CN102207452A - Measuring system and method of crop canopy spectral indexes - Google Patents
Measuring system and method of crop canopy spectral indexes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种作物冠层光谱指数测量系统与方法，包括：测量子系统，由多个相同结构的测量单元组成，用于采集光学信号，测量该光学信号的光强之后进行处理，将处理后得到的数据发送给控制子系统，所述光学信号包括作为入射光的太阳光以及所述太阳光在作物冠层的反射光，所述处理包括放大和采样处理；控制子系统，用于接收来自测量子系统的数据，并利用该数据计算作物冠层的光谱反射率；控制子系统还嵌入了作物冠层光谱指数计算模型，根据所述光谱反射率和计算模型来计算植被指数，并且显示和存储计算结果。本发明简化了作物冠层光谱指数测量系统的结构，提出了一种新的作物冠层光谱指数计算模型，并简化了测量方法，提高了测量结果的准确度。
The invention discloses a crop canopy spectral index measurement system and method, comprising: a measurement subsystem, composed of a plurality of measurement units with the same structure, used to collect optical signals, measure the light intensity of the optical signals, and then process them. The data obtained after processing is sent to the control subsystem, and the optical signal includes sunlight as incident light and the reflected light of the sunlight on the crop canopy, and the processing includes amplification and sampling processing; the control subsystem is used for receiving data from the measurement subsystem, and using the data to calculate the spectral reflectance of the crop canopy; the control subsystem also embeds a crop canopy spectral index calculation model, and calculates the vegetation index according to the spectral reflectance and the calculation model, and Display and store calculation results. The invention simplifies the structure of the crop canopy spectral index measurement system, proposes a new calculation model of the crop canopy spectral index, simplifies the measurement method, and improves the accuracy of the measurement results.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensing technology and spectral measurement methods field, particularly a kind of crop canopies spectrum index measuring system and method.
Background technology
Information such as vegetation growing way, nutrition can be reflected on the spectral reflectivity, utilize the reflectance spectrum of crop canopies blade can calculate multiple vegetation index, as RVI (Ratio VegetationIndex, ratio vegetation index), NDVI (Normalized Differential VegetationIndex, normalized differential vegetation index), GVI (Greenness Vegetation Index, green degree vegetation index etc.), estimate the chlorophyll content or the nitrogen content of crop canopies blade, and then judge crop growing state.
The method of measuring the spectral reflectivity of crop has multiple.U.S. ASD (AnalyticalSpectral Devices) company produces the serial spectral radiometer that is used to measure the object spectrum reflectivity, comprise full spectrum portable light spectrometer (wavelength coverage: 350～2500nm) and handheld portable spectroanalysis instrument (wavelength coverage: 300～1100nm) etc., these Instrument measuring precisions and spectral resolution are all very high, but their dispersion element all is to adopt holographic reflection grating, make instrument cost an arm and a leg, do not wait from several ten thousand to hundreds of thousands, be unsuitable for very much the application of agricultural production.The operation of these instruments is also very complicated, with the field spectroradiometer is example, the researchist need bear instrument and the notebook computer of nearly 10kg and measure at the scene, expect relevant vegetation index, also must from vegetation spectral reflectance rate curve, extract the reflectivity of relevant sensitization wave band, just can draw by specific calculating at last.These involve great expense, operate factors such as inconvenience, analytical approach complexity and have limited the application of these instruments aspect agricultural production greatly.
The chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502) of Japan's development is a widely used portable instrument, is used for the crop nitrogen nutrition level diagnosis in field and instructs fertilising.It is by light emitting diode (light emitting diodes) red-emitting (the about 650nm of peak wavelength) and near infrared light (peak value is greatly about 940nm).See through emitting light into of sample leaf and reach receiver, transmitted light is converted into similar electric signal, and the amplification through amplifier is converted to digital signal by A/D converter then, it is the SPAD value that microprocessor utilizes these digital signals to calculate a kind of spectrum index, shows and storage automatically.But this instrument can only be measured single blade, can't measure canopy, can't make comprehensive evaluation to crop growing state, though it belongs to portable instrument, easy and simple to handle, can't be but also have to the defective of measuring fast than the large tracts of land farmland, in addition, this instrument has only adopted 2 wave bands, and the spectrum index that can detect very little.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical matters that will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the structure of simplifying crop canopies spectrum index measurement mechanism, increase port number (number of wavelengths), propose new canopy spectra Index for Calculation model, a plurality of measurement mechanisms are connected to form measuring system by radio communication device, improve spectrum index measurement range and farmland applicability, and the simplified measurement method, the accuracy that improves measurement result.
(2) technical scheme
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of crop canopies spectrum index measuring system, comprising:
Measurement subsystem, measuring unit by a plurality of same structures is formed, be used to gather optical signalling, measuring the light intensity of this optical signalling handles afterwards, the data that obtain after handling are sent to control subsystem, described optical signalling comprises that as the sunshine of incident light and the described sunshine reflected light at crop canopies described processing comprises amplifies and sampling processing;
Control subsystem, be used to receive data from measurement subsystem, and utilize the spectral reflectivity of this data computation crop canopies, again according to described spectral reflectivity be embedded in the model that being used in the control subsystem calculate the crop canopies spectrum index and calculate spectrum index, and demonstration and storage computation result.
Wherein, pass through wireless communication system Data transmission and instruction between the measuring unit of described measurement subsystem and the measuring unit.
Wherein, described measuring unit comprises sensor, sensor comprises totally 2 * N optical channel of upper and lower, N 〉=4, the N of its a middle and upper part optical channel is used to measure sunshine, the N of a bottom optical channel is used to measure the crop canopies reflected light, and each optical channel comprises convex lens, optical filter, photodetector and outer wall, and described convex lens, optical filter and photodetector all are positioned at described outer wall.
Wherein, described optical filter is between convex lens and photodetector, and described photodetector is a photodiode.
Wherein, diffusion disk is also posted on the surface of measuring N optical channel of sunshine.
Wherein, described control subsystem comprises the JN5139 chip.
Wherein, described sensor also comprises signal amplification circuit, A/D sample circuit and the wireless radiofrequency transtation mission circuit that connects successively, and described signal amplification circuit is connected with described photodetector.
The invention provides a kind of method of utilizing described system to carry out the measurement of crop canopies spectrum index, may further comprise the steps:
S1, utilize described measurement subsystem to gather optical signalling, measuring the light intensity of this optical signalling handles afterwards, the data that obtain after handling are sent to control subsystem, described optical signalling comprises that as the sunshine of incident light and the described sunshine reflected light at crop canopies described processing comprises amplifies and sampling processing;
S2, utilize the ratio of the reflected light light intensity and the sunshine light intensity of same wavelength channel, calculate the spectral reflectivity of crop canopies:
Wherein, λ=λ
i, i=1 ... N, N 〉=4, and be positive integer;
S3, calculate the Model Calculation spectrum index of crop canopies spectrum index and demonstration and storage computation result according to described spectral reflectivity and embedded being used to of control subsystem.
Wherein, described model is:
XVI is a spectrum index, a
iThe expression design factor, r
λ iIt is the spectral reflectivity of i wavelength.
Wherein, gather described sunshine and reflected light respectively at 4 wave bands, the centre wavelength of described 4 wave bands is respectively 550nm, 650nm, 766nm and 850nm.
(3) beneficial effect
The present invention can obtain a plurality of spectrum indexes by determining suitable wave band number and each band center wavelength, has simplified measuring method and surveying instrument simultaneously again; The appropriate design of the physical construction by system, thus made things convenient for the replacing of optical filter to be convenient to adjust sensitive band; By the hardware circuit of design system reasonably, reduced manufacturing cost; By diffusion disk is set, has eliminated or reduced the influence of angle of incidence of sunlight degree to measurement result, the accuracy that has improved measurement result; Connect measurement subsystem and control subsystem by wireless mode, simple in structure, easy to use; With the form of wireless sensor network can realize to field crop in real time, multimetering; It is independent that sunshine is measured passage, reduced the manufacturing cost of system; By in the chip of control subsystem, embedding the growing way forecast model, can utilize spectrum index to obtain more other data, thereby help in real time specific crop growing state and recommended fertilizer being made clearly judgement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system architecture synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the system architecture pictorial diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of sensor;
Fig. 4 is the part-structure figure of optical channel;
A and B are respectively the lateral view of convex lens of optical channel and the vertical view of enclosing cover among Fig. 5;
A and B are respectively optical filter and the lateral view of photodetector and the vertical views of base of optical channel among Fig. 6;
Fig. 7 is the structural drawing of photoelectric detector;
Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of sensor;
Fig. 9 is the hardware structure diagram of control subsystem.
Embodiment
For making purpose of the present invention, content and advantage clearer, embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the system architecture synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 2 is the system architecture pictorial diagram (arrow is represented wireless connections) of the embodiment of the invention, and by Fig. 1,2 as can be known, this system mainly is made up of control subsystem and measurement subsystem.Control subsystem only comprises a controller, is responsible for calculating, showing and storage etc. from the data that each sensor node sends over.Measurement subsystem then comprises a plurality of measuring units, each measuring unit comprises sensor, sensor comprises the individual optical channel of 2 * N (N 〉=4), and the N of its a middle and upper part optical channel is used to measure sunshine, and the N of a bottom optical channel is used to measure the crop canopies reflected light; A plurality of measuring units form sensing network, are responsible for collection, amplification, the transmission of optical signalling, and sensor can be measured at 4 optical region places, and each spectral band centre wavelength is defined as 550nm, 650nm, 766nm and 850nm.Because native system adopts sunshine as light source, in order to obtain the spectral reflectivity of crop canopies, except with sensor the crop canopies reflected light being measured, also needs with sensor the light intensity of each respective wavelength of incident light to be measured.Sensor comprises top optical channel and bottom optical channel, and each 4, the top optical channel is used to gather incident light, and the bottom optical channel is used to gather reflected light.
Collection, the photoelectricity that sensor mainly is responsible for optical signalling transforms and work such as the processing of electric signal, amplification, collection, transmission.Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of 1 sensor.To describe in detail from optical channel, hardware circuit aspect respectively below.
The design of optical channel:
Upper and lower each 4 passage are measured incident light and catoptrical light intensity at identical wave band place respectively, and light intensity is used for calculating the reflectivity of crop canopies.
In order to collect the light in the target zone efficiently, optical channel is mainly formed (as shown in Figure 4) by convex lens, optical filter, photodetector and airtight mechanical outer wall.The diameter of convex lens is 12.5mm, and focal length is 12.5mm also, and the outermost that is placed on optical channel is to enlarge the target zone of surveying.The optical filter diameter is 12.7mm, peak transmittance 75%, and half-band width is 20nm, places it in to have saved the space between convex lens and the photodetector effectively, has shortened the length of optical channel.In 4 passages, the centre wavelength of optical filter is respectively 550nm, 650nm, 766nm and 850nm.Photodetector comprises PIN type Si photodiode, and induction area is 3.6*3.6mm
2, this photodiode spectral response range is 400～1100nm, and response sensitivity reaches as high as 0.5A/W, and speed is fast, and response frequency can be up to more than the MHz.
Because the quantity of optical channel is many, portable light and requirements such as simple are installed in order to satisfy better, adopted the integrated design of 4 optical channels, shown in Fig. 5,6.4 optical channels are 50mm, highly form by machined into in the cylindrical duralumin embryo of silkworms of 20mm at a diameter.The replacing of optical filter for convenience, optical channel also comprises base and enclosing cover two parts, compact conformation, in light weight, fix by nut between the two and between base and the sensor outer housing, install simple and conveniently, can under the situation of not opening shell, dismantle the optical channel enclosing cover, further facilitated the replacing of optical filter.
Owing to adopt sunshine as light source, As time goes on, the angle of incidence of sunlight degree also will change a lot, in order to reduce the negative effect that it brings measurement result, upper channel has also pasted 1 diffusion disk on the surface of each passage except comprising said elements.The main effect of diffusion disk is that the single angle incident light that will see through it becomes to all the winds the evenly emergent light of scattering.
Hardware circuit design:
The hardware circuit of sensor also comprises analog switch, signal amplification circuit, A/D sample circuit and the wireless radiofrequency transtation mission circuit (A/D sample circuit and wireless radiofrequency transtation mission circuit are embedded on the JN5139 main control chip) that connects successively, and described signal amplification circuit is connected with described photodetector.Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram.In order to improve the response speed of photodetector, during photodetector work, increase a reverse bias voltage (for example being 3V) at its negative pole, when irradiate light is to the sensitive area of photodiode, will produce an induction current I from positive pole, and change into voltage signal by load R1.The voltage signal that on behalf of each photodetector in 4 optical channels, S1～S4 come out respectively.Because each road signal is all very faint, all need to amplify the AD sampling that just can carry out next step.Amplify and the A/D sample circuit if each road signal all uses independently, will make become huge, repetition, complexity and cost of circuit higher.At this, at first adopt 4 signals that select 1 analog switch ADG704 that needs are handled to select, with the signal of selecting amplify, sampling etc., realized like this follow-up amplification, the time-sharing multiplex of sample circuit, make circuit become compact more, succinct and practical.ADG704 is the 3V single power supply, connects resistance and is low to moderate 2.5 Ω, and switching speed is the slowest also to reach 20ns.Also adopted the amplifier OPA333 of 3V single power supply in the amplifying circuit, it has very low bias voltage (maximum 10 μ V), very low bias current (maximum 200pA) and ultralow power consumption (quiescent current 17 μ A) encapsulate for a short time, and the peripheral component that needs is few.
The concrete course of work of sensor is: select corresponding passage successively by analog switch is set, begin to carry out data acquisition.Average after each passage repeated acquisition 10 times.Choose next passage then and continue to gather, all gather when all channel signals and finish, the data of number of sensor and collection are sent to control subsystem by the wireless radiofrequency transtation mission circuit.
Fig. 9 is the hardware structure diagram of control subsystem, mainly comprises control module MCU (MicroController Unit, multipoint control unit), keyboard input block, LCD MODULE, USB flash disk module and power supply conditioning unit.
Control subsystem comprises the JN5139 wireless communication module, except the function of all having utilized its radio communication, control subsystem mainly is responsible for calculating, showing and the storage data, so can more use the UART interface of JN5139, general digital IO mouth, and the Flash flash memory etc.
That LCD MODULE is used is LMC128642ZK, and it is connected (1 data lines, 1 clock line) with JN5139 by 2 general digital IO mouths, adopts serial mode communication.
What the keyboard input block adopted is 9 bond moment configuration keyboards, and major function comprises and resets, storage standards plate data, storage vegetation data, changes storage sequence number, checks a record, checks next bar record etc.Except reset key does not need by the software identification, other all are to produce the mode of interrupting with digital I to allow system identification and enter corresponding subroutine.
Consider that this control subsystem mainly uses with multi-point sensing device network at this, many at node, under the high situation of survey frequency, the data volume that control subsystem receives also can increase rapidly, so, the inner integrated 128KB Flash of JN5139 can't satisfy the requirement of data storage, so this control subsystem successfully solved the problem of data storage by the external USB flash disk module of serial line interface, also make the storage mode of data become more flexible, convenient and general.
Because MCU, USB flash disk module, LCD MODULE etc. are all supported the 3.3V power supply, simplified the design of power supply conditioning unit greatly.Power supply conditioning unit adopts the SP6201 regulator.It has very high output voltage precision, and error is no more than 2%; Power consumption is very low also.Supplying cell adopts the flat lithium battery of 1300mAh, and its capacity is big, volume is little, it is integrated to be convenient to, the use of can also charging repeatedly.
Simply introduce the JN5139 chip below.Low rate that it is embedded, low-power consumption also are simultaneously ZigBee wireless communication technologys cheaply, and under the major applications situation, what the ZigBee agreement adopted is the ISM band of the 2.4GHz of global general-use, and this frequency range also exempts to apply for and exempt from usage charges in China.Its peak transfer rate is 250Kb/s, is fit to very much the transmission of sensor data acquisition and control data; And it also has powerful networking capability, can form star-like, tree type and three kinds of network topology structures of MESH, and the high energy of network node capacity reaches 65535, has very powerful networking advantage.
Utilize the spectral reflectivity of 4 wave bands that native system measures and calculate, can calculate the spectrum index of a plurality of crop canopiess.When four wave bands that are respectively 550nm, 650nm, 766nm and 850nm in centre wavelength were gathered sunshine and reflected light, the spectrum index that can calculate the present invention's recommendation was:
XVI＝a
0+a
1R
550+a
2R
650+a
3R
766+a
4R
850
Also can calculate the vegetation index that has been widely adopted, be exemplified below:.
(1) than value index number 1:RV
1=R
650/ R
766
(2) than value index number 2:RV
2=R
650/ R
850
(3) green than value index number 1:GRV
1=R
550/ R
766
(4) green than value index number 2:GRV
2=R
550/ R
850
(5) normalization difference index 1:
(6) normalization difference index 2:
(7) green normalization difference index 1:
(8) green normalization difference index 2:
Wherein, a
i(i=1,2,3,4) expression spectrum index design factor, it can be provided with arbitrarily, R
j(j=550,650,766,850) are illustrated in wavelength (550nm, 650nm, 766nm, the reflectivity of 850nm) locating.
Above spectrum index be the spectrum index that obtains of native system institute energy measurement for example, utilize the crop canopies reflectivity of 4 wave bands, can calculate more crop canopies spectrum index.
Above embodiment only is used to illustrate the present invention; and be not limitation of the present invention; the those of ordinary skill in relevant technologies field; under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make various variations and modification; therefore all technical schemes that are equal to also belong to category of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102735622A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-17 | 浙江大学 | Spectrum detector for information of rape canopy |
| CN103335947A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-10-02 | 浙江大学 | Outdoor portable real-time detection system and method for sclerotinia rot of colza |
| CN103674852A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2014-03-26 | 南京大学 | Method for observing photochemical reflectance indexes of shade leaf and sun leaf of vegetation canopy from plurality of angles |
| CN107389613A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-11-24 | 广西大学 | LED light-pulse generator formula index number of canopy vegetation of crops measurement systems |
| CN107976921A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-05-01 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of fertilizer apparatus and method |
| CN107991245A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-05-04 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of crop spectral information harvester and crop vegetation index acquisition methods |
| CN109932339A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-06-25 | 中国农业大学 | An all-weather light environment adaptive crop growth detection device and method |
| CN110031101A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-19 | 成都以太航空保障工程技术有限责任公司 | A kind of multichannel cascade connection UV fiber spectrometer |
| CN110579447A (en) * | 2019-09-28 | 2019-12-17 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A crop nitrogen detection device and detection method thereof |
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| CN1710406A (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2005-12-21 | 中国农业大学 | Crop condition real-time analyzer |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102735622A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-17 | 浙江大学 | Spectrum detector for information of rape canopy |
| CN103335947A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-10-02 | 浙江大学 | Outdoor portable real-time detection system and method for sclerotinia rot of colza |
| CN103674852A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2014-03-26 | 南京大学 | Method for observing photochemical reflectance indexes of shade leaf and sun leaf of vegetation canopy from plurality of angles |
| CN103674852B (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2015-12-23 | 南京大学 | A kind of method of multi-angle observation Vegetation canopy negative and positive leaf photochemistry reflection index |
| CN107389613A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-11-24 | 广西大学 | LED light-pulse generator formula index number of canopy vegetation of crops measurement systems |
| CN107976921A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-05-01 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of fertilizer apparatus and method |
| CN107991245A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-05-04 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of crop spectral information harvester and crop vegetation index acquisition methods |
| CN109932339A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-06-25 | 中国农业大学 | An all-weather light environment adaptive crop growth detection device and method |
| CN110031101A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-19 | 成都以太航空保障工程技术有限责任公司 | A kind of multichannel cascade connection UV fiber spectrometer |
| CN110579447A (en) * | 2019-09-28 | 2019-12-17 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A crop nitrogen detection device and detection method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20111005 |