CN101144778B - Spectrum reflectivity measurer - Google Patents
Spectrum reflectivity measurer Download PDFInfo
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- CN101144778B CN101144778B CN2007101190802A CN200710119080A CN101144778B CN 101144778 B CN101144778 B CN 101144778B CN 2007101190802 A CN2007101190802 A CN 2007101190802A CN 200710119080 A CN200710119080 A CN 200710119080A CN 101144778 B CN101144778 B CN 101144778B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a spectral reflectivity measuring device, which comprises an optical unit, a controlling unit and an ultrasonic ranging unit. Four optical transmitting channels are arranged in the optical unit, two upper channels adopt a cosine scatterer as an optical window, and two lower channels adopt a K9 material optical glass window. The optical window, an optical filter and a plano-convex lens are arranged at one end of the optical unit body, a sealing gasket is arranged on the both sides of the optical filter and the plano-convex lens, and a photosensor is arranged at the focal point of the other end of the plano-convex lens of the optical unit body. The controlling unit comprises a sensor, an amplifier, a digital/analog converter, a single-chip microcomputer, a U disk, a liquid crystal display and a keyboard, etc. The ultrasonic ranging unit consists of an ultrasonic sensing module based on the piezoelectricity principle. The invention achieves that the reflected light of the plant canopy and the radiating light of the sun are measured synchronously, the operational procedure of the measurement is simplified, and the measurement height is kept consistent automatically.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sensing technology and spectral measurement methods, be particularly useful for the spectral measurement methods of crop growth situation.
Background technology
Information such as vegetation growing way, nutrition can be reflected on the spectral reflectivity, based on the normalization difference vegetation index NDVI (Normalized Difference VegetationIndex) of spectroscopy principle normalized ratio, just be widely used in the field crop growing way and detect as red wave band of visible light and near-infrared band two wave bands.This class spectrum index reflects the photosynthetic effective radiation absorbing state of vegetation on the one hand, can reflect crop groups size, health degree situation on the other hand, is the vegetation index that is most widely used at present.
The spectral reflectivity measurement of crop has several different methods.U.S. ASD (AnalyticalSpectral Devices) company produces the serial spectral radiometer that is used to measure the object spectrum reflectivity, comprise full spectrum portable light spectrometer (wavelength coverage: 350-2500nm) and handheld portable spectroanalysis instrument (wavelength coverage: 300-1100nm) etc., these Instrument measuring precisions and spectral resolution are all very high, but their dispersion element all is to adopt holographic reflection grating, make instrument cost an arm and a leg, be applicable to research but be not suitable for production.
At present, the researchist mainly utilizes field spectroradiometer, obtains vegetation spectral reflectance rate curve, extracts the spectral reflectivity of red wave band and near-infrared band from the spectral reflectance rate curve, calculates the NDVI value then to judge field crop growing way detector.But the open-air portable spectrometer that uses, not only cost an arm and a leg, and can not directly judge the field crop growing way when using, the staff bears the instrument of nearly 10kg and tests at the scene, time-consuming very inconvenient, press for a kind of hand-held field crop growing way detector of exploitation, it is in light weight, be suitable for handing, can directly judge crop growthing state during on-the-spot test.
So-called vegetation reflective spectral measure based on the near-earth remote sensing technology is meant with natural lighting and measures the method for the spectral reflectivity of plant canopy or blade as light source.Therefore this method can realize real harmless, the real-time measurement because measuring equipment does not take place directly to contact with plant.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of spectrum reflectivity measurer, this measurement mechanism has overcome the weak point that above-mentioned measuring instrument exists, as light source, utilize spectrum reflectivity measurer of the present invention with natural light, can directly obtain crop vegetation index to judge crop growing state.
Technical scheme of the present invention is a kind of spectrum reflectivity measurer, described spectrum reflectivity measurer is by optical unit, three parts in control module and ultrasonic ranging unit are formed, the passage that four light transmission are arranged in described optical unit, be used to measure two upper channels of solar radiation light intensity, be used to measure two lower channels of canopy intensity of reflected light, on described, in following two corresponding passages the optical filter of identical wavelength and the photosensitive device that same material is made are arranged, described two upper channels have adopted the cosine scatterer as optical window, and described two lower channels adopt is that the optical glass made of K9 material is as window.
Each passage of optical unit of the present invention is made up of two parts, connect with screw between two parts, one end of each passage is an optical window, after the one section endoporus distance of being separated by optical filter and plano-convex lens are housed, both sides at described optical filter and plano-convex lens add packing washer, at the other end plano-convex lens focus place of each passage photosensitive device are housed.
Photosensitive device of the present invention is Si photoelectric cell or InGaAs photodiode.
The centre wavelength of two interior optical filters of passage up and down of the present invention is respectively: 610nm and 1220nm.
Control module of the present invention be by sensor connect amplifier, linking number weighted-voltage D/A converter, connect single-chip microcomputer, described single-chip microcomputer connects USB flash disk, LCD, keyboard again.
Ultrasonic ranging of the present invention unit is based on the ultrasound wave sensing module of piezoelectric principle.
The technique effect that the present invention produced is:
1, measure reflected light and radiant light the time: the present invention has realized that crop canopies is catoptrical to be measured solar radiation light simultaneously measuring, and has simplified the operation steps of measuring.
2, the design of sensor passage: independent design of the present invention collection solar radiation light and the catoptrical passage of crop.No matter be to select at optical device, still the design aspect in optical channel inner structure, size all has distinctive feature.
3, the sealing of photometry chamber: the present invention has designed airtight light chamber, has avoided the influence of other parasitic lights, has guaranteed the accuracy of measurement result.
4, the validity of photometry wavelength: the crop normalized differential vegetation index based on photometry wavelength proposed by the invention is set up, can reflect the crop growing state status information effectively.
5, Intellectualized monitoring and data processing software: the crop growing state detector can accurately be measured the normalized differential vegetation index of crop, can also carry out correct diagnosis to the growing way of crop according to crop species and plant growth period.
6, usb data memory function: the present invention has possessed the usb data memory function, has realized the quick storage of mass data, and convenient and swift.
7, the consistance of measuring distance: the present invention utilizes ultrasound wave to measure the distance of crop canopies and instrument according to the ultrasonic ranging principle, has guaranteed that instrument is constant apart from the height of canopy, thereby has realized the consistance of apparatus measures scope.
8, simple to operate: simple to operate, the safety of the present invention, the data acquisition control unit volume is less, and convenient the installation is suitable for the on-the-spot use in farmland very much.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 instrument overall construction drawing;
The structural drawing of Fig. 2 optical unit passage;
The theory diagram of Fig. 3 data acquisition and processing (DAP) unit;
Fig. 4 instrument power source transfer principle figure;
Fig. 5 amplifying circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 A/D change-over circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 button de-twitter circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 serial communication circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 liquid crystal interface figure;
Figure 10 USB flash disk module interface figure;
Figure 11 single chip machine controlling circuit schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the present invention is further described.
As Fig. 1.Instrument is made up of optical unit 100,200 3 parts of control module 300 and ultrasonic ranging unit.The passage that four light transmission are arranged in the optical unit 100, above two passages (passage 3,4) be used for measuring the light intensity of solar radiation, below two passages (passage 1,2) be used for measuring the canopy intensity of light reflected, in two passages of upper and lower correspondence ( passage 1 and 4, passage 2 and 3) optical filter 40 of identical wavelength and the photosensitive device 60 that same material is made are arranged.For fear of the influence of sun angle to measure producing, above two passages adopted the cosine scatterer as optical window 20.And two following passages are because what measure is the light of crop reflection, so what adopt is that the optical glass made of K9 material is as window.When using the reflectance spectrum of apparatus measures crop canopies, optical unit is placed on the top of canopy, and the light signal that at this moment collects will convert electric signal to, and the electric signal after the conversion is sent to control module again and carries out follow-up processing.Ultrasonic wave module 200 is fixed in the optical unit 100, be fixed on the straight-bar with optical unit, both hands lift straight-bar optical unit are placed the crop top, when instrument and distance between the canopy are identical with predefined height, controller will be sounded a buzzer, and just can carry out the measurement of spectral reflectivity this moment.Instrument is identical with distance between the canopy in the time of can guaranteeing to measure so at every turn, thereby has guaranteed the consistance of measurement range.
Fig. 2 is the structural drawing of instrumental optics unit channel.As can be seen from Figure 2 each optical device of each channel interior order and position of laying.Each passage all is made up of two parts.Connect with screw 70 between them, and be fixed in the optical unit 100.Fig. 2 is exactly the synoptic diagram that they link together.Two parts contact position is all seamless, can prevent that like this external stray light from sneaking into, and guarantees that the photometry chamber seal, thereby has guaranteed the accuracy of measurement.The optical element of placing in the passage is optical window 20, optical filter 40, plano-convex lens 50 and photosensitive device 60 successively.In order to prevent that extruding from causing device failure in the passage, so all put rubber washer 30 in the front and back of optical filter 40 and plano-convex lens 50.Play protective effect on the one hand, played airtight effect on the one hand.The field angle of passage is 30 °, the diameter of optical window is 12.5mm, passage inner diameter d 0=12.5-2.25*2=8mm then, so the length h1=2* of lens distance optical window (d0/2) * ctg (30 °/2) ≈ 29.9mm, wherein the thickness d 1 of optical window is 2mm, and the thickness d 2 of packing ring is 2mm, and the thickness d 3 of optical filter is 4mm, the thickness d 4 of lens is 6mm, so the length of h2 is 3*d2+d3+d4=16mm among Fig. 2.Because the area of photosurface is very little on the photosensitive device, therefore the light intensity that receives is just very little, and the electric current that converts to is also just very faint, is not easy to follow-up processing.In order to strengthen the sun light intensity that photosensitive device receives, the light that has used lens will inject in the passage in the design converges, and the distance by h3, photosensitive device is placed on the focus place of lens, thereby has reached the purpose that strengthens the sunlight intensity that receives.The diameter of selected lens is that 16mm, focal length F are 18.1mm in the design, so h3 length is F-d2=16.1mm among Fig. 2.By experiment and result of study alone, two sensitive bands that can reflect crop growing state have been selected.The selected wavelength of red spectral band is 610nm, and corresponding photosensitive device is the Si photoelectric cell.That the selected wavelength of near-infrared band selects is 1220nm, and selected photosensitive device is the InGaAs photodiode.Photosensitive device is placed on the focus of plano-convex lens.The length of h4 and d5 is according to the height of photosensitive device and diameter and fixed.When the photosensitive device of placing in the passage was the Si photoelectric cell, the length of h4 and d5 was respectively 3.2mm, 7.6mm; When the photosensitive device of placing in the passage was the InGaAs photodiode, the length of h4 and d5 was respectively 3.25mm, 4.7mm.
Fig. 3 is the theory diagram of data acquisition and processing (DAP) unit.The data acquisition and processing (DAP) unit comprises signal amplification circuit, number mould (A/D) converter, processor, memory circuit, LCD display circuit, keyboard control circuit, and ultrasonic distance measuring module.Distance between ultrasonic wave module surveying instrument and the canopy is sent into this measured value in the single-chip microcomputer by serial ports then, and when equating with preset value as if measured value, controller is sounded a buzzer, and just can begin this moment to measure.Photosensitive device is converted to electric signal with the light signal that receives during collection, amplify through amplifier again, send to then several mould (A/D) converter, analog signal conversion is become digital signal, single-chip microcomputer is handled computing again, at last the result is presented on the liquid crystal display, data can also be stored in the USB flash disk by the USB mouth.
Fig. 4 is instrument power source transfer principle figure.Instrument use 8.4V, 200mAh's is battery powered.Chip 7805 can convert the supply voltage of+8.4V to+and the voltage (VCC) of 5V is A/D conversion chip, single-chip microcomputer, USB flash disk module, Liquid Crystal Module, serial port communication chip power supply.VCC passes through power module A0505S/D-1W again, with being input as+the voltage output of the voltage transitions one-tenth ± 5V of 5V, is to amplify chip power supply.
Fig. 5 is the amplifying circuit schematic diagram of passage 1 among the design.The amplifying circuit of four passages all is identical.D1 represents the signal of passage 1 output.CH0 is that passage 1 is through amplifying later output signal.Amplifier that the design adopts is instrument amplifier chip I NA128.This chip has very high precision, low noise, and low input bias current, low-power consumption, and also using method is easy.R2 is an adjustable potentiometer, just can obtain 1～10000 gain by regulating R2.
Fig. 6 be number mould (A/D) change-over circuit be used for the analog signal conversion of sensor output is become the manageable digital signal of single-chip microcomputer.The present invention has four road signal demands to handle, and in order to guarantee signal detection accuracy, so select 12 A/D conversion chip MAX186 with 8 passages for use.1,2,3,4 pins are input ends of analog quantity, connect the simulating signal of 1,2,3,4 outputs respectively, and 17,15 pins are input, output terminals of serial data, and they are connected with the P1.3 mouth with the P1.2 of single-chip microcomputer respectively.16 pins are serial gating output terminals, are connected with the P1.4 mouth of single-chip microcomputer, and under the internal clocking pattern, during beginning A/D conversion, the SSTRB step-down; When converting, SSTRB uprises.18 pins are chip selection signals, are connected with the P1.0 mouth of single-chip microcomputer, have only the P1.0 mouth to put that MAX187 could begin to carry out analog to digital conversion low the time.Pin one 9 is serial clock inputs, is connected with the P1.1 mouth of single-chip microcomputer.Because what the present invention selected for use is the outside reference voltage source, therefore use LM4040 to be used for external power source is stabilized in 4.096V.
Fig. 7 is external interrupt 0 and the external interrupt 1 that collection key and storage key connect single-chip microcomputer respectively, is set to down jump along triggering, and is necessary dithering process.The present invention adopts Sheffer stroke gate to constitute rest-set flip-flop, has solved the problem of key jitter.
Fig. 8 is that the measured numerical value of ultrasonic distance measuring module is sent in the single-chip microcomputer by the mode of serial communication, and selected herein chip is MAX232.12,10 pins of its chips link to each other with serial input, the delivery outlet of single-chip microcomputer respectively.
Fig. 9 is that liquid crystal display circuit is used for the duty of display system and the result of measurement.The external adjustable potentiometer in pin 3 and 18 two ends is used for brightness regulation.D1 is used for dividing potential drop, guarantees that liquid crystal carries out being operated in 4.0V～4.4V when backlight, plays the effect of protection liquid crystal.The mode of operation that in native system liquid crystal is adopted is a serial mode.The model of selected liquid crystal is LCM128645ZK.Mask register RS, read-write control RW, the initial E that reads and writes data link to each other with P1.5, P1.7, the P1.6 pin of single-chip microcomputer respectively, by single-chip microcomputer its read-write are controlled.
Figure 10 is the interface circuit of USB flash disk module and single-chip microcomputer.What the present invention selected for use is the working method that walks abreast.D0-D7 is 8 BDB Bi-directional Data Bus; Interrupt request output INT#, address signal line A0, read gate input RD#, write gate input WR#, enabling signal input STA#, sheet selected control system input CS# link to each other with P2.6, P2.0, P3.7, P3.6, P2.5, the P2.7 pin of single-chip microcomputer respectively.
Figure 11 is that main control unit is used to realize data processing, peripheral hardware control.Other peripheral circuits have clock circuit, reset circuit and button de-twitter circuit.As Figure 11 and shown in Figure 7.The peripheral hardware that relates to comprises A/D modular converter, USB flash disk module, Liquid Crystal Module and ultrasonic distance measuring module.Pin P1.0-P1.4 links to each other with the A/D modular converter, is used to control analog-to-digital work.Pin P1.5-P1.7 links to each other with liquid crystal interface, and the result after single-chip microcomputer is handled is presented on the liquid crystal display.Pin P0.0-P0.7, P2.0, P2.5-P2.7, P3.6, P3.7 link to each other with the USB flash disk module, and the result is stored in the USB flash disk by parallel mode.Pin P3.0, P3.1 link to each other with serial port communication chip MAX232, and the distance that ultrasonic distance measuring module measures is sent in the single-chip microcomputer.In a word, the co-ordination of entire circuit is all controlled by single-chip microcomputer and is finished.
Claims (6)
1. spectrum reflectivity measurer, this spectrum reflectivity measurer is by optical unit, three parts in control module and ultrasonic ranging unit are formed, the passage that four light transmission are arranged in described optical unit, be used to measure two upper channels of solar radiation light intensity, be used to measure two lower channels of canopy intensity of reflected light, on described, in following two corresponding passages the optical filter of identical wavelength and the photosensitive device that same material is made are arranged, it is characterized in that: described two upper channels have adopted the cosine scatterer as optical window, and described two lower channels adopt is that the optical glass made of K9 material is as window.
2. spectrum reflectivity measurer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: each passage of described optical unit is by being made up of two parts, connect with screw between two parts, one end of each passage is an optical window, after the one section endoporus distance of being separated by optical filter and plano-convex lens are housed, both sides at described optical filter and plano-convex lens add packing washer, at the other end plano-convex lens focus place of each passage described photosensitive device are housed.
3. spectrum reflectivity measurer according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described photosensitive device is Si photoelectric cell or InGaAs photodiode.
4. spectrum reflectivity measurer according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the centre wavelength of optical filter is respectively in described upper and lower two passages: 610nm and 1220nm.
5. spectrum reflectivity measurer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described control module be by sensor connect amplifier, linking number weighted-voltage D/A converter, connect single-chip microcomputer, described single-chip microcomputer connects USB flash disk, LCD, keyboard again.
6. spectrum reflectivity measurer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described ultrasonic ranging unit is based on the ultrasound wave sensing module of piezoelectric principle.
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| CN2007101190802A CN101144778B (en) | 2007-06-19 | 2007-06-19 | Spectrum reflectivity measurer |
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| CN2007101190802A CN101144778B (en) | 2007-06-19 | 2007-06-19 | Spectrum reflectivity measurer |
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| CN101144778B true CN101144778B (en) | 2010-09-08 |
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Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101839732B (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2012-02-01 | 北京师范大学 | Vegetation structure parameter measurement device based on wireless sensor network |
| CN102156128A (en) * | 2010-04-17 | 2011-08-17 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for remote sensing monitoring and predicting protein content of winter wheat grains |
| CN103149162B (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2015-04-29 | 南京农业大学 | Portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source |
| CN105698931A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-06-22 | 北京师范大学 | A multi-point spectrum acquisition apparatus |
| CN106872028B (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2018-09-04 | 安徽大学 | A kind of crop physical and chemical parameter measuring apparatus and measurement method |
| CN107340059A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-11-10 | 集礼（上海）国际贸易有限公司 | Sunshine test system and method |
| CN107976921B (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2019-08-02 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of fertilizer apparatus and method |
| CN107991245B (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2020-02-07 | 中国农业大学 | Crop spectrum information acquisition device and crop vegetation index acquisition method |
| CN110702166B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-09-28 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Device for measuring plant canopy parameters |
| CN110672655A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-01-10 | 上海卫星装备研究所 | In-situ detection system and method for thermal radiation performance |
| CN111398227B (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2021-02-19 | 浙江大学 | Sunlight-induced chlorophyll fluorescence measurement system suitable for observation of crop in whole growth period |
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| CN1249432C (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2006-04-05 | 农工大Tlo株式会社 | Observation device for soil characteristic and observation method for soil characteristic |
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| CN1746660A (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2006-03-15 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Measurement and measuring device for crop crown layer pigment ratio |
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