CN103674855B - Optical path system used for monitoring crop growth information - Google Patents
Optical path system used for monitoring crop growth information Download PDFInfo
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- CN103674855B CN103674855B CN201310689113.2A CN201310689113A CN103674855B CN 103674855 B CN103674855 B CN 103674855B CN 201310689113 A CN201310689113 A CN 201310689113A CN 103674855 B CN103674855 B CN 103674855B
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Abstract
An optical path system used for monitoring crop growth information is characterized by comprising two independent light source systems, two spectral signal collecting systems and an accurate height measuring system, wherein the two independent light source systems, the two spectral signal collecting systems and the accurate height measuring system are all located in vertical positions, and the systems form a linear structure, the two independent light source system can respectively produce two modulated light signals with two wave bands of 730-nm and 810-nm to irradiate crop canopy leaf blades, and the accurate height measuring system can determine the measuring height between a monitoring device and a crop canopy simply, conveniently, quickly and intuitively. The independent light source systems provided by the invention adopt center wave band LEDs evenly arranged in a mixed manner, light source output signals are good in uniformity and high in monitoring accuracy; the spectral signal collecting systems adopt characteristic centered wave band light filters to remove non-characteristic wave band signals in reflection light, so as to reduce external optical signal interference and improve effective signal-to-noise ratio; optical elements are few and simple, the processing is simple, and the cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant growth information intelligent detection field, be exclusively used in farmland crop growth information it is real-time, accurate,
Easy, lossless acquisition.It is related to a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring, more particularly to the work based on active light source
The light path system of thing growth information non-destructive monitoring.
Background technology
At present, real-time, quick, the lossless acquisition of field crop growth information can be provided for the accurate management of field-crop
Data supporting.Traditional field crop sampling, baking sample and chemical analyses etc. operational approach acquisition plant growth information is with time-consuming
The shortcomings of length, somewhat expensive, destructiveness, and process just can only can be analyzed in specific specialized laboratory, to experimenter
Specialty require it is strict.With developing rapidly for hyperspectral technique, the non-destructive monitoring technology based on spectral characteristic detected in Ore,
The application in the fields such as land resources investigation, lake water quality detection and agricultural remote sensing is more and more extensive.
Mainly had based on passive light source and based on two kinds of devices of active light source based on the non-destructive monitoring technology of spectral characteristic.Base
In passive light source i.e. using daylight as light source, using existing device such as ASD companies of the U.S. production of passive light source
FieldSpec4 back hanging type field spectroradiometers, FieldSpec HandHeld2 hand-held field spectroradiometers, the life of SKYE companies of Britain
SpectroSense2 ground flora spectrogrphs of product etc..Because sunlight stability is easily affected by weather, often monitoring result
Accuracy is relatively low；Master light source technology is adopted based on active light source, the impact of day photo-labile is eliminated, so that monitoring result
Accuracy increase substantially with stability.Using the existing device such as U.S. Holland scientific companies of active light source
The Crop Circle ACS-470 Handheld spectrometers of growth, the GreenSeeker handss of GreenSeeker companies of U.S. production
Hold formula spectrogrph.
Chinese patent 201310180901.9 disclose a kind of active light source type crop canopy reflection spectrum measurement device and
Method, it is proposed that the method for the spectral reflectance measurement of different scale canopy, but because of the divergence characterization of its light source emergent light, limit
The accuracy of its monitoring result, the detailed design with regard to light path system has no its relevant report.
National agricultural information project Technical Research Center develops a normalized differential vegetation index based on active light source
(NDVI) measurement system, it is proposed that the method for designing of its light path system, but have no it with regard to structure design and the phase for implementing
Close report.
The design of light path system is the key technology based on the plant growth information lossless monitoring device of active light source.In base
In the design of the plant growth information lossless monitoring device of active light source, the energy of active light source will compared with the energy of daylight
It is much smaller, it is impossible to directly to measure using illuminance sensor.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to design specific light channel structure, corresponding optically focused operation is carried out to light source output, the reflection to gathering
Light is needed using corresponding optically focused, filtering operation so as to which output spectrum is easy to the process and analysis of downstream component.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of monitoring accuracy is high, mechanical is moved,
Stable performance, the light path system for plant growth information monitoring not restricted by weather conditions.The light path system can be realized
Real-time, the accurate acquisition of crop canopies feature-sensitive wave band intensity of reflected light, using standard reflectivity bearing calibration, coupling crop
Canopy spectra data-growth information model, so as to realize the non-destructive monitoring of plant growth information, is the accurate pipe of field crops
Reason regulation and control provide Data Source.
To realize above-mentioned technical purpose, above-mentioned technique effect is reached, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring, is characterized in that including master light source system, two-way spectrum
Signal acquiring system and accurate height-finding system；The output light of master light source system 2 irradiates monitored crop canopies blade 4,
The spectroscopic acquisition system 3 gathers reflected light signal of the tested crop canopies blade 4 to the emergent light of master light source system 2；
Two-way spectroscopic acquisition system 3 and a set of accurate height-finding system are respectively positioned on vertical position, and three systems constitute linear structure,
The master light source system includes LED array 5, the first lens 7, the second lens 8 and protective glass 9；LED array 5
Less parallel light is produced, emergent light is respectively through the first lens 7, the second lens 8 and protective glass 9.
The LED array 5 is each 13 for the LED11 of 810nm by the LED10, centre wavelength that centre wavelength is 730nm respectively
Uniformly the arrangement of two rows of mixing is constituted LED 6, can produce 730nm and 810nm homogeneous mixed lights spectrum, wherein single led 6 it is straight
Footpath is 3mm.
The lens 8 of first lens 7 and second are bar type convex lens, and the size of the first lens 7 is 20mm*40mm, the
The size of two lens 8 is 10mm*40mm, and the right focus of the first lens 7 overlap with the left focus of the second lens 8, and the second lens 8 are exported
Light is a bar shaped light beam.
The structure of the two-way spectroscopic acquisition system is identical, all filters including the 3rd lens 15, specific centre wavelength
Piece 14 and photodetector array 12；The 3rd lens 15, optical filter 14 and photodetector battle array are sequentially passed through along light input path
Row 12.
3rd lens 15 are bull's-eye, and its a diameter of 25.5mm, thickness is 10mm, and focal length is 25mm.
The centre wavelength of the optical filter 14 is respectively 730nm and 810nm, and bandwidth is 10nm.
The photodetector array arranges the photodiode array of totally 6 compositions of photodiode 13 from three rows two,
Photodetector array 12 is positioned over the focal point of the 3rd lens 15, a diameter of 3mm of single photodiode.
The accurate height-finding system includes that two red miniature laser lamps 17 are constituted with shell 18；The shell 18 is used for solid
Fixed two laser lamps；
Two red miniature laser lamps 17 are identical, and output light takes on a red color point-like, between two laser lamps away from
Fix from L 16, the emergent ray of laser lamp 17 is fixed with the angle, θ 19 of horizontal direction, so as to ensure that instrument is high in fixation measuring
During degree H 20, two laser lamp emergent light spots 21 overlap.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1st, a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the invention is made using specific centre wavelength LED array
For luminous component；Specific centre wavelength LED array has and is easy to modulation, luminous intensity high, spatial uniformity and good stability etc.
Feature.
2nd, a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the invention is using the first lens and the second lens group
The compound lens mode of conjunction；The light that LED array is sent can form that spatial uniformity is good, intensity of illumination after compound lens
High bar shaped modulation light, can effectively improve signal to noise ratio, stability that spectroscopic acquisition system receives optical signal.
3rd, a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the invention is made using specific centre wavelength optical filter
For spectral band alternative pack；Specific centre wavelength optical filter can effectively remove the nonspecific centre wavelength light letter in incident illumination
Number, prevent photodetector from cannot change effective modulated spectrum signal because of light saturation, and can effectively remove in optical signal
High-frequency electromagnetic interference wave signal.
4th, a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the invention adopts photodiode array as light
Electric explorer；Photodiode has the characteristics such as frequency characteristic is good, sensitivity is high, noise is low, photoelectric transformation efficiency is high, can be effective
Ensure the stability and reliability of light path system.
5th, a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the invention is using the accurate of double excitation hot spot coincidence
Survey high mode；Double excitation hot spot overlap accurate height-finding system can meet crop canopies particularity requirement, with it is directly perceived, easy,
The advantages of accuracy is good.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the master light source system in the light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 3 is the structure of the spectroscopic acquisition system in the light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the present invention
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the accurate height-finding system in the light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the present invention
Figure.
In figure：1. laser-measured height system, 2. master light source system, 3. spectroscopic acquisition system, 4. crop canopies blade,
5.LED arrays, 6. it is single led, 7. the first lens, 8. the second lens, 9. protective glass, 10. centre wavelength for 730nm LED,
11. centre wavelengths are the LED of 810nm, 12. photodiode arrays, 13. single photodiodes, 14. optical filters, 15. the 3rd
The folder of the distance between lens, 16. liang of laser lamps L, 17. laser lamps, 18. shells, 19. laser lamp emergent rays and horizontal direction
Angle θ, 20. measurement height H, 21. liang of laser lamp emergent ray coincidence hot spots.
Specific embodiment
In order to preferably implement and understanding the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the invention will be further described：
Such as Fig. 1, a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring, including master light source system, two-way spectrum letter
Number acquisition system and accurate height-finding system；The output light of master light source system 2 irradiates monitored crop canopies blade 4, institute
State spectroscopic acquisition system 3 and gather reflected light signal of the tested crop canopies blade 4 to the emergent light of master light source system 2, essence
Really height-finding system 1 is easy, quick, intuitively determine monitoring device and the measurement height of crop canopies.Two-way spectroscopic acquisition
System and a set of accurate height-finding system are respectively positioned on vertical position, and three systems constitute linear structure,
Such as Fig. 2, the master light source system includes specific centre wavelength LED array 5, the first lens 7, the and of the second lens 8
Protective glass 9；Specific centre wavelength LED array 5 produces less parallel light, and emergent light is respectively through the first lens 7, the second lens
8th, protective glass 9, protective glass 9 is used to protect the lens from physics, chemical damage.
Such as Fig. 2, the LED array (5) of the specific centre wavelength is respectively by LED (10), the center that centre wavelength is 730nm
Wavelength uniformly mixes the arrangement of two rows and constitutes by each 13 LED 6 of LED (11) of 810nm, can produce 730nm and 810nm uniform
Mixed spectra, wherein a diameter of 3mm of single led (6).
The lens 8 of first lens 7 and second are bar type convex lens, and the size of the first lens 7 is 20mm*40mm, the
The size of two lens 8 is 10mm*40mm, and the right focus of the first lens 7 overlap with the left focus of the second lens 8, and the second lens 8 are exported
Light is a bar shaped light beam.
Such as Fig. 3, the structure of the two-way spectroscopic acquisition system is identical, all including the 3rd lens 15, specific middle cardiac wave
Long length filter 14 and photodetector array 12；The 3rd lens 15, specific centre wavelength are sequentially passed through along light input path to filter
Piece 14 and photodetector array 12.
3rd lens 15 are bull's-eye, and its a diameter of 25.5mm, thickness is 10mm, and focal length is 25mm.
The centre wavelength of the specific centre wavelength optical filter 14 is respectively 730nm and 810nm, and bandwidth is 10nm.
Such as Fig. 3, the photodetector array arranges the photodiode of totally 6 compositions of photodiode 13 from three rows two
Array, photodetector array 12 is positioned over the focal point of the 3rd lens 15, a diameter of 3mm of single photodiode.
Such as Fig. 4, the accurate height-finding system includes that two red miniature laser lamps 17 are constituted with shell 18；The shell 18
For fixing two laser lamps；
Two red miniature laser lamps 17 are identical, and output light takes on a red color point-like, between two laser lamps away from
Fix from L 16, the emergent ray of laser lamp 17 is fixed with the angle, θ 19 of horizontal direction, so as to ensure that instrument is high in fixation measuring
During degree H 20, two laser lamp emergent light spots 21 overlap.
The operation principle of light path system of the present invention is as follows：
730nm and 810nm band spectrums are the sensitive bands of crop canopies blade, crop canopies blade to 730nm and
Crop canopies blade interior structure and component information are loaded in the reflectance spectrum of 810nm band spectrums, by detecting crop hat
The 730nm and 810nm spectral reflectance information of layer blade, you can inverting plant growth information.
Prime modulation circuit produces the modulated signal control LED drive circuit of frequency fixation and lights specific centre wavelength LED,
Wherein cardiac wave a length of 730nm and 810nm, produces intensity constant, 730nm, 810nm spectral signal for being modulated, 730nm and
810nm spectral signals are irradiated in crop canopies blade after the first lens, the second lens and protective glass.
First lens play a part of optically focused, and the spectral signal that specific centre wavelength LED is produced is assembled as far as possible, improve
Light-source system exiting light beam intensity；Second lens play a part of light collimation, the spectral signal adjustment after the first lens are assembled
For parallel optical signal, the utilization rate of master light source output spectrum signal is improved.
Spectroscopic acquisition system receives reflectance spectrum signal of the crop canopies blade to 730nm, 810nm wave band,
730nm, 810nm wave band reflectance spectrum signal is respectively through the 3rd lens, specific centre wavelength optical filter, and wherein cardiac wave is a length of
730nm or 810nm, by photodetector collection the signal of telecommunication is converted to, and through late-class circuit process crop canopies blade pair is drawn
730nm, 810nm reflectance spectrum information.Because master light source output spectrum signal intensity is constant, crop canopies leaf is drawn by modeling
Reflectance of the piece to 730nm, 810nm spectrum, fusion canopy reflectance spectra information-plant growth information monitoring model is further asked
Go out the growth information of crop.
The spectral signal limited strength that master light source is produced, the change of the height of measurement influences whether spectroscopic acquisition system
Collection of the system to reflectance spectrum information, therefore the present invention is using the acquisition mode of level altitude.Due to the particularity of crop canopies,
The present invention adopts double excitation coincidence method；The distance between two laser lamps L is constant, and output angle θ is constant, according to
Only it is in height H：
The hot spot of two laser lamp outgoing could overlap, and form a hot spot, so as to simplicity, intuitively realize that level altitude is made
The monitoring of thing growth information.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring, is characterized in that including master light source system, two-way spectrum letter
Number acquisition system and accurate height-finding system；The master light source system（2）Output light irradiates monitored crop canopies blade
（4）, the spectroscopic acquisition system（3）Gather tested crop canopies blade（4）To master light source system（2）Emergent light it is anti-
Penetrate optical signal；Two-way spectroscopic acquisition system（3）Vertical position is respectively positioned on a set of accurate height-finding system, three systems constitute straight
Linear structure；The master light source system includes LED array（5）, the first lens（7）, the second lens（8）And protective glass（9）；
LED array（5）Less parallel light is produced, emergent light is respectively through the first lens（7）, the second lens（8）And protective glass（9）；
The LED array（5）Respectively by the LED that centre wavelength is 730nm（10）, centre wavelength for 810nm LED（11）Each 13
LED （6）Uniform mixing two rows arrangement is constituted, and can be produced 730nm and be composed with 810nm homogeneous mixed lights, wherein single led（6）
A diameter of 3mm；First lens（7）With the second lens（8）It is bar type convex lens, the first lens（7）Size be
20mm*40mm, the second lens（8）Size be 10mm*40mm, the first lens（7）Right focus and the second lens（8）Left focus
Overlap, the second lens（8）Output light is a bar shaped light beam；The structure of the two-way spectroscopic acquisition system is identical, all wraps
Include the 3rd lens（15）, specific centre wavelength optical filter（14）And photodetector array（12）；Along light input path successively Jing
Cross the 3rd lens（15）, optical filter（14）And photodetector array（12）；3rd lens（15）For bull's-eye, its
A diameter of 25.5mm, thickness is 10mm, and focal length is 25mm；The optical filter（14）Centre wavelength be respectively 730nm with
810nm, bandwidth is 10nm；The photodetector array arranges totally 6 photodiodes from three rows two（13）The light of composition
Electric diode array, photodetector array（12）It is positioned over the 3rd lens（15）Focal point, the diameter of single photodiode
For 3mm；The accurate height-finding system includes two red miniature laser lamps（17）With shell（18）；The shell（18）For solid
Fixed two laser lamps；Described two red miniature laser lamps（17）Identical, output light takes on a red color point-like, two laser lamps it
Between distance（16）It is fixed, laser lamp（17）The angle of emergent ray and horizontal direction（19）It is fixed, so as to ensure that instrument is in
Fixation measuring height（20）When, two laser lamp emergent light spots（21）Overlap.
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| US11181470B2 (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2021-11-23 | Sony Group Corporation | Sensing system, sensing method, and sensing device |
| CN107664631B (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2024-02-13 | 南京农业大学 | Device and method for detecting biological marker based on smart phone and preparation of sample thereof |
| CN109041760B (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2021-04-20 | 江苏大学 | System and method for monitoring operation state of cutting table of crawler-type combine harvester |
| CN112881343A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-06-01 | 吉林工程技术师范学院 | Rice monitoring equipment based on characteristic spectrogram video image |
| CN113640254B (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2023-10-24 | 淮阴师范学院 | Crop growth information sensor capable of maintaining self-balance |
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