CN1746660A - Measurement and measuring device for crop crown layer pigment ratio - Google Patents
Measurement and measuring device for crop crown layer pigment ratio Download PDFInfo
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- CN1746660A CN1746660A CN 200410074311 CN200410074311A CN1746660A CN 1746660 A CN1746660 A CN 1746660A CN 200410074311 CN200410074311 CN 200410074311 CN 200410074311 A CN200410074311 A CN 200410074311A CN 1746660 A CN1746660 A CN 1746660A
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Abstract
A method for measuring pigment ratio of crop canopy includes detecting incoming light of sunlight and reflecting light of vegetation separately by utilizing sunlight as light source and by setting six photoelectric transducers with the same spectrum response character at three wavelength places of near infrared, `red light and blue light; using micro controller to solve out SIPI value according to SIPI value calculation formula after detected signal is A / D converted, and obtaining result characterizing state of crop growth based on SIPI calculation and displaying result on liquid crystal screen.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant physiology instrument field, be particularly related to a kind of method of crop canopies reflective spectral measure crop crown layer pigment ratio and instrument that designs based on the method for utilizing, can measure the canopy pigment ratio of crop quickly and easily, exactly the crop growthing state situation is assessed, according to water, fertile demand being implemented variable fertilization and irrigation, vital role is arranged again to instructing arable farming the different growing stage crop.
Background technology
Done a large amount of research about remote sensing crop nutrition content content monitoring forefathers, Blackmer etc. (1996) think the reflectance spectrum of single leaf and the influence that projection spectrum is lacked by nitrogen; Daughtry (2000) proposes to use the reflectance spectrum of crop canopies to carry out the evaluation of canopy chlorophyll content etc.Research in the past mainly is to carry out statistical study between canopy spectra and the nitrogen content with target experiment indoor measurement, and screening sensitive band and band combination carry out the remote sensing monitoring of canopy biochemical component.Analysis draws the pigment ratio content that can use the insensitive vegetation index of structure (SIPI) to come the inverting crop canopies through great number tested data in this research, and we select carotenoid and chlorophyllous ratio for use pigment ratio.The insensitive vegetation index of canopy structure (SIPI) in nineteen ninety-five by
Deng proposition.SIPI is defined as:
SIPI＝(R800-R445)/(R800-R680) (1)
R wherein
800, R
680, R
445Being respectively at wavelength is 800nm, the spectral reflectance rate score at 680nm and 445nm place.Studies show that in a large number near-infrared band 800nm can be used for reducing the influence of structure of the part of blade surface and blade interior.Wave band 445nm and 680nm are respectively the absorption peaks of carotenoid and chlorophyll a.This paper adopts the insensitive vegetation index of canopy structure (SIPI) to come the ratio of inverting canopy carotenoid and chlorophyll a.Crop is caused under physiology, biochemical substances changes and then upgrowth situation changes the situation at environment-stress etc., make the carotenoid in the object and the relative content of chlorophyll a and change, so make carotenoid in the object and the relative content of chlorophyll a can reflect the growth conditions of crop.
As shown in Figure 1, have extremely significant linear dependence level between the insensitive vegetation index of canopy structure in florescence and canopy carotenoid and the chlorophyll a ratio under the different fertilizer and water conditions of different cultivars, the coefficient of determination of equation is 0.7207, and number of samples is 64.The result of study about the result of study of the variation relation of carotenoid and chlorophyll a such as Merzlyak (1999) of experiment is consistent.All think crop coerce with old and feeble situation under the chlorophyllous rate of decay fast than carotenoid.Fig. 1 shows and can use the insensitive vegetation index of canopy structure (SIPI) to carry out canopy carotenoid and the inverting of chlorophyll a ratio of crop.
At present, often adopt field spectroradiometer to carry out the measurement of SIPI, this measuring method equipment needed thereby complex structure, weight are big, value is expensive, operating difficulties, and measurement data also needs to carry out secondary treating, so be difficult to apply.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of new method that is used to measure the crop canopies crop crown layer pigment ratio, crop crown layer pigment ratio tester according to the design of this method is in light weight, volume is little, cost is low, and is simple in structure, easy to use, be suitable for producing in enormous quantities and using.
A kind of new method of measuring crop crown layer pigment ratio, adopt daylight as passive light source, respectively the reflected light of sun incident light and tested vegetation is surveyed at three characteristic wavelength places, record sun incident light and vegetation reflected light radiation signal intensity at blue light, ruddiness and three characteristic wave bands of near infrared, these six radiomimesis signals are changed through A/D, and handle by the computing formula of the insensitive vegetation index of canopy structure (SIPI) by microcontroller, obtain the SIPI value, final calculation result is passed through liquid crystal display displays.In addition, can store and upload measurement result.The key point of this method is to adopt interference filter to filter to produce three required characteristic wavelengths among the present invention.
The crop crown layer pigment ratio measuring instrument that designs according to said method comprises as six photodetectors 38,39,40,47,48,49 in the accompanying drawing 4, optical lens 53,54,55, A/D converter 42, single-chip microcomputer 43,44, six spike interference filters of display 35,36,37,50,51,52; Six spike interference filters are divided into three groups, and every group is two identical optical filters of optical characteristics, and their centre wavelength lays respectively near infrared (0.795-0.805 μ m) and ruddiness (0.665-0.675 μ m) and blue light (0.44-0.45 μ m) wave band; Measure be coupled respectively before three photodetectors of the sun incident optical signal near infrared filter 37, ruddiness optical filter 36 and blue filter 35, be provided with diffuser 32,33,34 before the optical filter 35,36,37, to reduce the influence of daylight incident angle; Be provided with image-forming objective lens 53,54,55 before three photodetectors of measurement vegetation reflected light signal, image-forming objective lens will be provided with near infrared filter 52, ruddiness optical filter 51 and blue filter 50 in the middle of image-forming objective lens and photodetector apart from the vegetation target imaging about 1.3m on the photosurface of the detector of light.Detector and opticator connect into an airtight integral body by lens barrel.
Memory circuit on the instrument can be with the data storage measured on instrument, and the user can upload the data to by the RS232 serial ports and further analyze on the host computer PC and handle.
The eeprom memory that data are not lost after expansion LCD demonstration, the power down on the single-chip microcomputer on the instrument, serial a/d converter, signal conditioning circuit etc.
The guidance panel of instrument separates with apparatus subject, and guidance panel is fixed on the instrument handle, near the operator, and convenient the use.In addition, handle has 3 rotary freedoms with the connector of apparatus subject.
The principle of work of this instrument is as follows: utilize daylight (sunshine) to make light source, by 6 photoelectric sensors, in near infrared and three certain wave strong points of visible light, respectively the canopy reflected light of daylight incident light and vegetation to be measured is surveyed, six parameters that record, after Analog-digital conversion, handle to obtain the SIPI value by single-chip microcomputer, the gained result is shown by LCD (LCD).In should using, be E if instrument records the incident optical signal of 445nm characteristic wave strong point
445, corresponding wavelength vegetation reflected light signal is E
R445The incident optical signal of 680nm characteristic wave strong point is E
680, corresponding wavelength vegetation reflected light signal is E
R680The incident optical signal of 800nm characteristic wave strong point is E
800, corresponding wavelength vegetation reflected light signal is E
R800, then have:
K in the formula
800, k
680And k
445Be proportionality constant (instrument parameter), by the characterisitic parameter decision of optical system (incident portion and reflecting part), photoelectric sensor and the adaptive amplifier and the circuit thereof of instrument.If make k
680=k
1k
800, k
445=k
2k
800Just have
Formula (2) shows: as long as determine the characteristic constant k undetermined of instrument
1, k
2Just can try to achieve the SIPI value, and then draw crop crown layer pigment ratio by the signal that six photoelectric sensors record.
The effect of the photoelectric sensor of above-mentioned peculiar spectrum response characteristic is an energy of measuring the light of specific wavelength.Come as can be seen from the computing formula of SIPI, the key point of measuring SIPI is to obtain the energy of three specific wavelengths, and the measurement of the energy of three characteristic wavelengths realizes by photoelectric sensor.Photoelectric sensor is made up of spike interference filter, silicon photoelectric sensor and adaptive amplifier thereof etc.Spike interference filter is the precision optics filtering device that is based upon on the optical thin film principle of interference, and the interior light of passband passed through near it allowed centre wavelength, and this has just produced three characteristic wavelengths.Six spike interference filters are divided into three groups, every group is two identical optical filters of characteristic, their centre wavelength lays respectively near infrared (0.795-0.805 μ m) and ruddiness (0.665-0.675 μ m) wave band and blue light (0.44-0.45 μ m), the bandwidth of interference filter should guarantee that spectral reflectivity does not have significant change in passband, to guarantee the measuring accuracy of SIPI.Six silicon photoelectric sensors and six spike interference filters are formed three groups of photoelectric sensors, be respectively applied for the catoptrical detection of near infrared, ruddiness and blue light three characteristic wave strong points incident light and vegetation, the silicon photoelectric sensor has higher spectrum sensitivity near infrared and Visible Light Characteristics wavelength place, and its photosurface size will guarantee to have the enough large-signal output and the linearity under different daylight illumination conditions.Three incident light electric transducers are installed in the top of instrument, are used for measuring the intensity of incident daylight; Three retroreflective photoelectric sensors are installed in the below of instrument, towards tested vegetation, are used to measure the catoptrical intensity of plant.
The effect of above-mentioned optical system is height and the area that guarantees measurement.Optical system comprises the receiving objective of frosted glass, aperture and the vegetation light reflective sensor front of incident daylight signal transducer front.The focal length of receiving objective has determined the measuring height that adopts.Optical system and photoelectric sensor are fixing as a whole by the mirror letter.
The characteristic constant k undetermined of above-mentioned instrument
1, k
2Determine that can try to achieve by the reference plate that equates near infrared, ruddiness and three characteristic wave strong points of blue light spectral reflectivity is demarcated, the size of reference plate should conform to the instrument investigative range.In addition, also can try to achieve reflectivity with field spectroradiometer demarcates.
The effect of parts such as the A/D converter of above-mentioned instrument, storer, display, single-chip microcomputer is that the simulating signal that the adaptive amplifying circuit of silicon photoelectric sensor is exported is become digital signal through the analog-digital converter conversion, again by one-chip computer (3) calculating by formula, obtain the SIPI value by LCD (LCD), at last, be to obtain upgrowth situation to show according to SIPI value and fertilizer and water condition linear dependence.Measurement data can be stored in the storer of instrument, and can upload the data to PC by level shifting circuit.
Description of drawings
For a nearly step is understood characteristics of the present invention and advantage, need with reference to following explanation and accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 be the insensitive vegetation index of canopy structure in florescence with canopy carotenoid and chlorophyll a ratio between and the relation of the different fertilizer and water conditions of different cultivars;
Fig. 2 is the shape assumption diagram of crop crown layer pigment ratio measuring instrument;
Fig. 3 is the theory diagram of crop crown layer pigment ratio measuring instrument;
Fig. 4 is a crop crown layer pigment ratio measuring instrument inner structure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 5 is a crop crown layer pigment ratio measuring instrument circuit diagram.
Fig. 6 is a crop crown layer pigment ratio measuring instrument circuit board component layout.
Embodiment
Vertically downward apart from 1.3 meters of vegetation canopy, its corresponding ground field range is 1m * 1m with the crop crown layer pigment ratio measuring instrument, if the sunshine that sensor 38 receives is 45watts/ (m in the spectral radiance of (0.44-0.45 μ m) wave band
2), the sunshine that sensor 39 receives is 90watts/ (m in the spectral radiance of (0.665-0.675 μ m) wave band
2), the sunshine that sensor 40 receives is 80watts/ (m in the spectral radiance of (0.795-0.805 μ m) wave band
2), the vegetation canopy that sensor 47 receives is 2.25watts/ (m in the spectral reflectance intensity of (0.44-0.45 μ m) wave band
2), the vegetation canopy that sensor 48 receives is 45watts/ (m in the spectral reflectance intensity of (0.665-0.675 μ m) wave band
2), the vegetation canopy that sensor 49 receives is 20watts/ (m in the spectral reflectance intensity of (0.665-0.675 μ m) wave band
2), can calculating at this moment by formula (2) so, the vegetation canopy is 5% at the spectral reflectivity of blue wave band, spectral reflectivity at red spectral band is 50%, is 25% at the spectral reflectivity of infrared band, and the SIPI value of being calculated the vegetation canopy by formula (1) is-0.8.According to the relation of SIPI value, obtain the parameter of the growth conditions that characterizes crop then with pigment ratio.This parameter can be shown, stores and upload.
Should avoid health to the blocking of sunshine during use, and the suggestion gauger wears dark clothes, reduce the clothes reflected light the catoptrical influence of canopy.
Below we describe the implementation method of instrument in detail:
Fig. 1 be the insensitive vegetation index of canopy structure in florescence with canopy carotenoid and chlorophyll a ratio between and the relation of the different fertilizer and water conditions of different cultivars.This relation is the summary of a large amount of spectroscopic test data, and final result displayed is obtained by this relation.
Fig. 2 is the shape assumption diagram of portable crop canopy pigment ratio measuring instrument, 1 is 445nm incident light sensor among the figure, and 2 is 670nm incident light sensor, and 3 is 800nm incident light sensor, these three sensors are measured the incident intensity of daylight three characteristic wave strong points vertically upward.4 is power switch device among the figure, and this instrument adopts powered battery.5 is RS232 serial ports among the figure, can connect with computer by serial by Serial Port Line, finishes uploading of measurement data.6 is the 445nm light reflective sensor among the figure, and 7 is the 670nm light reflective sensor, and 8 is the 800nm light reflective sensor, and these three sensors are measured the energy of reflection light of the canopy of selected vegetation in the characteristic wave strong point vertically downward.Among the figure 9 for instrument with the connector between the handle 11, it has the rotary freedom of 3 directions, is used for adjusting angle and the height of instrument with handle.10 is guidance panel among the figure, and guidance panel is fixed on the handle 11, handled easily personnel's operation.LCD 13 and operation push-button 12 are arranged on the guidance panel 10, the liquid crystal display displays measurement result, button is used for instrument is carried out various operations.14 is tested vegetation among the figure, and the specifying measurement area is 1m * 1m among the present invention, and measuring height is 1.3m.
Fig. 3 is the theory diagram of portable crop canopy pigment ratio measuring instrument, 15 sensors for the incident optical signal that is used to measure infrared light characteristic wave strong point among the figure, 16 sensors for the vegetation reflected light signal that is used to measure infrared light characteristic wave strong point, 17 sensors for the incident optical signal that is used to measure ruddiness characteristic wave strong point, 18 sensors for the vegetation reflected light signal that is used to measure ruddiness characteristic wave strong point, 19 sensors for the incident optical signal that is used to measure ruddiness characteristic wave strong point, 20 sensors for the vegetation reflected light signal that is used to measure ruddiness characteristic wave strong point, 21～26 is the adapter circuit of photoelectric sensor, 27 A/D (Analog-digital) converters for the band multiway analog switch, 28 is one-chip computer, 29 is that the numerical value that is used for the explicit identification crop growth conditions gets LCD, the 30th, carry out data storage and get storer, the 31 serial ports level transferring chip that adopt for data upload.
Fig. 4 is a portable crop canopy pigment ratio measuring instrument inner structure synoptic diagram, during use as shown in the figure vertically downward, 32, the diffuser of 33 and 34 Wei Mo sand glasses, to reduce the influence that day angle of light causes signal amplitude, below this diffuser 35,36 and 37 is respective wavelength scope (0.795-0.805 μ m), the spike interference filter of (0.665-0.675 μ m) and (0.44-0.45 μ m), sun incident light with other wavelength of elimination only allows the light of characteristic wave strong point pass through, 38,39 and 40 is three identical photoelectric sensors, to measure optical filter 35, the solar irradiation intensity of the blue light of 36 and 37 correspondences (0.44-0.45 μ m) ruddiness (0.665-0.675 μ m) and near infrared light (0.795-0.805 μ m) characteristic wave strong point, 53,54 and 55 is three identical receiving objectives, design field angle (FOV), make the desired investigative range of instrument (as 1m * 1m), be imaged on the silicon photoelectric sensor 47 of focal plane of lens from vegetation a distance (as 1.3m) at instrument, on 48 and 49 the photosurface, 50,51 and 52 are and 35,36 and 37 same interference narrow band pass filters, be positioned at receiving objective 53,54,55 and photoelectric sensor 47,48, in the middle of 49, to produce optical filter 50,51,52 corresponding blue lights (0.44-0.45 μ m), the vegetation reflected light of ruddiness (0.665-0.675 μ m) and near infrared light (0.795-0.805 μ m) characteristic wave strong point, photoelectric sensor 47 like this, 48 and 49 receive vegetation respectively at blue light (0.44-0.45 μ m), the reflected light of ruddiness (0.665-0.675 μ m) and near infrared light (0.795-0.805 μ m) spectral range, 41 is 19 volts general dry battery, it provides the energy for the crop crown layer pigment ratio diagnostic equipment, 42 A/D converters for the band multiway analog switch, it is a digital signal with the analog signal conversion of 6 photoelectric sensors, and export to single-chip microcomputer 43, single-chip microcomputer 43 receives 6 blue lights (0.44-0.45 μ m) that photoelectric sensor obtains, the solar irradiation intensity and the vegetation reflective light intensity of ruddiness (0.665-0.675 μ m) and near infrared light (0.795-0.805 μ m) characteristic wavelength scope, calculate the SIPI value according to formula (3), 44 is display screen, it shows the SIPI value of single-chip microcomputer output, measurement data can be stored in the data-carrier store 45, can measurement data be sent on the host computer PC by serial ports 46 when needing.
Fig. 5 is a crop crown layer pigment ratio measuring instrument circuit diagram, and 56 is the serial ports level shifting circuit, and acp chip is the MAX232 of U.S. letter.57 is the monolithic microcomputer kernel circuit, comprises reset circuit, watch dog monitoring circuit, clock circuit etc.58 is analog to digital conversion circuit, has adopted Texas Instrument's moral 12 bit serial accuracy A D, and interface is simple, and precision meets the demands.59 is photoelectric sensor and adapter circuit, and amplifying circuit is connected into circuit and amplifies form.60 is memory circuitry, has adopted the EEPROM with iic bus, and the outage data are not lost.61 is the liquid crystal interface circuit, has adopted 4 segmentation liquid crystal among the present invention, and data-interface is a serial form.62 is power circuit, adopts the 7805 9v direct currents with battery to be converted to the 5v feed system among the present invention and uses.63 is the keystroke interface circuit.
Fig. 6 is a crop crown layer pigment ratio measuring instrument circuit board component layout.64 is operation push-button among the figure; 65 is operational amplifier; 66 is clamp diode; 67 is slide resistor; 68 is storer; 69 is microcontroller; 70 is the LCD interface; 71 is level translator; 72 reset and watchdog chip; 73 is A/D converter; 74 is crystal oscillator; 75 is serial ports.
Claims (5)
1. method of measuring crop crown layer pigment ratio, it is characterized in that: adopt daylight as passive light source, respectively the reflected light of sun incident light and tested vegetation is surveyed at three characteristic wavelength places, record sun incident light and vegetation reflected light at blue light, the radiation signal intensity of ruddiness and three characteristic wave bands of near infrared, these six radiomimesis signals are changed through A/D, and handle by the computing formula of the insensitive vegetation index of canopy structure (SIPI) by microcontroller, obtain the SIPI value, final calculation result is passed through liquid crystal display displays, in addition, can store and upload measurement result; The key point of this method is to adopt interference filter to filter to produce three required characteristic wavelengths among the present invention.
2. crop crown layer pigment ratio measuring instrument that designs according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it comprises six photodetectors (38), (39), (40), (47), (48), (49), optical lens (53), (54), (55), A/D converter (42), single-chip microcomputer (43), display (44), six spike interference filters (35), (36), (37), (50), (51), (52); Six spike interference filters are divided into three groups, and every group is two identical optical filters of optical characteristics, and their centre wavelength lays respectively near infrared (0.795-0.805 μ m) and ruddiness (0.665-0.675 μ m) and blue light (0.44-0.45 μ m) wave band; Near infrared filter (37), ruddiness optical filter (36) and blue filter (35) are coupled respectively before three photodetectors of measurement sun incident optical signal, optical filter (35), (36), (37) preceding diffuser (32), (33), (34) of being provided with are to reduce the influence of daylight incident angle; Be provided with image-forming objective lens (53), (54), (55) before three photodetectors of measurement vegetation reflected light signal, image-forming objective lens will be provided with near infrared filter (52), ruddiness optical filter (51) and blue filter (50) in the middle of image-forming objective lens and photodetector apart from the vegetation target imaging about 1.3m on the photosurface of the detector of light.Detector and opticator connect into an airtight integral body by lens barrel.
3. crop crown layer pigment ratio measuring instrument according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the memory circuit on the instrument can be with the data storage measured on instrument, and the user can upload the data to by the RS232 serial ports and further analyze on the host computer PC and handle.
4. crop crown layer pigment ratio measuring instrument according to claim 2 is characterized in that: data are not lost after expansion LCD demonstration, the power down on the single-chip microcomputer eeprom memory, serial a/d converter, signal conditioning circuit.
5. crop crown layer pigment ratio measuring instrument according to claim 2 is characterized in that: guidance panel separates with apparatus subject, and guidance panel is fixed on the instrument handle, near the operator.In addition, handle has 3 rotary freedoms with the connector of apparatus subject.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101144778B (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2010-09-08 | 中国农业大学 | Spectrum reflectivity measurer |
| CN101839979A (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2010-09-22 | 中国农业大学 | Method and device for measuring index number of canopy vegetation of crops |
| US8222603B2 (en) | 2007-10-18 | 2012-07-17 | Siliconfile Technologies Inc. | One chip image sensor for measuring vitality of subject |
| CN108489906A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-09-04 | 河北省科学院地理科学研究所 | A kind of crop growing state multiple-angle thinking spectral detection device and its application method |
| CN113686820A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-23 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Crop growth information intelligent sensor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101144778B (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2010-09-08 | 中国农业大学 | Spectrum reflectivity measurer |
| US8222603B2 (en) | 2007-10-18 | 2012-07-17 | Siliconfile Technologies Inc. | One chip image sensor for measuring vitality of subject |
| CN101874401B (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2012-12-05 | （株）赛丽康 | One chip image sensor for measuring vitality of subject |
| CN101839979A (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2010-09-22 | 中国农业大学 | Method and device for measuring index number of canopy vegetation of crops |
| CN101839979B (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2012-07-25 | 中国农业大学 | Method and device for measuring index number of canopy vegetation of crops |
| CN108489906A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-09-04 | 河北省科学院地理科学研究所 | A kind of crop growing state multiple-angle thinking spectral detection device and its application method |
| CN113686820A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-23 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Crop growth information intelligent sensor |
| CN113686820B (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2024-05-14 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Intelligent sensor for crop growth information |
| CN113984657A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-01-28 | 淮阴工学院 | Portable apple brix meter based on spectrum technology and apple brix measuring method |
| CN114166756A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-11 | 江西师范大学 | Vegetation leaf coverage measuring device and method |
| CN114166756B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2023-03-10 | 江西师范大学 | Vegetation stem leaf covering and overlapping degree measuring device and method |
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