one deck solid weathered coal, the mass ratio that weathered coal accounts for core fertilizer granular urea is 3.0wt%, after solidifying, repeats said process 1 time, to obtain final product.
(4) preparation of humic acid coating potassium sulfate:
The same step of preparation (3) of binding agent.The granular potassium sulfate of getting 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters is core fertilizer, in rotary drum, be preheated to 70 ° of C, the binding agent of first spray preparation is to the granular potassium sulfate rotating, the mass ratio that binding agent accounts for core fertilizer potassium sulfate is 0.4wt%, spray again one deck solid weathered coal, the mass ratio that weathered coal accounts for core fertilizer potassium sulfate is 2.5wt%, after solidifying, repeats said process 1 time, to obtain final product.
(5) by proportioning, get biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer prepared by step (1), sulphur prepared by step (2) adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide, humic acid membrane wrapping urea prepared by step (3), humic acid coating potassium sulfate prepared by step (4) mixes with diammonium phosphate, obtains the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease of the present invention.
Embodiment 2:
The watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease, raw material composition is:
The fertile 150kg of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine,
Sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide 80kg,
Humic acid coated carbamide 180kg,
Humic acid coating potassium sulfate 290kg,
Diammonium phosphate 300kg.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
The watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease, raw material composition is:
The fertile 100kg of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine,
Sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide 110kg,
Humic acid coated carbamide 240kg,
Humic acid coating potassium sulfate 300kg,
Diammonium phosphate 250kg.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1, and difference is that actinomycetes bacterial classification is Actinomycesa lmadurae ACCC40497, and solid culture is containing actinomycetes conidium 3.84 ╳ 10
10individual/g, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium bacterial classification is ACCC30607, solid culture is containing thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 2.16 ╳ 10
11individual/g.
Embodiment 4:
The watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease, raw material composition is:
The fertile 80kg of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine,
Sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide 150kg,
Humic acid coated carbamide 160kg,
Humic acid coating potassium sulfate 380kg,
Diammonium phosphate 230kg.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1, and difference is that actinomycetes bacterial classification is Actinomycesa lmadurae ACCC40497, and solid culture is containing actinomycetes conidium 3.84 ╳ 10
10individual/g, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium bacterial classification is ACCC30607, solid culture is containing thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 2.16 ╳ 10
11individual/g.
Comparative example: common urea, nitrogen content 46%; Diammonium phosphate, nitrogenous 18%, containing Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 46%; Potassium sulfate, containing potassium oxide 50%.
The effect of above embodiment 1～4 and comparative example is as follows:
Test site: Changle city of Shandong Province.
Test period: year June in March, 2012 to 2012.
For trying variety of watermelon: show in early spring jade.
If embodiment 1-4 and comparative example be totally 5 processing, 20 square metres of each processing community areas.The cultivation of protection ground.Embodiment 1-4 is identical with comparative example fertilizer amount, amounts to into 50 kilograms every mu of purity nitrogens, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide three total amount.Embodiment 1-4 Term Fertilization method is: disposable executing in planting pit in the time of watermelon field planting, fertilization depth, apart from 10 centimetres, earth's surface, is puddled evenly with part soil.In comparative example, diammonium phosphate is identical with embodiment with potassium sulfate fertilizing method, and urea is to topdress at watermelon expanding stage.Other control measures are identical.Effect is in table 1.
The application watermelon test-results of table 1 embodiment 1～4 compared with comparative example
| Fertilizer of the present invention | Output increases % | Damping-off reduces % | Root knot nematode disease reduces % |
| Embodiment 1 | 7.4 | 36.1 | 67.8 |
| Embodiment 2 | 7.2 | 38.2 | 59.6 |
| Embodiment 3 | 8.3 | 41.4 | 65.4 |
| Embodiment 4 | 6.5 | 35.6 | 55.3 |
Claims (7)
1. the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease, is characterized in that raw materials quality part is:
80～150 parts of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer,
Sulphur adds 80～150 parts of high molecular polymer coated carbamides,
150～250 parts of humic acid coated carbamides,
280～380 parts of humic acid coating potassium sulfate,
200～300 parts of diammonium phosphate;
Described biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer is that solid culture and urea, the composite granulation of diatomite prepared through solid culture by prior art respectively by actinomycetes and thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium make; Wherein,
40～60 parts of actinomycetes solid cultures, containing actinomycetes conidium 3 ╳ 10
10individual/g～5 ╳ 10
10individual/g;
40～60 parts of thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid cultures, containing thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 1 ╳ 10
11individual/g～3 ╳ 10
11individual/g;
5～15 parts, urea, 20～40 parts, diatomite.
2. the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described actinomycetes bacterial classification be selected from actinobacillus capsulatus (
actinobacillus Actinobacillus) or Actinomycesa lmadurae (
actionadura sp.).
3. the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium (
pochonia chlamydosporia) be selected from ACCC30606 or the ACCC30607 of Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center.
4. the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that it is taking granular urea as core core fertilizer that described sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide, first spray inner cladding sulphur film, then spray surrounding layer polymer membrane and make; Wherein, it is 18～22wt% that inner cladding sulphur film accounts for core core fertilizer quality per-cent, and polymer membrane accounts for 3 wt% that are coated with fertiliser granulates total mass after sulphur, and high polymer film-coated material is the mixing with 9: 1 mass ratioes of novolac epoxy and triethylene tetramine;
Described humic acid membrane wrapping urea, is taking granular urea as core core fertilizer, spray one layer binder outside core core fertilizer, spray again the weathered coal of the air-dry pulverizing of one deck, after solidifying, repeat 1 time, reach binding agent and account for 0.8～1.2wt% of the fertile quality of core core, weathered coal accounts for 5.0 ~ 7.0wt% of the fertile quality of core core; Described binding agent is that epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine are mixed by the mass ratio of 1: 0.10;
Described humic acid coating potassium sulfate is taking granular potassium sulfate as core core fertilizer, spray one layer binder outside core core fertilizer, then spray the weathered coal of the air-dry pulverizing of one deck, after solidifying, repeat 1 time, reach 0.6～1.0wt% that binding agent accounts for the fertile quality of core core, weathered coal accounts for 4.0 ~ 6.0wt% of the fertile quality of core core; Described binding agent is that epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine are mixed by the mass ratio of 1: 0.10.
5. the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of biological control soil-borne disease as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that raw materials quality part is:
95～105 parts of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer,
Sulphur adds 105～115 parts of high molecular polymer coated carbamides,
230～250 parts of humic acid coated carbamides,
290～310 parts of humic acid coating potassium sulfate,
240～260 parts of diammonium phosphate.
6. the preparation method of the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of the biological control soil-borne disease as described in claim 1 ~ 5 any one, comprises that step is as follows:
(1) preparation of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer
A, actinomycetes solid culture:
Biocontrol microorganisms actinomycetes bacterial classification, adopts PDA substratum to make actinomycetes inclined-plane seed by prior art; PDA substratum: potato 200g, glucose 20g, agar 16g, water 1000g;
By actinomycetes inclined-plane seed sterilized water wash-out, be prepared into containing actinomycetes conidium 1 ╳ 10
7individual/g～3 ╳ 10
7the suspension of individual/g; 3～5wt% is by this suspension access sterilising liq substratum in mass ratio; Liquid culture based formulas is: Zulkovsky starch 15g, yeast extract paste 15g, potassium primary phosphate 0.5g, calcium carbonate 0.5g, sodium-chlor 0.5g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, water 1000g, pH=7.0～7.5; Under 28 DEG C, 150 revs/min conditions, cultivate 3～5 days, obtain seed liquor, bacterium liquid is containing conidium 1 ╳ 10
9individual/g～3 ╳ 10
9individual/g;
Press Semen Maydis powder: rice meal: Testa Tritici=2: the mass ratio of 2: 1 mixes, and obtains solid material; By solid material: quality ratio is to prepare solid medium at 1: 0.5; Seed liquor is accessed sterilizing solid medium by inoculum size with mass ratio 10～18wt%; Under 26 DEG C～28 DEG C conditions, cultivate 6～10 days, reach solid culture containing actinomycetes conidium 3 ╳ 10
10individual/g～5 ╳ 10
10individual/g;
Actinomycetes solid culture is dried under 50 DEG C～60 DEG C conditions, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves, for subsequent use;
The solid culture of B, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium:
The preparation of thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium inclined-plane seed is identical with actinomycetes; By inclined-plane seed sterilized water wash-out, be prepared into containing thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium conidium 1 ╳ 10
6individual/g～3 ╳ 10
6the suspension of individual/g; 5～8wt% is by this suspension access sterilising liq substratum in mass ratio; Liquid culture based formulas is: Semen Maydis powder 150g, SODIUMNITRATE 1g, sodium-chlor 0.7g, water 1000g, pH 4.5～6.5; Under 25 DEG C, 150 revs/min conditions, cultivate 4～6 days, obtain seed liquor, bacterium liquid is containing conidium 1 ╳ 10
9individual/g～3 ╳ 10
9individual/g;
Press Semen Maydis powder: Testa Tritici: straw=5: within 2: 3, mass ratio mixes, and obtains solid material; Solid material: quality ratio is 1: 0.6, regulates pH value to 7.5～8.0, and conventional sterilizing, makes solid medium; Seed liquor is accessed sterilizing solid medium by inoculum size with mass ratio 15～25wt%; Under 23 DEG C～25 DEG C conditions, cultivate 8～12 days, reach solid culture containing thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium chlamydospore 1 ╳ 10
11individual/g～3 ╳ 10
11individual/g;
By solid culture 35
0c～45
0under C condition, dry, levigate mistake 80 mesh sieves, for subsequent use;
C, by proportioning, get actinomycetes solid culture, thick wall spore Pu Keniya bacterium solid culture, urea, diatomite, mixes, by prior art granulation, 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters, obtain biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer;
(2) sulphur adds the preparation of high molecular polymer coated carbamide:
Getting particle diameter 2～3 mm granules urea is core core fertilizer, first sprays inner cladding sulphur film, and sulphur film accounts for 18～22 wt% of core core fertilizer urea quality; Spray surrounding layer polymer membrane, polymer membrane accounts for the 3wt% that is coated with fertiliser granulates total mass after sulphur again; Wherein, high polymer film-coated dose is the mixing with 9: 1 mass ratioes of novolac epoxy and triethylene tetramine, sprays on the fertiliser granulates being coated with after sulphur by prior art, to obtain final product;
(3) preparation of humic acid membrane wrapping urea:
Extracting epoxy resin and triethylene tetramine mix and make binding agent by the mass ratio of 1: 0.10; The granular urea of getting 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters is core fertilizer, in rotary drum, be preheated to 60 DEG C～70 DEG C, the binding agent of first spray preparation is to the urea granules rotating, the mass ratio that binding agent accounts for core fertilizer granular urea is 0.4～0.6wt%, spray again one deck solid weathered coal, the mass ratio that weathered coal accounts for core fertilizer granular urea is 2.5 ~ 3.5wt%, after solidifying, repeats said process 1 time, to obtain final product;
(4) preparation of humic acid coating potassium sulfate:
The same step of preparation (3) of binding agent; The granular potassium sulfate of getting 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters is core fertilizer, in rotary drum, be preheated to 60 DEG C～70 DEG C, the binding agent of first spray preparation is to the granular potassium sulfate rotating, the mass ratio that binding agent accounts for core fertilizer potassium sulfate is 0.3～0.5wt%, spray again one deck solid weathered coal, the mass ratio that weathered coal accounts for core fertilizer potassium sulfate is 2.0 ~ 3.0wt%, after solidifying, repeats said process 1 time, to obtain final product;
(5) by proportioning, get that biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion medicine fertilizer prepared by step (1), sulphur prepared by step (2) add humic acid membrane wrapping urea prepared by high molecular polymer coated carbamide, step (3), humic acid coating potassium sulfate prepared by step (4) mixes with diammonium phosphate, obtain watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer.
7. the application of the watermelon special-purpose control-release fertilizer of the biological control soil-borne disease described in claim 1 ~ 5 any one, is characterized in that this Controlled Release Fertilizer application process is:
I is disposable before watermelon sowing or field planting evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields behind earth's surface and turns over and bury; Or,
II is disposable executing in planting pit in the time of watermelon field planting, and fertilization depth is apart from 8～10 centimetres, earth's surface, and puddle with part soil.
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| CN106591212A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-04-26 | 湖南泰谷生物科技股份有限公司 | Method for producing conidia by Pochonia chlamydosporia liquid fermentation |
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