CN103674855A - Optical path system used for monitoring crop growth information - Google Patents
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- CN103674855A CN103674855A CN201310689113.2A CN201310689113A CN103674855A CN 103674855 A CN103674855 A CN 103674855A CN 201310689113 A CN201310689113 A CN 201310689113A CN 103674855 A CN103674855 A CN 103674855A
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Abstract
An optical path system used for monitoring crop growth information is characterized by comprising two independent light source systems, two spectral signal collecting systems and an accurate height measuring system, wherein the two independent light source systems, the two spectral signal collecting systems and the accurate height measuring system are all located in vertical positions, and the systems form a linear structure, the two independent light source system can respectively produce two modulated light signals with two wave bands of 730-nm and 810-nm to irradiate crop canopy leaf blades, and the accurate height measuring system can determine the measuring height between a monitoring device and a crop canopy simply, conveniently, quickly and intuitively. The independent light source systems provided by the invention adopt center wave band LEDs evenly arranged in a mixed manner, light source output signals are good in uniformity and high in monitoring accuracy; the spectral signal collecting systems adopt characteristic centered wave band light filters to remove non-characteristic wave band signals in reflection light, so as to reduce external optical signal interference and improve effective signal-to-noise ratio; optical elements are few and simple, the processing is simple, and the cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant growth information intelligent detection field, be exclusively used in the real-time, accurate, easy, harmless of field-crop growth information and obtain.Relate to a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring, relate in particular to the light path system of the plant growth information lossless monitoring based on active light source.
Background technology
At present, the real-time, quick, harmless of field crop growth information obtains and can provide data supporting for the accurate management of field-crop.Traditional methods of operating such as field crop sampling, baking sample and chemical analysis are obtained plant growth information and are had the shortcomings such as length consuming time, somewhat expensive, destructiveness, and can only just can carry out analyzing and processing in specific specialized laboratory, experimenter's specialty be required strict.Along with developing rapidly of high spectral technique, the non-destructive monitoring technology based on spectral characteristic is more and more extensive in the application in the fields such as ore detection, land resources investigation, lake water quality detection and agricultural remote sensing.
Non-destructive monitoring technology based on spectral characteristic mainly contains based on passive light source and based on two kinds of devices of active light source.Based on passive light source, adopt daylight as light source, adopt the existing device of passive light source as FieldSpec4 back hanging type field spectroradiometer, the FieldSpec HandHeld2 hand-held field spectroradiometer of the production of U.S. ASD company, the SpectroSense2 ground flora spectrometer that Britain SKYE company produces etc.Because sunlight stability is subject to the impact of weather, often the accuracy of monitoring result is lower; Based on active light source, adopt autonomous light source technology, eliminate the unsettled impact of daylight, thereby the accuracy of monitoring result and stability are increased substantially.Adopt the existing device of active light source as the Crop Circle ACS-470 Handheld spectrometer of U.S. Holland scientific company growth, the GreenSeeker Handheld spectrometer that U.S. GreenSeeker company produces.
Chinese patent 201310180901.9 discloses a kind of active light source formula crop canopies reflective spectral measure device and method, the method of the spectral reflectance measurement of different scale canopy has been proposed, but the divergence characterization because of its light source emergent light, limit the accuracy of its monitoring result, about the detailed design of light path system, had no its relevant report.
A normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) the mensuration system based on active light source of country's IT application to agriculture Engineering Technical Research Centre development, has proposed the method for designing of its light path system, but has had no it about the relevant report of structural design and specific implementation.
The design of light path system is the gordian technique of the plant growth information lossless monitoring device based on active light source.In the design of the plant growth information lossless monitoring device based on active light source, the energy of active light source is compared much smaller with the energy of daylight, can not directly apply illuminance sensor and measure.
Therefore, need to design specific light channel structure, to light source, corresponding optically focused operation is carried out in output, to the reflected light gathering, need to adopt corresponding optically focused, optical filtering operation, makes its output spectrum be convenient to processing and the analysis of downstream component.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provide that a kind of monitoring accuracy is high, machinery-free motion, stable performance, be not subject to the light path system for plant growth information monitoring of weather conditions restriction.This light path system can be realized real-time, the Obtaining Accurate of crop canopies feature-sensitive wave band intensity of reflected light, thereby adopt standard reflectivity bearing calibration, coupling crop canopies spectroscopic data-growth information model to realize the non-destructive monitoring of plant growth information, for the accurate management regulations of land for growing field crops crops provides Data Source.
For realizing above-mentioned technical purpose, reach above-mentioned technique effect, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
For a light path system for plant growth information monitoring, it is characterized in that comprising autonomous light-source system, two-way spectral signal acquisition system and accurate height-finding system; Described autonomous light-source system 2 output illuminations are penetrated monitored crop canopies blade 4, and described spectral signal acquisition system 3 gathers the reflected light signal of 4 pairs of autonomous light-source system 2 emergent lights of tested crop canopies blade; Two-way spectral signal acquisition system 3 and a set of accurate height-finding system are all positioned at vertical position, and three systems form linear structure,
Described autonomous light-source system comprises LED array 5, first lens 7, the second lens 8 and cover glass 9; LED array 5 produces approximate directional light, and emergent light passes through respectively first lens 7, the second lens 8 and cover glass 9.
Each 13 LED6 of the LED11 that the LED10 that described LED array 5 is 730nm by centre wavelength respectively, centre wavelength are 810nm evenly mix two row arrangements and are formed, and can produce the even mixed spectra of 730nm and 810nm, and wherein single led 6 diameter is 3mm.
Described first lens 7 and the second lens 8 are bar type convex lens, first lens 7 is of a size of 20mm*40mm, the second lens 8 are of a size of 10mm*40mm, and the right focus of first lens 7 overlaps with the second lens 8 left focus, and the second lens 8 output light are a bar shaped light beam.
The structure of described two-way spectral signal acquisition system is identical, all comprises the 3rd lens 15, specific centre wavelength optical filter 14 and photodetector array 12; Along light input path successively through the 3rd lens 15, optical filter 14 and photodetector array 12.
Described the 3rd lens 15 are bull's-eye, and its diameter is 25.5mm, and thickness is 10mm, and focal length is 25mm.
The centre wavelength of described optical filter 14 is respectively 730nm and 810nm, and bandwidth is 10nm.
Described photodetector array is selected three row two row totally 6 photodiode arrays that photodiode 13 forms, and photodetector array 12 is positioned over the 3rd lens 15 focus places, and the diameter of single photodiode is 3mm.
Described accurate height-finding system comprises that two red miniature laser lamps 17 and shell 18 form; Described shell 18 is for fixing two laser lamps;
Described two red miniature laser lamps 17 are identical, the output light point-like that takes on a red color, the distance L 16 between two laser lamps is fixing, and the angle θ 19 of laser lamp 17 emergent raies and horizontal direction fixes, thereby guarantee that instrument is when fixation measuring height H 20, two laser lamp outgoing hot spots 21 overlap.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the present invention adopts specific centre wavelength LED array as luminous component; Specific centre wavelength LED array has the features such as the modulation of being easy to, high, the spectrum homogeneity of luminous intensity and good stability.
2, a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the present invention adopts the compound lens mode of first lens and the second lens combination; The light that LED array sends can form the bar shaped modulation light that spectrum good uniformity, intensity of illumination are high after compound lens, can effectively improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), the stability of spectral signal acquisition system receiving optical signals.
3, a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the present invention adopts specific centre wavelength optical filter as spectral band alternative pack; Specific centre wavelength optical filter can effectively be removed the nonspecific centre wavelength light signal in incident light, prevents that photodetector from cannot change effective modulated spectrum signal because light is saturated, and can effectively remove the high-frequency electromagnetic interference wave signal in light signal.
4, a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the present invention adopts photodiode array as photodetector; Photodiode has the characteristics such as frequency characteristic is good, highly sensitive, noise is low, photoelectric transformation efficiency is high, can effectively guarantee stability and the reliability of light path system.
5, a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the present invention adopts the high mode of accurate survey that two laser faculas overlap; The accurate height-finding system that two laser faculas overlap can meet the requirement of crop canopies singularity, has the advantages such as directly perceived, easy, accuracy is good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the autonomous light-source system of the light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the spectral signal acquisition system of the light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the accurate height-finding system of the light path system for plant growth information monitoring of the present invention.
In figure: 1. laser-measured height system, 2. autonomous light-source system, 3. spectral signal acquisition system, 4. crop canopies blade, 5.LED array, 6. single led, 7. first lens, 8. second is saturating, 9. cover glass, 10. the LED that centre wavelength is 730nm, 11. centre wavelengths are the LED of 810nm, 12. photodiode arrays, 13. single photodiodes, 14. optical filters, 15. the 3rd lens, distance L between 16. liang of laser lamps, 17. laser lamps, 18. shells, the angle theta of 19. laser lamp emergent raies and horizontal direction, 20. measuring height H, 21. liang of laser lamp emergent ray coincidence hot spots.
Embodiment
In order better to implement and to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described:
As Fig. 1, a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring, comprises autonomous light-source system, two-way spectral signal acquisition system and accurate height-finding system; Described autonomous light-source system 2 output illuminations are penetrated monitored crop canopies blade 4, described spectral signal acquisition system 3 gathers the reflected light signal of 4 pairs of autonomous light-source system 2 emergent lights of tested crop canopies blades, accurately height-finding system 1 easy, fast, determine intuitively the measuring height of monitoring device and crop canopies.Two-way spectral signal acquisition system and a set of accurate height-finding system are all positioned at vertical position, and three systems form linear structure,
As Fig. 2, described autonomous light-source system comprises specific centre wavelength LED array 5, first lens 7, the second lens 8 and cover glass 9; Specific centre wavelength LED array 5 produces approximate directional light, and emergent light passes through respectively first lens 7, the second lens 8, cover glass 9, and cover glass 9 is avoided physics, chemical damage for the protection of lens.
As Fig. 2, the LED(10 that the LED array of described specific centre wavelength (5) is 730nm by centre wavelength respectively), the LED(11 that centre wavelength is 810nm) even mixing two row of each 13 LED6 are arranged and are formed, can produce the even mixed spectra of 730nm and 810nm, wherein the diameter of single led (6) is 3mm.
Described first lens 7 and the second lens 8 are bar type convex lens, first lens 7 is of a size of 20mm*40mm, the second lens 8 are of a size of 10mm*40mm, and the right focus of first lens 7 overlaps with the second lens 8 left focus, and the second lens 8 output light are a bar shaped light beam.
As Fig. 3, the structure of described two-way spectral signal acquisition system is identical, all comprises the 3rd lens 15, specific centre wavelength optical filter 14 and photodetector array 12; Along light input path successively through the 3rd lens 15, specific centre wavelength optical filter 14 and photodetector array 12.
Described the 3rd lens 15 are bull's-eye, and its diameter is 25.5mm, and thickness is 10mm, and focal length is 25mm.
The centre wavelength of described specific centre wavelength optical filter 14 is respectively 730nm and 810nm, and bandwidth is 10nm.
As Fig. 3, described photodetector array is selected three row two row totally 6 photodiode arrays that photodiode 13 forms, and photodetector array 12 is positioned over the 3rd lens 15 focus places, and the diameter of single photodiode is 3mm.
As Fig. 4, described accurate height-finding system comprises that two red miniature laser lamps 17 and shell 18 form; Described shell 18 is for fixing two laser lamps;
Described two red miniature laser lamps 17 are identical, the output light point-like that takes on a red color, the distance L 16 between two laser lamps is fixing, and the angle θ 19 of laser lamp 17 emergent raies and horizontal direction fixes, thereby guarantee that instrument is when fixation measuring height H 20, two laser lamp outgoing hot spots 21 overlap.
The principle of work of light path system of the present invention is as follows:
730nm and 810nm band spectrum are the sensitive bands of crop canopies blade, crop canopies blade to load in the reflectance spectrum of 730nm and 810nm band spectrum crop canopies blade interior structure and component information, by detecting 730nm and the 810nm spectral reflectance information of crop canopies blade, can inverting plant growth information.
Prime modulation circuit produces the fixing modulation signal control LED drive circuit of frequency and lights specific centre wavelength LED; its centre wavelength is 730nm and 810nm; produce constant, the modulated 730nm of intensity, 810nm spectral signal, 730nm and 810nm spectral signal irradiate in crop canopies blade after first lens, the second lens and cover glass.
First lens plays a part optically focused, assembles as much as possible the spectral signal that specific centre wavelength LED produces, and improves light-source system emergent light intensity; The second lens play a part light collimation, and the spectral signal after the first approach is assembled is adjusted into parallel optical signal, improves the utilization factor from main light source output spectrum signal.
Spectral signal acquisition system receives the reflectance spectrum signal of crop canopies blade to 730nm, 810nm wave band, 730nm, 810nm wave band reflectance spectrum signal are respectively through the 3rd lens, specific centre wavelength optical filter, its centre wavelength is 730nm or 810nm, by photodetector Collect conversion, be electric signal, through late-class circuit, process and show that crop canopies blade is to 730nm, 810nm reflectance spectrum information.Because of constant from main light source output spectrum signal intensity, by modeling, draw the reflectivity of crop canopies blade to 730nm, 810nm spectrum, merge canopy reflectance spectra information-plant growth information monitoring model and then obtain the growth information of crop.
The spectral signal intensity producing from main light source is limited, and the variation of the height of measurement can have influence on the collection of spectral signal acquisition system to reflectance spectrum information, so the present invention adopts the acquisition mode of level altitude.Due to the singularity of crop canopies, the present invention adopts two laser coincidence method; Distance L between two laser lamps is constant, and emergence angle θ is constant, according to
in height H, be only:
The hot spot of two laser lamp outgoing could overlap, and forms a hot spot, thus monitoring easy, that realize intuitively level altitude plant growth information.
Claims (10)
1. for a light path system for plant growth information monitoring, it is characterized in that comprising autonomous light-source system, two-way spectral signal acquisition system and accurate height-finding system; Described autonomous light-source system (2) output illumination is penetrated monitored crop canopies blade (4), and described spectral signal acquisition system (3) gathers the reflected light signal of tested crop canopies blade (4) to autonomous light-source system (2) emergent light; Two-way spectral signal acquisition system (3) and a set of accurate height-finding system are all positioned at vertical position, and three systems form linear structure.
2. a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring according to claim 1, is characterized in that described autonomous light-source system comprises LED array (5), first lens (7), the second lens (8) and cover glass (9); LED array (5) produces approximate directional light, and emergent light passes through respectively first lens (7), the second lens (8) and cover glass (9).
3. a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the LED(10 that described LED array (5) is 730nm by centre wavelength respectively), the centre wavelength LED(11 that is 810nm) each 13 LED6 evenly mix two row and arrange and formed, can produce the even mixed spectra of 730nm and 810nm, wherein the diameter of single led (6) is 3mm.
4. a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described first lens (7) and the second lens (8) are bar type convex lens, first lens (7) is of a size of 20mm*40mm, the second lens (8) are of a size of 10mm*40mm, the right focus of first lens (7) overlaps with the second lens (8) left focus, and the second lens (8) output light is a bar shaped light beam.
5. a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring according to claim 1, the structure that it is characterized in that described two-way spectral signal acquisition system is identical, all comprises the 3rd lens (15), specific centre wavelength optical filter (14) and photodetector array (12); Along light input path successively through the 3rd lens (15), optical filter (14) and photodetector array 12.
6. a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring according to claim 1, is characterized in that described the 3rd lens (15) are bull's-eye, and its diameter is 25.5mm, and thickness is 10mm, and focal length is 25mm.
7. a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring according to claim 1, is characterized in that the centre wavelength of described optical filter (14) is respectively 730nm and 810nm, and bandwidth is 10nm.
8. a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described photodetector array selects the three row two row photodiode arrays that totally 6 photodiodes (13) form, photodetector array (12) is positioned over the 3rd lens (15) focus place, and the diameter of single photodiode is 3mm.
9. a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring according to claim 1, is characterized in that described accurate height-finding system comprises that two red miniature laser lamps (17) and shell (18) form; Described shell (18) is for fixing two laser lamps.
10. a kind of light path system for plant growth information monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described two red miniature laser lamps (17) are identical, the output light point-like that takes on a red color, distance L between two laser lamps (16) is fixing, the angle θ (19) of laser lamp (17) emergent ray and horizontal direction is fixing, thereby guarantee that instrument is when fixation measuring height H (20), two laser lamp outgoing hot spots (21) overlap.
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