CN103335947A - Outdoor portable real-time detection system and method for sclerotinia rot of colza - Google Patents
Outdoor portable real-time detection system and method for sclerotinia rot of colza Download PDFInfo
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- CN103335947A CN103335947A CN2013102063212A CN201310206321A CN103335947A CN 103335947 A CN103335947 A CN 103335947A CN 2013102063212 A CN2013102063212 A CN 2013102063212A CN 201310206321 A CN201310206321 A CN 201310206321A CN 103335947 A CN103335947 A CN 103335947A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detection method for sclerotinia rot of colza. The method comprises following steps: first, reflected light intensity of the surface of a colza to be detected and referent light intensity of the detection environment are collected, wherein the reflected light forms an included angle between 30 to 60 degree with the vertical direction, the wavelengths of the reflected light are 550 nm and 950 nm, 550 nm and 950 nm of sunlight are selected as the reference light intensity, then value J is calculated, judged, and compared with the threshold value T, if J is larger than T, the colza is healthy, but if J is smaller than T, the colza has been affected by sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The invention also discloses an outdoor portable real-time detection system for sclerotinia rot of colza. The detection method can accurately judge whether a colza is affected by sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the early stage of sclerotinia rot of colza, is more accurate than human-eye judgment, and is beneficial for early prevention of sclerotinia sclerotiorum and pointed spraying. The detection system can be brought out and operated by a single person in the outdoor, sclerotinia sclerotiorum can be rapidly detected, and the detection system has the advantages of small volume, low cost, and wide application area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection system and method for sclerotinia rot of colza, relate in particular to a kind of outdoor portable sclerotinia rot of colza real-time detecting system and method.
Background technology
Rape is one of four big oil crops of China, mainly is distributed in the Yangtze river basin.The growth of rape situation has determined output and the quality of rapeseed.In China, it is first of the rape three big diseases that sclerotiniose occupies, incidence of disease height, and harm is big, and general underproduction 5%-10% can reach 50% in the time of seriously.Along with rapeseed cultivation area in recent years enlarges year by year, sclerotinia rot of colza more and more causes the attention of vast farmers.Present people are to pollution-free food in addition, organic food is more and more paid close attention to, a large amount of uses of agricultural chemicals can cause more residues of pesticides, thereby harm people's health, so it is important that the early detection of plant disease seems all the more, early detection can effectively suppress the use of agricultural chemicals, and can carry out prevention work well.
Yet the mode that detects sclerotinia rot of colza at present mostly relatively wastes time and energy, and mainly relies on human eye and chemical detection, has following defective:
The first, the sclerotiniose early stage scab of falling ill is not remarkable, and human eye is judged and had tired subjective problem;
The second, the chemical detection method is more, but the testing process complexity wastes time and energy, and price is higher, differentiates to lag behind.
Spectral technique has harmless characteristics fast, in the disease context of detection its special advantages is arranged, but the higher costliness of the equipment price that the general using spectrographic technique detects, the most of detection all will be carried out in the laboratory, need through complicated pretreatment, even a few devices can be used for outdoor plant leaf blade or canopy, equipment volume and quality are bigger, operation inconvenience.Secondly, the spectral detection instrument all needed blank to proofread and correct before measuring, under laboratory condition, can detect in real time after once proofreading and correct, but under the weather and illumination condition of outdoor complexity, intensity of illumination before each the detection all may change, and therefore all needed to carry out blank and proofread and correct before outdoor each measurement, so just greatly reduces the efficient of detection.In order to satisfy the modern agricultural development needs, the plant disease detection range is needed outdoor portable real-time detecting system badly.
Application number is that the patent documentation of ZL200920197780.8 discloses a kind of sclerotinia rot of colza thermal infrared images diagnostic system, and people's infrared image of a kind of quick collection rape leaf and canopy is provided, and carries out the sclerotinia rot of colza thermal infrared diagnostic system of temperature field analysis.This utility model has utilized the rape blade face to diagnose because of the high principle in the normal blade face of scab temperature correction of sclerotiniose necrosis, but be the method that thermal infrared images is handled because it adopts, need to adopt the thermal infrared camera, cost is higher, and very easily be subjected to outdoor temperature conditions influence, generally can only under highly controlled laboratory condition, carry out, be unfavorable for portable operation.
Application number is that the patent documentation of ZL200910154289.1 discloses the sick rapid diagnosis system of a kind of leaf blast in rice based on combine analog wave band algorithm, comprise spectral emissions system, spectrum receiving system, regulate support, computer data processing system, crop operating platform, the light shield of spectral emissions system emission is on paddy rice, emission light is gathered by the spectrum receiving system, obtain paddy rice spectral reflectivity system, carry out the differentiation of data pre-service and discrimination formula by the sick fast diagnosis method of leaf blast in rice, realize the quick diagnosis identification of leaf blast in rice disease.This invention also discloses a kind of method of diagnosing the leaf blast in rice disease, uses combine analog wave band algorithm and discrimination formula Y=5.283X and differentiates fast.But the X in this formula is the data that the data of comprehensive 400-1000nm scope draw through data pre-service computing, so this method needs PC and complicated data processing software just can finish, and the time that obtains the testing result cost is longer.And its diagnostic system comprises spectral emissions system and spectrum receiving system, the cost height of system cost, and carry system frame and PC is extremely inconvenient, and be difficult to detect in outdoor land for growing field crops, be unfavorable for portable operation.Need to carry out blank before its each diagnosis and proofread and correct, under outdoor uncontrollable weather and illumination condition, a blank correction is once carried out in every measurement will increase time and human cost greatly.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of outdoor portable sclerotinia rot of colza real-time detecting system and method, can realize the fast detecting of sclerotinia rot of colza, cost is low, but large tracts of land is promoted the use of.
A kind of detection method of sclerotinia rot of colza may further comprise the steps:
(1) gather from the reflective light intensity on rape to be measured surface and testing environment with reference to light intensity;
Wherein reflected light for the vertical direction angle be the reflected light of 30～60 degree, and to choose catoptrical wavelength be 550nm and 950nm;
Describedly choose the sunshine that wavelength is 550nm and 950nm with reference to light intensity;
(2) computational discrimination value J, the computing formula of J is as follows:
Wherein, λ
1Be the reflective light intensity of 950nm for wavelength;
λ
2For wavelength be 950nm with reference to light intensity;
λ
3Be the reflective light intensity of 550nm for wavelength;
λ
4For wavelength be 550nm with reference to light intensity;
(3) with the discriminant value J that calculates and threshold value T relatively, if J〉T then rape health is described, on the contrary then rape has infected sclerotiniose.
The present invention judges by the green intensity of weighing rape whether rape infects sclerotiniose, adopt visible/near infrared spectrum to detect studies show that of green plants blade disease and pest, the visible light part is mainly caused by the chlorophyll strong absorption at the low ebb of 450nm and 670nm, and 550nm is chlorophyllous strong reflection wave band, so present a little crest.Produce red side effect and sharply rise at 700nm-750nm reflection spectral line.Be subjected to the injury of disease and pest when plant, the leaves of plants sector-meeting is subjected to damage to a certain degree, thereby chlorophyll can reduce the reflection that reduces green glow, generally cause the reduction of green light band reflectivity, but because we need detect disease and pest in the early stage, the spectral reflectivity of green light band 550nm changes less, because the impaired and withered chlorophyll content that causes of blade reduces, can absorb red spectral band (600nm-700nm) and reduce, near infrared (750nm-950nm) band spectrum reflectivity then has relatively significantly reduction.The characteristic wave long value generation red shift of green glow absorption edge can take place in addition, the characteristic wave long value generation blue shift at red light absorption edge and near infrared absorption edge.Therefore the present invention select can significant reaction rape health status 550nm and 950nm wave band.
Described threshold value T is setting value, general T＜10, but the T value chooses and rape variety, and the soil environment of the place of production and growth and whole nutrient situation are relevant,, the following method of definite employing of T value:
Picked at random accounts for the rape plant of total 20% ratio from rape to be measured, measures the mean value J of the discriminant value J that these rape canopies record
Ave, determine that finally the computing formula of T is:
Collection is generally gathered harvester with interior near rape to be measured surface 20cm, to obtain enough reflective light intensities during from the reflective light intensity on rape to be measured surface again.
The present invention also provides a kind of outdoor portable sclerotinia rot of colza real-time detecting system, comprises housing, be positioned at the optical channel of housing, be positioned at optical channel and be used for gathering the catoptrical bifurcation fiber of rape, with two output terminals of bifurcation fiber over against first filter set, first photo diode sets that is used for light signal is converted into electric signal that links to each other with first filter set, be positioned at second filter set that outside is used for filtering sunshine, second photo diode sets that is used for light signal is converted into electric signal that links to each other with second filter set, the conditioning amplifying circuit that links to each other with first photo diode sets and second photo diode sets, the analog to digital converter that links to each other with the conditioning amplifying circuit, the processor that links to each other with analog to digital converter.
Detection system of the present invention is when detecting, after rape is shined upon, optical channel in the housing receives the reflected light of rape, and pass to first filter set via two output terminals of bifurcation fiber, reflected light filters through first filter set and is converted to electric signal by first photo diode sets, through conditioning amplifying circuit and analog to digital converter data is passed to processor again; Be positioned at the second outer filter set of housing and then directly accept sunshine and filter, filter the back and by second photo diode sets light signal is converted to electric signal, and through conditioning amplifying circuit and analog to digital converter data are passed to processor; Processor is handled after receiving data, judges according to the data processed result of processor whether rape has infected sclerotiniose.
Detection system of the present invention is light source with the sunshine, the detecting element major part is arranged in the portable housing, and adopt two groups of optical filters and photodiode, one group of light intensity of measuring in real time after the rape reflection, one group of light intensity of measuring direct sunlight in real time, need not carry out blank when measuring proofreaies and correct, can realize that light intensity demarcates automatically, the use of detection system is not subjected to the variable effect of weather and illumination condition, can be used for outdoorly judging whether rape infects sclerotiniose fast, the detection cost is low, the detection efficiency height.
Preferably, described housing is formed by two sections that are threaded, and is convenient to the installation and removal of bifurcation fiber, and these two sections have the inner chamber that is interconnected to constitute described optical channel, are respectively equipped with the optical fiber stator in each section, with fixing bifurcation fiber.In order to improve the detection effect, the position relation of control optical channel and sunshine when measuring makes optical channel and the sun lay respectively at the both sides of rape to be measured, is convenient to the reflective light intensity that optical channel receives rape.
Preferably, described first filter set and second filter set are formed by two narrow band pass filters, the centre wavelength of described two narrow band pass filters is respectively 550nm and 950nm, obtain the illumination that wavelength is respectively 550nm and 950nm in order to filtration, described narrow band pass filter can be selected rounded narrow band optical filter.
Preferably, described processor is palm PC (PDA), and the PDA size is little, be easy to carry, and is applicable to field operation, and described single-chip microcomputer is connected by the RS232 universal serial bus with processor.
Preferably, also be provided with the power-supply system into system's power supply in the described housing, power-supply system is integrated in the housing, can further improve the portable performance of detection system, can improve the convenience of detection, further preferred, described power-supply system is battery.
Preferably, described housing is provided with the starting switch for the control detection system.When pressing starting switch, detection system begins to detect, and data are unclamped starting switch after being sent to processor, detect and finish.Can carry out repeated detection by the control starting switch to same rape sample, processor will be exported the mean value of repeated detection and preserve.
For the operation convenience and the comfortableness that improve detection system, described housing is provided with handle.Can hold handle during detection operates.Further preferred, described handle is provided with antiskid groove in order to anti-skidding.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) adopts detection method of the present invention, can accurately differentiate at the their early stage of sclerotinia rot of colza, differentiate than human eye and improved accuracy rate, be conducive to the early prevention and treatment of sclerotinia rot of colza and to a spray medicine;
(2) adopt detection system of the present invention, a people just can easily carry and carry out field operation, but the fast detecting sclerotinia rot of colza, the detection system volume is little, and cost is low, and it is wide to be suitable for area.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of outdoor portable sclerotinia rot of colza real-time detecting system in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the position relation synoptic diagram of detection system and the sun in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the workflow diagram of detection system in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment discloses a kind of outdoor portable sclerotinia rot of colza real-time detecting system, comprises housing 1 and PDA.
The outside of housing 1 is provided with second filter set 6, second filter set 6 is become by the circular arrowband filter set that two centre wavelengths are respectively 550nm and 950nm, be used for directly filtering sunshine to obtain the solar irradiation that wavelength is respectively 550nm and 950nm, the rear portion of second filter set 6 is provided with second photo diode sets 7, second photo diode sets 7 is made up of two photoelectric diodes of being close to optical filter, is used for the light signal that second filter set 6 receives is converted into electric signal.
Also be provided with analog to digital converter 9 in the housing 1, analog to digital converter links to each other with first photo diode sets 5 and second photo diode sets 7 respectively by conditioning amplifying circuit 8, is converted to digital signal in order to the electric signal that will receive.The digital signal of analog to digital converter 9 exports PDA10 to by serial delivery outlet 91, and PDA10 is further processed the signal that receives and shows.
Also be provided with the power-supply system 10 that is used to the detection system power supply in the housing 1, power-supply system 10 is for being loaded on the battery in the housing 1 in the present embodiment.
For the ease of operation, housing 1 is provided with the handle 13 with antiskid groove, can hold handle 13 during detection and operate.Also be provided with starting switch 12 on the housing 1, be used for the control detection system.
As shown in Figure 2, this detection system is by the hand-held operation of people, therefore is difficult to adopt accurate detection distance and angle, the mode that detection system adopts a plurality of angles to average when detecting.At first adjust the distance with rape to be measured before measuring, control is in 20cm, and the vertical direction angle is that 30 degree are between 60 degree, the Way in of optical channel 2 is relative with the sun, during detection, press starting switch 12, detection system begins to detect, wait for several seconds after, treat that system's measured value namely unclamps starting switch 12 after PDA10 shows, as do not carry out the deletion action data and preserve automatically, changeable angle is pressed starting switch 12 again and is measured then, after same rape operation for several times, program on the available PDA10 is asked its mean value automatically and is preserved, and can carry out the detection of next place's rape then.
The principle of work of this detection system is as follows: as shown in Figure 3, after rape is sunlighted, reflected light is passed to bifurcation fiber 3 by optical channel 2, and the output terminal 31 by bifurcation fiber 3 and output terminal 32 be passed to first filter set, 4, the first filter set 4 filter obtain reflected light that wavelength is respectively 550nm and 950nm according to after be passed to first photo diode sets 5; Second filter set 6 that is positioned at housing 1 outside is then directly filtered sunshine and is obtained the solar irradiation that wavelength is respectively 550nm and 950nm, and be passed to second photo diode sets 7, amplify modulate circuit 8 and receive the electric signal of first photo diode sets 5 and second photo diode sets 7 and amplify conditioning, pass to PDA10 by analog to digital converter 9 and serial delivery outlet 91 then and carry out the data processing;
Computational discrimination value J after the PDA10 reception data, the computing formula of J is as follows:
Wherein, λ
1Be the reflective light intensity of 950nm for wavelength;
λ
2For wavelength be 950nm with reference to light intensity;
λ
3Be the reflective light intensity of 550nm for wavelength;
λ
4For wavelength be 550nm with reference to light intensity.
And with the discriminant value J that calculates and threshold value T relatively, if J〉T then rape health is described, on the contrary then rape has infected sclerotiniose.
What rape variety was selected is two 758 Wild cabbage types in Zhejiang, and the sclerotiniose pathogen of inoculation is Sclerotinia sclertiorum bacterial strain.Rape adopts potted plant mode, has 82 strains, and wherein 56 strains are modeling collection (healthy and each 28 strain of catching an illness), and 26 strains are forecast set (healthy and each 13 strain of catching an illness).In 1 heart stage of rape 5 leaves, inoculation sclerotiniose pathogen.The sclerotium germ is cultivated at nutrient culture media, during inoculation, the mycelia piece that is stained with mycelia is placed on the blade of rape plant.Be placed on after the inoculation in the artificial climate room temperature, design temperature is 22 ℃, humidity RH=85%.Healthy and two groups of catching an illness in order to contrast, are cultivated under the same conditions simultaneously in the test, observe once in 12 hours.Waiting to catch an illness began to carry out spectrum data gathering in 48 hours, was then catching an illness 72 hours and 96 hours respectively, gathered the rape canopy spectra data of the different degree of catching an illness.
Utilize the discriminant value computing formula
Calculate the J value of 56 strain sample canopies of modeling collection successively, utilize statistical method, determine threshold value T=3.9, namely work as J=3.9, can judge that plant is healthy, otherwise rice plant has infected the leaf seasonal febrile diseases.Caught an illness 48 hours, and utilized modeling set pair T value to verify that it detects rate of accuracy reached to 90%, to the detection rate of accuracy reached to 82% of forecast set.Then caught an illness 72 hours, the detection rate of accuracy reached to 95% of modeling collection, forecast set detects rate of accuracy reached to 89%.
Compare with traditional laboratory biological chemistry detection method and the high spectral method of detection of near infrared, laboratory chemical method accuracy rate can reach 100% substantially, but wastes time and energy the cost height, and detection time is longer.And near infrared high spectral method of detection in laboratory adopts the complex mathematical algorithm, utilizes computing machine, detects accuracy rate and also can surpass 95%, but the laboratory is detected and is detected at plant leaf blade mostly, need carry out loaded down with trivial details blank and proofread and correct, be difficult to realize real-time detection, and it be bigger influenced by illumination condition.The canopy detection method of mentioning herein of utilizing vegetation index, under field conditions (factors) in real-time mode in the accuracy rate of catching an illness and just can obtain more than 80 in 48 hours, the accuracy rate of catching an illness and just can obtain later near 90% in 72 hours.
Claims (10)
1. the detection method of a sclerotinia rot of colza is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) gather from the reflective light intensity on rape to be measured surface and testing environment with reference to light intensity;
Wherein reflected light for the vertical direction angle be the reflected light of 30～60 degree, and to choose catoptrical wavelength be 550nm and 950nm;
Describedly choose the sunshine that wavelength is 550nm and 950nm with reference to light intensity;
(2) computational discrimination value J, the computing formula of J is as follows:
Wherein, λ
1Be the reflective light intensity of 950nm for wavelength;
λ
2For wavelength be 950nm with reference to light intensity;
λ
3Be the reflective light intensity of 550nm for wavelength;
λ
4For wavelength be 550nm with reference to light intensity;
(3) with the discriminant value J that calculates and threshold value T relatively, if J〉T then rape health is described, on the contrary illustrating that then rape has infected sclerotiniose, the computing formula of threshold value T is as follows:
Wherein, J
AveThe mean value of the discriminant value J that records for picked at random 20% rape to be measured;
T
StBeing constant, is 4.5.
2. outdoor portable sclerotinia rot of colza real-time detecting system, it is characterized in that, comprise housing, be positioned at the optical channel of housing, be positioned at optical channel and be used for gathering the catoptrical bifurcation fiber of rape, with two output terminals of bifurcation fiber over against first filter set, first photo diode sets that is used for light signal is converted into electric signal that links to each other with first filter set, be positioned at second filter set that outside is used for filtering sunshine, second photo diode sets that is used for light signal is converted into electric signal that links to each other with second filter set, the conditioning amplifying circuit that links to each other with first photo diode sets and second photo diode sets, the analog to digital converter that links to each other with the conditioning amplifying circuit, the single-chip microcomputer that links to each other with analog to digital converter, the processor that links to each other with single-chip microcomputer.
3. outdoor portable sclerotinia rot of colza real-time detecting system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described housing is formed by two sections that are threaded, and these two sections have the inner chamber that is interconnected to constitute described optical channel, are respectively equipped with the optical fiber stator in each section.
4. outdoor portable sclerotinia rot of colza real-time detecting system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described first filter set and second filter set are formed by two narrow band pass filters, and the centre wavelength of described two narrow band pass filters is respectively 550nm and 950nm.
5. outdoor portable sclerotinia rot of colza real-time detecting system as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described processor is PDA, and described single-chip microcomputer is connected by the RS232 universal serial bus with processor.
6. outdoor portable sclerotinia rot of colza real-time detecting system as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, also is provided with the power-supply system into system's power supply in the described housing.
7. outdoor portable sclerotinia rot of colza real-time detecting system as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that described power-supply system is battery.
8. outdoor portable sclerotinia rot of colza real-time detecting system as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described housing is provided with the starting switch for the control detection system.
9. outdoor portable sclerotinia rot of colza real-time detecting system as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described housing is provided with handle.
10. outdoor portable sclerotinia rot of colza real-time detecting system as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that described handle is provided with antiskid groove.
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Application publication date: 20131002 |