CN103149162A - Portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source - Google Patents
Portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Provided is a portable crop growth information monitor based on an active light source. The monitor is characterized by comprising a light source system, a spectrum signal acquisition system and a main unit system. The front end of the light source system is connected with the main unit system, the rear end of the light source system is connected with the spectrum signal acquisition system, the rear end of the spectrum signal acquisition system is connected with the main unit system, and the rear end of the main unit system is connected with the light source system. The monitor can simultaneously and comprehensively monitor and diagnose various physiology and zoology information including chlorophyll content of crops, a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a leaf area index, leaf dry weight, nitrogen content, nitrogen accumulation amount, a net photosynthetic rate, a transpiration rate, leaf temperatures and the like, and has functions of data acquisition, analysis, display, storage, checking and display. By means of application of built-in electronic information techniques, the system structure is simplified, and the monitor has the advantages of being convenient to carry and low in power consumption and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source, particularly utilize active light source to carry out the device of plant growth information lossless, fast detecting, belong to plant growth information intelligent detection field, be exclusively used in field crops growth information Real-time Obtaining and Precise Diagnosis.
Background technology
The plant growth information monitoring is perception field-crop upgrowth situation all sidedly, and the enforcement of accurately managing for crop production provides information support, has vital role to strengthening China's grain security, raising grain quality and output etc.Harmless, quick, portable is the inexorable trend of modern farmland information acquisition apparatus development, and it is the informationalized key of developing agricultural that development plant growth information real non-destructive obtains equipment.
Crop growth monitoring technology based on canopy reflectance spectra is according to the crop canopies blade, the absorption and scattering properties of sensitive band to be calculated physiology, the ecosystem characterization of derivation crop canopies blade.Compare other crop growth monitoring method, as Kjeldahls method, physical measurement leaf area method, chemical measurement chlorophyll method and contact leaf temperature measurement etc., plant growth spectrum monitoring technology has the advantages such as cost is low, resolution is high, real-time is good, realization is simple, non-contact monitoring; Simultaneously, with the combination of electronic information technology, embedded development technology, can realize that the technical transform of plant growth information spectrum monitoring is microminiaturization, economization, the intelligentized active demand of actual productivity.
At present, some research and development institutions have developed the spectral instrument that is used for the monitoring crop upgrowth situation both at home and abroad, and these instruments all are based on passive light source mode basically, measurement result is subjected to the highly significant that affects of sun altitude, precision is low, and poor reliability is unfavorable for field survey under farm environment.Such as, the Crop Circle ACS-470 Handheld spectrometer that U.S. Holland scientific company produces, be not subjected to the restriction of environment light source condition, can be used for measuring the fundamental reflection rate information of conventional plant nutrition condition and plant canopy and soil, can be easily in a big way plant or biomass and the distribution situation thereof of crops be carried out, the data of surveying can be used for analyzing nutrient, moisture, disease and other upgrowth situations of crop, but its instrument is expensive, bulky, be applicable to scientific research but be not suitable for the field agricultural production; Patent 200710019340.9 discloses a kind of portable multiway crop leaf nitrogen nutrient index nondestructive monitoring device, though satisfy the harmless Real-Time Monitoring to crop canopies Leaf N content, nitrogen accumulation and 3 indexs of leaf area index, but this device utilizes sunshine to do light source, must be subject to weather restriction in use, short, less stable of working time.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provide that a kind of real-time is good, working time wide ranges, low price, be not subjected to the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source of weather restriction and good stability, can realize growth information low-cost under farm environment, the portable type measuring crop.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source, comprise light-source system, spectral signal acquisition system and host computer system, wherein the front end of light-source system connects host computer system, the rear end of light-source system connects the spectral signal acquisition system, the rear end of spectral signal acquisition system connects host computer system, and the rear end of host computer system connects light-source system.
Described light-source system comprises spectral signal generation part and shell; Wherein said spectral signal transmit block is made of six emission light pipes and inner base, and six emission light pipes are divided into two groups, one group of every three emission light pipe, and every group of emission light pipe is connected with the coding module of host computer system; Described inner base is used for fixing six emission light pipes.
Described emission light pipe comprises cover glass, bar shaped cylindrical mirror and light emitting diode formation, and is arranged in order; Wherein said light emitting diode formation is that 720nm and 810nm light emitting diode are arranged by several centre wavelengths, is rectangle, and the outgoing hot spot is bar shaped, and the light source emergence angle is 45 °; The long 54mm of described bar shaped cylindrical mirror, wide 10mm is apart from light emitting diode formation 9mm.
Described spectral signal acquisition system comprises spectral signal acquisition component and shell; Wherein said spectral signal acquisition component is comprised of several reflecting light tube and base, and embeds the host computer system below, is positioned at two groups of emission light pipe centre positions; Described reflecting light tube is divided into two groups, and every group of reflecting light tube is connected with decoder module on main frame; Described base is used for the fixation reflex light pipe.
Described reflecting light tube comprises cover glass, specific centre wavelength spike interference filter, bull's-eye and photoelectric sensor, and is arranged in order; The centre wavelength of wherein said optical filter is 720nm and 810nm; Described bull's-eye, diameter are 6mm, and focal length is 3mm; Described photoelectric sensor is positioned at the bull's-eye focal plane.
Described host computer system is made of shell, hardware system and software systems; Wherein, described hardware system is comprised of coding module, light source driver module, two wavelength LED light sources, feeble signal amplification module, decoder module, A/D modular converter, unit microprocessor module, external memory modules, LCD MODULE, keyboard load module and powered battery module; And the front end of described coding module is the unit microprocessor module, and the rear end is light source driver module; The rear end of described decoder module is the A/D modular converter, and the rear end of A/D modular converter is microprocessor module; Described external memory modules is connected with the unit microprocessor module; Described display module is connected with microprocessor module; Described keyboard load module is connected with microprocessor module; Described powered battery module is powered to whole device.
Described light source driver module rear end is the light emitting diode in the spectral signal transmit block, and the front end of described decoder module is the photoelectric sensor in the spectra collection parts.
Light-source system is made of specific wavelength light emitting diode matrix, condensing cylindrical mirror and cover glass; The specific wavelength light emitting diode is in strip emergent ray and is radiated on the crop canopies blade through condensing cylindrical mirror optically focused, and cover glass is avoided physics and chemistry for the protection of light-source system and damaged.
Described spectral signal acquisition system is comprised of cover glass, spike interference filter, circular collector lens and photoelectric sensor; The crop canopies blade absorbs and scattering reflected light is afterwards removed the stray light of its all band by optical filter; collector lens improves the intensity of illumination that detector receives; the spectral response range of photodetector is at 400nm～1100nm, and cover glass is avoided physics and chemistry for the protection of light-source system and damaged.
Described external unit is comprised of external memory modules, keyboard load module, LCD MODULE and powered battery module; External memory storage is used for the crop canopies spectral reflectivity of storage monitoring, the keyboard load module human-computer interaction interface that consists of hommization with LCD MODULE, and the powered battery module is powered to whole device.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention adopts above technical scheme, compared with prior art has following technique effect:
1. the present invention is based on the active light source design, not restricted by weather conditions, the working time wide ranges.Overcome the sunshine of crop growth monitoring equipment utilization in the past and done light source, be subject to the restriction of weather conditions and sun altitude in use, controllability, less stable.
2. the present invention in different growth stage canopy characteristics, adopts the method for designing of emission light pipe grouping according to field crops, has reduced the impact that Soil Background is disturbed, and has improved instrument monitoring precision and reliability.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A is the portable crop growth monitoring instrument schematic diagram that the present invention is based on active light source;
Figure 1B is the schematic diagram of host computer system that the present invention is based on the portable crop growth monitoring instrument of active light source;
Fig. 2 is light-source system emission light pipe schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is spectral signal acquisition system reflecting light tube schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 4 is host hardware schematic diagram of the present invention.
Descriptive name:
1.720nm source system? 2.720nm emitted light tubes? 3.720nm spectrum signal acquisition system? 4.720nm reflected light tubes? 5.810nm spectrum signal acquisition system? 6.810nm reflected light tubes? 7.810nm emitted light tubes? 8.810nm source system? 9. host system? 10. hosts panel? 11. LCD screen? 12. "open" button? 13. "off" button? 14. "reset" button? 15. "mode" button? 16. "measure" button? 17 . "page" button? 18. "monitoring / Save" button? 19. "View" button? 20. "diagnostic" button? 21 "next page" button? 22. protective glass? 23. converging cylindrical lens? 24 . specific wavelength light-emitting diodes? 25. protective glass? 26. narrow band interference filter? 27. round condenser lens? 28. photoelectric sensor
Specific implementation method
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
A kind of portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source comprises light-source system, spectral signal acquisition system and host computer system (as Fig. 1); Wherein the front end of light-source system connects host computer system, and the rear end of light-source system connects the spectral signal acquisition system, and the rear end of spectral signal acquisition system connects host computer system, and the rear end of host computer system connects light-source system.
Described light-source system (as Fig. 2) comprises spectral signal generation part and shell; Wherein said spectral signal transmit block is made of six emission light pipes and inner base, and six emission light pipes are divided into two groups, one group of every three emission light pipe, and every group of emission light pipe is connected with the coding module of host computer system; Described inner base is used for fixing six emission light pipes.
Described emission light pipe (as Fig. 3) comprises cover glass, bar shaped cylindrical mirror and light emitting diode formation, and is arranged in order; Wherein said light emitting diode formation is that 720nm and 810nm light emitting diode are arranged by several centre wavelengths, is rectangle, and the outgoing hot spot is bar shaped, and the light source emergence angle is 45 °; The long 54mm of described bar shaped cylindrical mirror, wide 10mm is apart from light emitting diode formation 9mm.
Described spectral signal acquisition system (as Fig. 3) comprises spectral signal acquisition component and shell; Wherein said spectral signal acquisition component is comprised of several reflecting light tube and base, and embeds the host computer system below, is positioned at two groups of emission light pipe centre positions; Described reflecting light tube is divided into two groups, and every group of reflecting light tube is connected with decoder module on main frame; Described base is used for the fixation reflex light pipe.
Described reflecting light tube (as Fig. 3) comprises cover glass, specific centre wavelength spike interference filter, bull's-eye and photoelectric sensor, and is arranged in order; The centre wavelength of wherein said optical filter is 720nm and 810nm; Described bull's-eye, diameter are 6mm, and focal length is 3mm; Described photoelectric sensor is positioned at the bull's-eye focal plane.
Described host computer system is made of shell, hardware system (as Fig. 4) and software systems; Wherein, described hardware system (as Fig. 4) is comprised of coding module, light source driver module, two wavelength LED light sources, feeble signal amplification module, decoder module, A/D modular converter, unit microprocessor module, external memory modules, LCD MODULE, keyboard load module and powered battery module; And the front end of described coding module is the unit microprocessor module, and the rear end is light source driver module; The rear end of described decoder module is the A/D modular converter, and the rear end of A/D modular converter is microprocessor module; Described external memory modules is connected with the unit microprocessor module; Described display module is connected with microprocessor module; Described keyboard load module is connected with microprocessor module; Described powered battery module is powered to whole device.
Described light source driver module rear end is the light emitting diode in the spectral signal transmit block, and the front end of described decoder module is the photoelectric sensor in the spectra collection parts.
Light-source system is made of specific wavelength light emitting diode matrix, condensing cylindrical mirror and cover glass; The specific wavelength light emitting diode is in strip emergent ray and is radiated on the crop canopies blade through condensing cylindrical mirror optically focused, and cover glass is avoided physics and chemistry for the protection of light-source system and damaged.
Light source is comprised of two groups of emission light pipes, every group of emission light pipe is made of 3 bar shaped light pipes, the array that 6 light emitting diodes form is contained in every group of bar shaped light pipe inside, and the centre wavelengths of the light emitting diode of two groups of emission light pipes are respectively 720nm and 810nm, and bandwidth is ± 15nm; Collector lens adopts the bar shaped cylindrical convex lens, long 54mm, and wide 10mm, focal length are 9mm; The long 64mm of glass object lens, wide 10mm is apart from cylindrical lens 5mm.
Described spectral signal acquisition system is comprised of cover glass, spike interference filter, circular collector lens and photoelectric sensor; The crop canopies blade absorbs and scattering reflected light is afterwards removed the stray light of its all band by optical filter; collector lens improves the intensity of illumination that detector receives; the spectral response range of photodetector is at 400nm～1100nm, and cover glass is avoided physics and chemistry for the protection of light-source system and damaged.
Described external unit is comprised of external memory modules, keyboard load module, LCD MODULE and powered battery module; External memory storage is used for the crop canopies spectral reflectivity of storage monitoring, the keyboard load module human-computer interaction interface that consists of hommization with LCD MODULE, and the powered battery module is powered to whole device.
The monitor shell adopts rigid plastic material machine box; Panel adopts the plastic sheeting keyboard, and dissimilar function button adopts the mark of different colours.
(1) method of operating of apparatus of the present invention and step
The detection method of a kind of portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source of the present invention, adopt following steps:
Step 1) powers up to instrument by " opening " button 12 on lower panel, and internal system is carried out initialization operation, liquid crystal display screen display initialization interface, and light-source system and spectral signal acquisition system are started working;
Step 2) according to the growing way situation of survey crop, press " pattern " button 15 on lower panel, the way of the light emitting diode of selected element bright light source internal system, " pattern 1 " optical diode of lighting that riches all the way, " pattern 2 " lights the two-way light emitting diode, and " mode 3 " lights three road light emitting diodes;
The step 3) operator crop canopies 20cm-40cm that keeps at a distance, horizontal positioned is pressed " measurement " button 16, the crop canopies spectral reflectivity that the real-time display light spectrum signal of liquid crystal display collector gathers;
Step 4) operator presses " monitoring/preservation " button 18, arrests in real time the crop canopies spectral reflectivity in the liquid crystal screen display, and the storage spectral reflectivity;
Step 5) is pressed " checking " button 19, the spectral reflectivity information of storage can be accessed from external memory storage, demonstrates each Agronomy index of the crop of surveying on liquid crystal display through the inner crop growth model of building.
Step 6) is pressed " upper page " button 17 and " nextpage " button 21, can check up and down each Agronomy index of the crop of surveying.
Step 7) is pressed " diagnosis " button 20, call the Agronomy index equation of curing, calculate each Agronomy indexes such as chlorophyll content, vegetation normalization index (NDVI), leaf area index, leaf dry weight, nitrogen content, nitrogen accumulation, Net Photosynthetic Rate, transpiration rate and Ye Wen of crop, and in the liquid crystal screen display;
Step 8) is pressed " resetting " button 14, and system software carries out initialization, and liquid crystal display shows the initialization interface;
Step 9) is pressed " pass " button 13, cutting system power supply, instrument shutdown.
(2) principle of work of apparatus of the present invention
Based on the structured flowchart of the portable crop growth information monitor of active light source as shown in Figure 1.The unit microprocessor module sends control command to coding module, and coding module sends the electric signal of certain frequency, controls light source driving circuit and lights two wavelength LED light sources, and the ignition frequency of two wavelength of light source is consistent, and it is constant that luminous power keeps.720nm light-source system (1), 720nm emission light pipe (2) in 810nm light-source system (8), the irradiation that 810nm emission light pipe (7) sends is at tested crop canopies, be positioned at the 720nm spectral signal acquisition system (3) of the middle homonymy of two groups of different wavelengths of light source modules, 720nm reflecting light tube (4) in 810nm spectral signal acquisition system (5), 810nm reflecting light tube (6) receives through crop canopies and absorbs and scattering reflected light signal afterwards, 720nm reflecting light tube (4), the inner photoelectric sensor 28 of 810nm reflecting light tube (6) is converted to current signal with light signal, current signal by small signal amplifier with small current amplify and be converted to voltage signal.Light source is between 20cm-40cm to the distance of crop monitoring.Through decoder module, interference and the internal noise of having eliminated the sun disturb through the voltage signal after amplifying.The A/D modular converter is digital signal with decoded analog signal conversion, and digital signal is sent to the unit microprocessor module.after the unit microprocessor module calculates digital signal and process, draw the spectral reflectivity of crop canopies, call the model and algorithm that is solidificated in the microprocessor internal storer variation of spectral reflectivity is converted to the various Agronomy index information of crop, as chlorophyll content, vegetation normalization index (NDVI), leaf area index, leaf dry weight, nitrogen content, nitrogen accumulation, Net Photosynthetic Rate, transpiration rate and Ye Wen etc., the microprocessor module inside solidification on-gauge plate calibration function, the light intensity change information is compensated computing, make measured reflectivity more close to actual value, more can react the growth information of crop.By the key-press input on host panel 10, these Agronomy index information with crop show on LCDs 11 respectively, and are stored in outer memory module.
As Fig. 2, be 720nm emission light pipe (2), 810nm emission light pipe (7) schematic cross-section, formed by cover glass 22, condensing cylindrical mirror 23 and specific wavelength light emitting diode 24; Cover glass 22 plays the physical protection effect; condensing cylindrical mirror 23 gathers into the directional light of narrower in width with the scattered light of light emitting diode 24 emissions; the centre frequency of the specific wavelength light emitting diode of 720nm wavelength emission pipe inside is 720nm, and the centre frequency of the specific wavelength light emitting diode of 810nm wavelength emission pipe inside is 810nm.The layout parameter of 720nm emission light pipe (2), inner each parts of 810nm emission light pipe (7) and size are all through the strict gained that calculates, between designed measuring distance, can guarantee that the irradiation of two groups of emission light pipes, 2,7 emissions is at same strain crop canopies.
As Fig. 3, be the reflecting light tube schematic cross-section, by cover glass 25, spike interference filter 26, circular collector lens 27 and photoelectric sensor 28 form; Cover glass 25 plays the physical protection effect; spike interference filter 26 adopts respectively centre wavelength to be positioned at 720nm and 810nm in 720nm reflecting light tube 4 and 810nm reflecting light tube 6; the bandwidth of spike interference filter is ± 5nm; photoelectric sensor 28 adopts photodiode; output current signal, antijamming capability is strong.The layout parameter of 720nm reflecting light tube (4), inner each parts of 810nm reflecting light tube (6) and size all through the strict gained that calculates, satisfy and measure requirement.
As Fig. 4, unit microprocessor module control coding module is sent coded signal, and coding is transported to light source driver module, and light source driver module is along with two wavelength LED light source modules are lighted, extinguished to coded signal.The photoelectric sensor that is positioned at the middle homonymy of two groups of different wavelengths of light source modules receives through tested crop canopies and absorbs and scattering reflected light afterwards, light signal is converted to current signal, current signal by T-shaped resistor network amplifying circuit with small current amplify and be converted to voltage signal.the voltage signal of simulation is through after decoder module, be converted to digital signal by the A/D modular converter, and send the processing that the unit microprocessor module carries out digital signal to, draw real-time reflectivity, by calling the model and algorithm that is solidificated in unit microprocessor module internal storage, calculate the chlorophyll content of tested crop, vegetation normalization index (NDVI), leaf area index, leaf dry weight, nitrogen content, nitrogen accumulation, Net Photosynthetic Rate, the Agronomy index such as transpiration rate and Ye Wen information, input by keyboard, these Agronomy index information with crop show on LCDs 11 respectively, and be stored in outer memory module.Described powered battery module is powered to whole device.
In order to make the present invention obtain higher sensitivity and accuracy, and higher signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), the photoelectric sensor module can integrate with small signal amplifier, employing has the photodetector of preposition enlarging function, can be the silicon photocell of integrated preamplifier, photomultiplier, avalanche photodide etc., the unit microprocessor module can adopt digital signal processor DSP, on-site programmable gate array FPGA, CPLD, senior reduced instruction embedded computer ARM etc.
Claims (10)
1. portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source, it is characterized in that comprising light-source system, spectral signal acquisition system and host computer system, wherein the front end of light-source system connects host computer system, the rear end of light-source system connects the spectral signal acquisition system, the rear end of spectral signal acquisition system connects host computer system, and the rear end of host computer system connects light-source system.
2. the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source according to claim 1, is characterized in that described light-source system comprises spectral signal generation part and shell; Wherein said spectral signal transmit block is made of six emission light pipes and inner base, and six emission light pipes are divided into two groups, one group of every three emission light pipe, and every group of emission light pipe is connected with the coding module of host computer system; Described inner base is used for fixing six emission light pipes.
3. the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source according to claim 1, is characterized in that described emission light pipe comprises cover glass, bar shaped cylindrical mirror and light emitting diode formation, and be arranged in order; Wherein said light emitting diode formation is that 720nm and 810nm light emitting diode are arranged by several centre wavelengths, is rectangle, and the outgoing hot spot is bar shaped, and the light source emergence angle is 45 °; The long 54mm of described bar shaped cylindrical mirror, wide 10mm is apart from light emitting diode formation 9mm.
4. the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source according to claim 1, is characterized in that described spectral signal acquisition system comprises spectral signal acquisition component and shell; Wherein said spectral signal acquisition component is comprised of several reflecting light tube and base, and embeds the host computer system below, is positioned at two groups of emission light pipe centre positions; Described reflecting light tube is divided into two groups, and every group of reflecting light tube is connected with decoder module on main frame; Described base is used for the fixation reflex light pipe.
5. the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source according to claim 1, is characterized in that described reflecting light tube comprises cover glass, specific centre wavelength spike interference filter, bull's-eye and photoelectric sensor, and be arranged in order; The centre wavelength of wherein said optical filter is 720nm and 810nm; Described bull's-eye, diameter are 6mm, and focal length is 3mm; Described photoelectric sensor is positioned at the bull's-eye focal plane.
6. the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source according to claim 1, is characterized in that described host computer system is made of shell, hardware system and software systems; Wherein, described hardware system is comprised of coding module, light source driver module, two wavelength LED light sources, feeble signal amplification module, decoder module, A/D modular converter, unit microprocessor module, external memory modules, LCD MODULE, keyboard load module and powered battery module; And the front end of described coding module is the unit microprocessor module, and the rear end is light source driver module; The rear end of described decoder module is the A/D modular converter, and the rear end of A/D modular converter is microprocessor module; Described external memory modules is connected with the unit microprocessor module; Described display module is connected with microprocessor module; Described keyboard load module is connected with microprocessor module; Described powered battery module is powered to whole device.
7. the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described light source driver module rear end is the light emitting diode in the spectral signal transmit block, the front end of described decoder module is the photoelectric sensor in the spectra collection parts.
8. the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: light-source system is made of specific wavelength light emitting diode matrix, condensing cylindrical mirror and cover glass; The specific wavelength light emitting diode is in strip emergent ray and is radiated on the crop canopies blade through condensing cylindrical mirror optically focused, and cover glass is avoided physics and chemistry for the protection of light-source system and damaged.
9. the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described spectral signal acquisition system is comprised of cover glass, spike interference filter, circular collector lens and photoelectric sensor; The crop canopies blade absorbs and scattering reflected light is afterwards removed the stray light of its all band by optical filter; collector lens improves the intensity of illumination that detector receives; the spectral response range of photodetector is at 400nm～1100nm, and cover glass is avoided physics and chemistry for the protection of light-source system and damaged.
10. the portable crop growth information monitor based on active light source according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described external unit is comprised of external memory modules, keyboard load module, LCD MODULE and powered battery module; External memory storage is used for the crop canopies spectral reflectivity of storage monitoring, the keyboard load module human-computer interaction interface that consists of hommization with LCD MODULE, and the powered battery module is powered to whole device.
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