CN103149162B - Portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source - Google Patents
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Abstract
Provided is a portable crop growth information monitor based on an active light source. The monitor is characterized by comprising a light source system, a spectrum signal acquisition system and a main unit system. The front end of the light source system is connected with the main unit system, the rear end of the light source system is connected with the spectrum signal acquisition system, the rear end of the spectrum signal acquisition system is connected with the main unit system, and the rear end of the main unit system is connected with the light source system. The monitor can simultaneously and comprehensively monitor and diagnose various physiology and zoology information including chlorophyll content of crops, a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a leaf area index, leaf dry weight, nitrogen content, nitrogen accumulation amount, a net photosynthetic rate, a transpiration rate, leaf temperatures and the like, and has functions of data acquisition, analysis, display, storage, checking and display. By means of application of built-in electronic information techniques, the system structure is simplified, and the monitor has the advantages of being convenient to carry and low in power consumption and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source, particularly utilize the device that active light source carries out plant growth information lossless, detects fast, belong to plant growth information intelligent detection field, be exclusively used in field crop growth information Real-time Obtaining and Precise Diagnosis.
Background technology
Plant growth information monitoring can perception field-crop upgrowth situation all sidedly, and the enforcement accurately managed for crop production provides information support, to reinforcement China grain security, improves grain quality and output etc. and has important function.Harmless, quick, the portable inexorable trend being modern farmland information acquisition apparatus and developing, it is the informationalized key of developing agricultural that development plant growth information real non-destructive obtains equipment.
Crop growth monitoring technology based on canopy reflectance spectra is the physiology, the ecosystem characterization that calculate derivation crop canopies blade according to the absorption and scattering properties of crop canopies blade to sensitive band.Compare other crop growth monitoring method, as Kjeldahl's method, physical measurement blade face area method, chemical measurement chlorophyll method and contact leaf temperature measurement etc., plant growth spectrum monitoring technology has the advantages such as cost is low, resolution ratio is high, real-time is good, realization is simple, non-contact monitoring; Meanwhile, with the combination of electronic information technology, embedded development technology, plant growth informative spectral monitoring technology can be realized and be converted into the microminiaturization of actual productivity, economization, intelligentized active demand.
At present, some research and development institutions develop the spectral instrument for monitoring crop upgrowth situation both at home and abroad, and these instruments are all based on passive light source mode substantially, measurement result affects highly significant by sun altitude, precision is low, poor reliability, is unfavorable for field survey under farm environment.Such as, the Crop Circle ACS-470 Handheld spectrometer that Holland scientific company of the U.S. produces, not by the restriction of environment light source condition, the baseis reflectivity information measuring conventional plant nutrition condition and plant canopy and soil can be used for, can carry out the biomass of plant in a big way or crops and distribution situation thereof easily, survey data and can be used for analyzing the nutrient of crop, moisture, disease and other upgrowth situations, but its instrument price is expensive, bulky, be applicable to scientific research but be not suitable for field agricultural production; Patent 200710019340.9 discloses a kind of portable multiway crop leaf nitrogen nutrient index nondestructive monitoring device, though meet the harmless Real-Time Monitoring to crop canopies Leaf nitrogen concentration, nitrogen accumulation and leaf area index 3 indexs, but this device utilizes sunshine to do light source, weather restriction must be subject to, working time short, less stable in using.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided that a kind of real-time is good, working time wide ranges, low price, by weather restriction and the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source of good stability, the growth information of low cost under farm environment, portable type measuring crop can be realized.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source, comprise light-source system, spectroscopic acquisition system and host computer system, wherein the front end of light-source system connects host computer system, the rear end of light-source system connects spectroscopic acquisition system, the rear end of spectroscopic acquisition system connects host computer system, and the rear end of host computer system connects light-source system.
Described light-source system comprises spectral signal generation part and shell; Wherein said spectral signal transmit block launches light pipe by six and inner base is formed, and launches light pipe for six and is divided into two groups, and launch light pipe one group for every three, often group transmitting light pipe is connected with the coding module of host computer system; Described inner base is used for fixing six and launches light pipe.
Described transmitting light pipe comprises cover glass, bar shaped cylindrical mirror and light emitting diode queue, and is arranged in order; Wherein said light emitting diode queue is that 720nm and 810nm light emitting diode arranges by several centre wavelengths, and be rectangle, emergent light spot is bar shaped, and the light source angle of emergence is 45 °; The long 54mm of described bar shaped cylindrical mirror, wide 10mm, distance light emitting diode queue 9mm.
Described spectroscopic acquisition system comprises spectroscopic acquisition parts and shell; Wherein said spectroscopic acquisition parts are made up of several reflecting light tube and base, and embed below host computer system, are positioned at two groups and launch light pipe centre position; Described reflecting light tube is divided into two groups, often organizes reflecting light tube and is connected with the decoder module on main frame; Described base is used for fixation reflex light pipe.
Described reflecting light tube comprises cover glass, specific centre wavelength spike interference filter, bull's-eye and photoelectric sensor, and is arranged in order; The centre wavelength of wherein said optical filter is 720nm and 810nm; Described bull's-eye, diameter is 6mm, and focal length is 3mm; Described photoelectric sensor is positioned at bull's-eye focal plane.
Described host computer system is made up of shell, hardware system and software systems; Wherein, described hardware system is made up of coding module, light source driver module, two waveform LED light source, small-signal amplification module, decoder module, A/D modular converter, unit microprocessor module, external memory modules, LCD MODULE, input through keyboard module and powered battery module; And the front end of described coding module is unit microprocessor module, rear end is light source driver module; The rear end of described decoder module is A/D modular converter, and the rear end of A/D modular converter is microprocessor module; Described external memory modules is connected with unit microprocessor module; Described display module is connected with microprocessor module; Described input through keyboard module is connected with microprocessor module; Described powered battery module is powered to whole device.
Described light source driver module rear end is the light emitting diode in spectral signal transmit block, and the front end of described decoder module is the photoelectric sensor in spectra collection parts.
Light-source system is made up of specific wavelength light emitting diode matrix, condensing cylindrical mirror and cover glass; Specific wavelength light emitting diode is through condensing cylindrical mirror optically focused, and emergent ray is in strip and is radiated on crop canopies blade, cover glass damages from physics and chemistry for the protection of light-source system.
Described spectroscopic acquisition system is made up of cover glass, spike interference filter, circular spotlight lens and photoelectric sensor; Crop canopies blade absorbs and reverberation after scattering removes the stray light of its all band by optical filter; collector lens improves the intensity of illumination that detector receives; the spectral response range of photodetector is at 400nm ~ 1100nm, and cover glass damages from physics and chemistry for the protection of light-source system.
Described external equipment is made up of external memory modules, input through keyboard module, LCD MODULE and powered battery module; External memory storage is for storing the crop canopies spectral reflectivity of monitoring, and input through keyboard module forms the human-computer interaction interface of hommization with LCD MODULE, and powered battery module is powered to whole device.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention adopts above technical scheme, compared with prior art has following technique effect:
1. the present invention is based on active light source design, do not restrict by weather conditions during use, working time wide ranges.Overcome the sunshine of crop growth monitoring equipment utilization in the past and do light source, be subject to the restriction of weather conditions and sun altitude in using, controllability, less stable.
2. the present invention is according to field crops in different growth stage canopy feature, adopts the method for designing of launching light pipe grouping, reduces the impact of Soil Background interference, improves instrument monitoring precision and reliability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A is the portable crop growth monitoring instrument schematic diagram that the present invention is based on active light source;
Figure 1B is the schematic diagram of the host computer system of the portable crop growth monitoring instrument that the present invention is based on active light source;
Fig. 2 is that light-source system of the present invention launches light pipe schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is spectroscopic acquisition systematic reflection light pipe schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 4 is host hardware schematic diagram of the present invention.
Descriptive name:
1.720nm light-source system 2.720nm launches light pipe 3.720nm spectroscopic acquisition system 4.720nm reflecting light tube 5.810nm spectroscopic acquisition system 6.810nm reflecting light tube 7.810nm and launches light pipe 8.810nm light-source system 9. host computer system 10. host panel 11. LCDs 12. "ON" button 13. "Off" button 14. " reset " button 15. " pattern " button 16. " measurement " button 17. " upper page " button 18. " monitoring/preserve " button 19. " checking " button 20. " diagnosis " button 21 " nextpage " button 22. cover glass 23. condensing cylindrical mirror 24. specific band light emitting diode 25. cover glass 26. spike interference filter 27. circular spotlight lens 28. photoelectric sensor
Specific implementation method
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described:
Based on a portable crop growth information monitor for active light source, comprise light-source system, spectroscopic acquisition system and host computer system (as Fig. 1); Wherein the front end of light-source system connects host computer system, and the rear end of light-source system connects spectroscopic acquisition system, and the rear end of spectroscopic acquisition system connects host computer system, and the rear end of host computer system connects light-source system.
Described light-source system (as Fig. 2) comprises spectral signal generation part and shell; Wherein said spectral signal transmit block launches light pipe by six and inner base is formed, and launches light pipe for six and is divided into two groups, and launch light pipe one group for every three, often group transmitting light pipe is connected with the coding module of host computer system; Described inner base is used for fixing six and launches light pipe.
Described transmitting light pipe (as Fig. 3) comprises cover glass, bar shaped cylindrical mirror and light emitting diode queue, and is arranged in order; Wherein said light emitting diode queue is that 720nm and 810nm light emitting diode arranges by several centre wavelengths, and be rectangle, emergent light spot is bar shaped, and the light source angle of emergence is 45 °; The long 54mm of described bar shaped cylindrical mirror, wide 10mm, distance light emitting diode queue 9mm.
Described spectroscopic acquisition system (as Fig. 3) comprises spectroscopic acquisition parts and shell; Wherein said spectroscopic acquisition parts are made up of several reflecting light tube and base, and embed below host computer system, are positioned at two groups and launch light pipe centre position; Described reflecting light tube is divided into two groups, often organizes reflecting light tube and is connected with the decoder module on main frame; Described base is used for fixation reflex light pipe.
Described reflecting light tube (as Fig. 3) comprises cover glass, specific centre wavelength spike interference filter, bull's-eye and photoelectric sensor, and is arranged in order; The centre wavelength of wherein said optical filter is 720nm and 810nm; Described bull's-eye, diameter is 6mm, and focal length is 3mm; Described photoelectric sensor is positioned at bull's-eye focal plane.
Described host computer system is made up of shell, hardware system (as Fig. 4) and software systems; Wherein, described hardware system (as Fig. 4) is made up of coding module, light source driver module, two waveform LED light source, small-signal amplification module, decoder module, A/D modular converter, unit microprocessor module, external memory modules, LCD MODULE, input through keyboard module and powered battery module; And the front end of described coding module is unit microprocessor module, rear end is light source driver module; The rear end of described decoder module is A/D modular converter, and the rear end of A/D modular converter is microprocessor module; Described external memory modules is connected with unit microprocessor module; Described display module is connected with microprocessor module; Described input through keyboard module is connected with microprocessor module; Described powered battery module is powered to whole device.
Described light source driver module rear end is the light emitting diode in spectral signal transmit block, and the front end of described decoder module is the photoelectric sensor in spectra collection parts.
Light-source system is made up of specific wavelength light emitting diode matrix, condensing cylindrical mirror and cover glass; Specific wavelength light emitting diode is through condensing cylindrical mirror optically focused, and emergent ray is in strip and is radiated on crop canopies blade, cover glass damages from physics and chemistry for the protection of light-source system.
Light source is launched light pipe by two groups and is formed, often group transmitting light pipe is made up of 3 bar shaped light pipes, often organize the array of bar shaped light pipe inside containing 6 light emitting diode compositions, two groups of centre wavelengths of launching the light emitting diode of light pipe are respectively 720nm and 810nm, and bandwidth is ± 15nm; Collector lens adopts bar shaped cylindrical convex lens, long 54mm, wide 10mm, and focal length is 9mm; The long 64mm of objective glass lenses, wide 10mm, distance cylindrical lens 5mm.
Described spectroscopic acquisition system is made up of cover glass, spike interference filter, circular spotlight lens and photoelectric sensor; Crop canopies blade absorbs and reverberation after scattering removes the stray light of its all band by optical filter; collector lens improves the intensity of illumination that detector receives; the spectral response range of photodetector is at 400nm ~ 1100nm, and cover glass damages from physics and chemistry for the protection of light-source system.
Described external equipment is made up of external memory modules, input through keyboard module, LCD MODULE and powered battery module; External memory storage is for storing the crop canopies spectral reflectivity of monitoring, and input through keyboard module forms the human-computer interaction interface of hommization with LCD MODULE, and powered battery module is powered to whole device.
Monitor shell adopts rigid plastics material machine box; Panel adopts plastic sheeting keyboard, and dissimilar function button adopts the mark of different colours.
(1) method of operating of apparatus of the present invention and step
The detection method of a kind of portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source of the present invention, adopts following steps:
Step 1) presses the "ON" button 12 on lower panel, powers up to instrument, and internal system carries out initialization operation, and liquid crystal display screen display initializes interface, light-source system and spectroscopic acquisition system starts;
Step 2) according to the growing way situation of surveyed crop, by " pattern " button 15 on lower panel, the way of the light emitting diode of selected element bright light source internal system, " pattern 1 " optical diode of lighting that riches all the way, " pattern 2 " lights two-way light emitting diode, and " mode 3 " lights three road light emitting diodes;
Step 3) operator keeps at a distance crop canopies 20cm-40cm, and horizontal positioned, presses " measurement " button 16, the crop canopies spectral reflectivity that liquid crystal display real-time display light spectrum signal collector gathers;
Step 4) operator presses " monitoring/preserve " button 18, arrests crop canopies spectral reflectivity in real time in liquid crystal screen display, and stores spectral reflectivity;
Step 5) is pressed " checking " button 19, the spectral reflectivity information of storage can be recalled from external memory storage, the crop growth model built through inside demonstrates each Agronomy index of surveyed crop on liquid crystal display.
Step 6) is pressed " upper page " button 17 and " nextpage " button 21, can check each Agronomy index of surveyed crop up and down.
Step 7) is pressed " diagnosis " button 20, call the Agronomy index equation of solidification, calculate each Agronomy indexes such as the chlorophyll content of crop, vegetation normalization index (NDVI), leaf area index, leaf dry weight, nitrogen content, nitrogen accumulation, Net Photosynthetic Rate, transpiration rate and Ye Wen, and in liquid crystal screen display;
Step 8) is pressed " reset " button 14, systems soft ware initializes, and liquid crystal display display initializes interface;
Step 9) presses "Off" button 13, cutting system power supply, and instrument shuts down.
(2) operation principle of apparatus of the present invention
Based on the portable crop growth information monitor of active light source structured flowchart as shown in Figure 1.Unit microprocessor module sends control command to coding module, and coding module sends the signal of telecommunication of certain frequency, controls light source driving circuit and lights two waveform LED light source, and the ignition frequency of two wavelength of light source is consistent, and luminous power keeps constant.720nm light-source system (1), 720nm in 810nm light-source system (8) launches light pipe (2), the light that 810nm transmitting light pipe (7) sends is radiated at tested crop canopies, be positioned at the 720nm spectroscopic acquisition system (3) of homonymy in the middle of two groups of different wavelengths of light source modules, 720nm reflecting light tube (4) in 810nm spectroscopic acquisition system (5), 810nm reflecting light tube (6) receives the reflected light signal after crop canopies absorption and scattering, 720nm reflecting light tube (4), optical signal is converted to current signal by the photoelectric sensor 28 of 810nm reflecting light tube (6) inside, small current amplify is converted to voltage signal by small signal amplifier by current signal.Light source is between 20cm-40cm to the distance of crop monitoring.Voltage signal after amplifying, through decoder module, eliminates interference and the internal noise interference of the sun.Decoded analog signal is converted to data signal by A/D modular converter, and data signal is sent to unit microprocessor module.After data signal calculates and processes by unit microprocessor module, draw the spectral reflectivity of crop canopies, call and be solidificated in the model and algorithm in microprocessor internal memory and the change of spectral reflectivity be converted to the various Agronomy index information of crop, as chlorophyll content, vegetation normalization index (NDVI), leaf area index, leaf dry weight, nitrogen content, nitrogen accumulation, Net Photosynthetic Rate, transpiration rate and Ye Wen etc., microprocessor module inside solidification on-gauge plate calibration function, computing is compensated to light intensity change information, make measured reflectivity more close to actual value, more can react the growth information of crop.By the key-press input on host panel 10, respectively these Agronomy index information of crop are shown on LCDs 11, and be stored in outer memory module.
As Fig. 2, be that 720nm launches light pipe (2), 810nm launches light pipe (7) schematic cross-section, be made up of cover glass 22, condensing cylindrical mirror 23 and specific wavelength light emitting diode 24; Cover glass 22 plays physical protection effect; the scattered light that light emitting diode 24 is launched is polymerized to the directional light of narrower in width by condensing cylindrical mirror 23; the centre frequency of the specific wavelength light emitting diode of 720nm wavelength emission pipe inside is the centre frequency of the specific wavelength light emitting diode of 720nm, 810nm wavelength emission pipe inside is 810nm.The layout parameter that 720nm launches light pipe (2), 810nm launches light pipe (7) inner each parts and size are all through strictly calculating gained, between designed measuring distance, can ensure that two groups of light launching light pipe 2,7 transmitting are radiated at same strain crop canopies.
As Fig. 3, be reflecting light tube schematic cross-section, by cover glass 25, spike interference filter 26, circular spotlight lens 27 and photoelectric sensor 28 form; Cover glass 25 plays physical protection effect; in 720nm reflecting light tube 4 with 810nm reflecting light tube 6, spike interference filter 26 adopts centre wavelength to be positioned at 720nm and 810nm respectively; the bandwidth of spike interference filter is ± 5nm; photoelectric sensor 28 adopts photodiode; output current signal, antijamming capability is strong.The layout parameter of 720nm reflecting light tube (4), the inner each parts of 810nm reflecting light tube (6) and size, all through strictly calculating gained, meeting and measuring requirement.
As Fig. 4, unit microprocessor module control coding module sends code signal, and coding is transported to light source driver module, and light source driver module is lighted, extinguished two waveform LED light source modules along with code signal.Be positioned at the reverberation of photoelectric sensor reception after tested crop canopies absorption and scattering of homonymy in the middle of two groups of different wavelengths of light source modules, optical signal is converted to current signal, and small current amplify is converted to voltage signal by T-shaped resistor network amplifying circuit by current signal.The voltage signal of simulation is after decoder module, data signal is converted to by A/D modular converter, and send the process that unit microprocessor module carries out data signal to, draw real-time reflectivity, by calling the model and algorithm be solidificated in unit microprocessor module internal storage, calculate the chlorophyll content of tested crop, vegetation normalization index (NDVI), leaf area index, leaf dry weight, nitrogen content, nitrogen accumulation, Net Photosynthetic Rate, the Agronomy index such as transpiration rate and Ye Wen information, inputted by keyboard, respectively these Agronomy index information of crop are shown on LCDs 11, and be stored in outer memory module.Described powered battery module is powered to whole device.
Higher sensitivity and the degree of accuracy is obtained in order to make the present invention, and higher signal to noise ratio, photoelectric sensor module can integrate with small signal amplifier, adopting the photodetector with enlarge leadingly function, can be the silicon photocell of integrated preamplifier, photomultiplier, avalanche photodide etc., unit microprocessor module can adopt digital signal processor DSP, on-site programmable gate array FPGA, CPLD, Advanced Reduced Instruction embedded computer ARM etc.
Claims (8)
1. the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source, it is characterized in that comprising light-source system, spectroscopic acquisition system and host computer system, wherein the front end of light-source system connects host computer system, the rear end of light-source system connects spectroscopic acquisition system, the rear end of spectroscopic acquisition system connects host computer system, and the rear end of host computer system connects light-source system; Described light-source system comprises spectral signal generation part and shell; Wherein said spectral signal transmit block launches light pipe by six and inner base is formed, and launches light pipe for six and is divided into two groups, and launch light pipe one group for every three, often group transmitting light pipe is connected with the coding module of host computer system; Described inner base is used for fixing six and launches light pipe; Described transmitting light pipe comprises cover glass, bar shaped cylindrical mirror and light emitting diode queue, and is arranged in order; Wherein said light emitting diode queue is that 720nm and 810nm light emitting diode arranges by several centre wavelengths, and be rectangle, emergent light spot is bar shaped, and the light source angle of emergence is 45 °; The long 54mm of described bar shaped cylindrical mirror, wide 10mm, distance light emitting diode queue 9mm.
2. the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source according to claim 1, is characterized in that described spectroscopic acquisition system comprises spectroscopic acquisition parts and shell; Wherein said spectroscopic acquisition parts are made up of several reflecting light tube and base, and embed below host computer system, are positioned at two groups and launch light pipe centre position; Described reflecting light tube is divided into two groups, often organizes reflecting light tube and is connected with the decoder module on main frame; Described base is used for fixation reflex light pipe.
3. the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source according to claim 2, is characterized in that described reflecting light tube comprises cover glass, specific centre wavelength spike interference filter, bull's-eye and photoelectric sensor, and is arranged in order; The centre wavelength of wherein said optical filter is 720nm and 810nm; Described bull's-eye, diameter is 6mm, and focal length is 3mm; Described photoelectric sensor is positioned at bull's-eye focal plane.
4. the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source according to claim 1, is characterized in that described host computer system is made up of shell, hardware system and software systems; Wherein, described hardware system is made up of coding module, light source driver module, two waveform LED light source, small-signal amplification module, decoder module, A/D modular converter, unit microprocessor module, external memory modules, LCD MODULE, input through keyboard module and powered battery module; And the front end of described coding module is unit microprocessor module, rear end is light source driver module; The rear end of described decoder module is A/D modular converter, and the rear end of A/D modular converter is microprocessor module; Described external memory modules is connected with unit microprocessor module; Described display module is connected with microprocessor module; Described input through keyboard module is connected with microprocessor module; Described powered battery module is powered to whole device.
5. the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described light source driver module rear end is the light emitting diode in spectral signal transmit block, the front end of described decoder module is the photoelectric sensor in spectra collection parts.
6. the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source according to claim 4, is characterized in that: light-source system is made up of specific wavelength light emitting diode matrix, condensing cylindrical mirror and cover glass; Specific wavelength light emitting diode is through condensing cylindrical mirror optically focused, and emergent ray is in strip and is radiated on crop canopies blade, cover glass damages from physics and chemistry for the protection of light-source system.
7. the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described spectroscopic acquisition system is made up of cover glass, spike interference filter, circular spotlight lens and photoelectric sensor; Crop canopies blade absorbs and reverberation after scattering removes the stray light of its all band by optical filter; collector lens improves the intensity of illumination that detector receives; the spectral response range of photodetector is at 400nm ~ 1100nm, and cover glass damages from physics and chemistry for the protection of light-source system.
8. the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the described portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source also comprises external equipment, and described external equipment is made up of external memory modules, input through keyboard module, LCD MODULE and powered battery module; External memory storage is for storing the crop canopies spectral reflectivity of monitoring, and input through keyboard module forms the human-computer interaction interface of hommization with LCD MODULE, and powered battery module is powered to whole device.
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| CN103900977B (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-10-14 | 广州康平生物科技有限公司 | A kind of full spectrometer for detecting food fast and detection method thereof |
| JPWO2016181743A1 (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2018-03-01 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | Plant growth index measuring apparatus and method, and plant growth index measuring system |
| CN106872028B (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2018-09-04 | 安徽大学 | A kind of crop physical and chemical parameter measuring apparatus and measurement method |
| CN107389613A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-11-24 | 广西大学 | LED light-pulse generator formula index number of canopy vegetation of crops measurement systems |
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