CN103293120A - Outdoor portable real-time detection system and method for rice leaf blast - Google Patents
Outdoor portable real-time detection system and method for rice leaf blast Download PDFInfo
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- CN103293120A CN103293120A CN2013102058286A CN201310205828A CN103293120A CN 103293120 A CN103293120 A CN 103293120A CN 2013102058286 A CN2013102058286 A CN 2013102058286A CN 201310205828 A CN201310205828 A CN 201310205828A CN 103293120 A CN103293120 A CN 103293120A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an outdoor portable real-time detection system and method for rice leaf blast. The method comprises the following steps of: first, acquiring the reflected light intensity of a rice surface to be detected and the reference light intensity of a detection environment, wherein the included angle between the reflected light and the vertical direction is 20 to 60 degrees, the wavelength of the selected reflected light is 550 nm and 800 nm, and the reference light intensity selects the sunlight with the wavelength of 550 nm and 800 nm; and then, calculating a discriminant value J and comparing the calculated discriminant value J with a threshold value T, wherein if the J is greater than the T, the result shows that the rice is healthy, and otherwise, the result shows that the rice is infected with leaf blast. According to the detection method disclosed by the invention, the rice leaf blast can be discriminated accurately in early onset; the accuracy is improved compared with that of in discrimination by human eyes; and the detection method is favorable to the early prevention and control of the rice leaf blast and pointed pesticide spraying. The detection system disclosed by the invention can be easily carried for performing outdoor operation by one person and can be used for rapidly detecting the rice leaf blast; and the detection system is small in size, low in cost and wide in application area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection system and method for leaf blast in rice disease, relate in particular to the sick real-time detecting system of a kind of outdoor portable leaf blast in rice and method.
Background technology
In the agricultural production, the health of crops is the key that guarantees grain quality and output.Paddy rice is China's important crops.And rice blast is the most common a kind of in the rice disease, can make paddy rice underproduction 40%-50% under the serious incidence.People are to pollution-free food now, organic food is more and more paid close attention to, a large amount of uses of agricultural chemicals can cause more residues of pesticides, thereby harm people's health, so it is important that the early detection of corps diseases seems all the more, early detection can effectively suppress the use of agricultural chemicals, and can carry out prevention work well.
Yet the mode that detects the leaf blast in rice disease at present mostly relatively wastes time and energy, and mainly relies on human eye and chemical detection, has following defective:
The first, the leaf seasonal febrile diseases early stage scab of falling ill is not remarkable, and human eye is judged and had tired subjective problem;
The second, the chemical detection method is more, but the testing process complexity wastes time and energy, and price is higher, differentiates to lag behind.
Spectral technique has harmless characteristics fast, in the disease context of detection its special advantages is arranged, but the higher costliness of the equipment price that the general using spectrographic technique detects, the most of detection all will be carried out in the laboratory, need through complicated pretreatment, even a few devices can be used for outdoor plant leaf blade or canopy, equipment volume and quality are bigger, operation inconvenience.Secondly, the spectral detection instrument all needed blank to proofread and correct before measuring, under laboratory condition, can detect in real time after once proofreading and correct, but under the weather and illumination condition of outdoor complexity, intensity of illumination before each the detection all may change, and therefore all needed to carry out blank and proofread and correct before outdoor each measurement, so just greatly reduces the efficient of detection.In order to satisfy the modern agricultural development needs, the plant disease detection range is needed outdoor portable real-time detecting system badly.
Application number is that the patent documentation of ZL200910097341.4 discloses a kind of rice leaf blast detection and classification method of handling based on multispectral image.Utilize visible/near infrared multispectral video camera to gather the monochromatic gray level image of green light band, red spectral band, three waveband channels of near-infrared band in real time, use MATLAB software then, by image processing method portable application software, carry out image and handle.This stage division has adopted image process method, needs to use the 3CCD video camera, and 3CCD video camera cost is higher, and portability is lower, accuracy susceptible under outdoor changeable intensity of illumination.
Application number is that the patent documentation of ZL200910154289.1 discloses the sick rapid diagnosis system of a kind of leaf blast in rice based on combine analog wave band algorithm, comprise spectral emissions system, spectrum receiving system, regulate support, computer data processing system, crop operating platform, the light shield of spectral emissions system emission is on paddy rice, emission light is gathered by the spectrum receiving system, obtain paddy rice spectral reflectivity system, carry out the differentiation of data pre-service and discrimination formula by the sick fast diagnosis method of leaf blast in rice, realize the quick diagnosis identification of leaf blast in rice disease.This invention also discloses a kind of method of diagnosing the leaf blast in rice disease, uses combine analog wave band algorithm and discrimination formula Y=5.283X and differentiates fast.But the X in this formula is the data that the data of comprehensive 400-1000nm scope draw through data pre-service computing, so this method needs PC and complicated data processing software just can finish, and the time that obtains the testing result cost is longer.And its diagnostic system comprises spectral emissions system and spectrum receiving system, the cost height of system cost, and carry system frame and PC is extremely inconvenient, and be difficult to detect in outdoor land for growing field crops, be unfavorable for portable operation.Need to carry out blank before its each diagnosis and proofread and correct, under outdoor uncontrollable weather and illumination condition, a blank correction is once carried out in every measurement will increase time and human cost greatly.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the sick real-time detecting system of a kind of outdoor portable leaf blast in rice and method, can realize the fast detecting of leaf blast in rice disease, cost is low, but large tracts of land is promoted the use of.
A kind of detection method of leaf blast in rice disease may further comprise the steps:
(1) gather from the reflective light intensity on paddy rice to be measured surface and testing environment with reference to light intensity;
Wherein reflected light for the vertical direction angle be the reflected light of 30～60 degree, and to choose catoptrical wavelength be 550nm and 800nm;
Describedly choose the sunshine that wavelength is 550nm and 800nm with reference to light intensity;
(2) computational discrimination value J, the computing formula of J is as follows:
Wherein, λ
1Be the reflective light intensity of 800nm for wavelength;
λ
2For wavelength be 800nm with reference to light intensity;
λ
3Be the reflective light intensity of 550nm for wavelength;
λ
4For wavelength be 550nm with reference to light intensity;
(3) with the discriminant value J that calculates and threshold value T relatively, if J〉T then paddy rice health is described, on the contrary illustrating that then paddy rice has infected the leaf seasonal febrile diseases, the computing formula of threshold value T is as follows:
Wherein, J
AveThe mean value of the discriminant value J that records for picked at random 20% paddy rice to be measured;
T
StBeing constant, is 4.5.
The present invention judges by the green intensity of weighing paddy rice whether paddy rice infects the leaf seasonal febrile diseases, adopt visible/near infrared spectrum to detect studies show that of green plants blade disease and pest, the visible light part is mainly caused by the chlorophyll strong absorption at the low ebb of 450nm and 670nm, and 550nm is chlorophyllous strong reflection wave band, so present a little crest.Produce red side effect and sharply rise at 700nm-750nm reflection spectral line.Be subjected to the injury of disease and pest when plant, the leaves of plants sector-meeting is subjected to damage to a certain degree, thereby chlorophyll can reduce the reflection that reduces green glow, generally cause the reduction of green light band reflectivity, but because we need detect disease and pest in the early stage, the spectral reflectivity of green light band 550nm changes less, because the impaired and withered chlorophyll content that causes of blade reduces, can absorb red spectral band (600nm-700nm) and reduce, near infrared (750nm-950nm) band spectrum reflectivity then has relatively significantly reduction.The characteristic wave long value generation red shift of green glow absorption edge can take place in addition, the characteristic wave long value generation blue shift at red light absorption edge and near infrared absorption edge.Therefore the present invention select can significant reaction paddy rice health status 550nm and 800nm wave band.
Described threshold value T is setting value, general T＜10, but the T value chooses and rice varieties, and the soil environment of the place of production and growth and whole nutrient situation are relevant, the following method of definite employing of T value:
Picked at random accounts for the rice plant of total 20% ratio from paddy rice to be measured, measures the mean value J of the discriminant value J that these rice canopies record
Ave, determine that finally the computing formula of T is:
T wherein
St=4.5.
Collection is generally gathered harvester with interior near paddy rice to be measured surface 20cm, to obtain enough reflective light intensities during from the reflective light intensity on paddy rice to be measured surface again.
The present invention also provides a kind of outdoor portable leaf blast in rice sick real-time detecting system, comprises housing, be positioned at the optical channel of housing, be positioned at optical channel and be used for gathering the catoptrical bifurcation fiber of paddy rice, with two output terminals of bifurcation fiber over against first filter set, first photo diode sets that is used for light signal is converted into electric signal that links to each other with first filter set, be positioned at second filter set that outside is used for filtering sunshine, second photo diode sets that is used for light signal is converted into electric signal that links to each other with second filter set, the conditioning amplifying circuit that links to each other with first photo diode sets and second photo diode sets, the analog to digital converter that links to each other with the conditioning amplifying circuit, the processor that links to each other with analog to digital converter.
Detection system of the present invention is when detecting, after paddy rice is shined upon, optical channel in the housing receives the reflected light of paddy rice, and pass to first filter set via two output terminals of bifurcation fiber, reflected light filters through first filter set and is converted to electric signal by first photo diode sets, through conditioning amplifying circuit and analog to digital converter data is passed to processor again; Be positioned at the second outer filter set of housing and then directly accept sunshine and filter, filter the back and by second photo diode sets light signal is converted to electric signal, and through conditioning amplifying circuit and analog to digital converter data are passed to processor; Processor is handled after receiving data, judges according to the data processed result of processor whether paddy rice has infected the leaf seasonal febrile diseases.
Detection system of the present invention is light source with the sunshine, the detecting element major part is arranged in the portable housing, and adopt two groups of optical filters and photodiode, one group of light intensity of measuring in real time after the paddy rice reflection, one group of light intensity of measuring direct sunlight in real time, need not carry out blank when measuring proofreaies and correct, can realize that light intensity demarcates automatically, the use of detection system is not subjected to the variable effect of weather and illumination condition, can be used for outdoorly judging whether paddy rice infects the leaf seasonal febrile diseases fast, the detection cost is low, the detection efficiency height.
Preferably, described housing is formed by two sections that are threaded, and is convenient to the installation and removal of bifurcation fiber, and these two sections have the inner chamber that is interconnected to constitute described optical channel, are respectively equipped with the optical fiber stator in each section, with fixing bifurcation fiber.In order to improve the detection effect, the position relation of control optical channel and sunshine when measuring makes optical channel and the sun lay respectively at the both sides of paddy rice to be measured, is convenient to the reflective light intensity that optical channel receives paddy rice.
Preferably, described first filter set and second filter set are formed by two narrow band pass filters, the centre wavelength of described two narrow band pass filters is respectively 550nm and 800nm, obtain the illumination that wavelength is respectively 550nm and 800nm in order to filtration, described narrow band pass filter can be selected rounded narrow band optical filter.
Preferably, described processor is palm PC (PDA), and the PDA size is little, be easy to carry, and is applicable to field operation.
Preferably, also be provided with the power-supply system into system's power supply in the described housing, power-supply system is integrated in the housing, can further improve the portable performance of detection system, can improve the convenience of detection, further preferred, described power-supply system is battery.
Preferably, described housing is provided with the starting switch for the control detection system.When pressing starting switch, detection system begins to detect, and data are unclamped starting switch after being sent to processor, detect and finish.Can carry out repeated detection by the control starting switch to same paddy rice sample, processor will be exported the mean value of repeated detection and preserve.
For the operation convenience and the comfortableness that improve detection system, described housing is provided with handle.Can hold handle during detection operates.Further preferred, described handle is provided with antiskid groove in order to anti-skidding.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) adopts detection method of the present invention, can accurately differentiate at the their early stage of leaf blast in rice disease, differentiate than human eye and improved accuracy rate, be conducive to the early prevention and treatment of leaf blast in rice disease and to a spray medicine;
(2) adopt detection system of the present invention, a people just can easily carry and carry out field operation, but fast detecting leaf blast in rice disease, the detection system volume is little, and cost is low, and it is wide to be suitable for area.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the sick real-time detecting system of outdoor portable leaf blast in rice in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the position relation synoptic diagram of detection system and the sun in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the workflow diagram of detection system in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment discloses the sick real-time detecting system of a kind of outdoor portable leaf blast in rice, comprises housing 1 and PDA.
The outside of housing 1 is provided with second filter set 6, second filter set 6 is become by the circular arrowband filter set that two centre wavelengths are respectively 550nm and 800nm, be used for directly filtering sunshine to obtain the solar irradiation that wavelength is respectively 550nm and 800nm, the rear portion of second filter set 6 is provided with second photo diode sets 7, second photo diode sets 7 is made up of two photoelectric diodes of being close to optical filter, is used for the light signal that second filter set 6 receives is converted into electric signal.
Also be provided with analog to digital converter 9 in the housing 1, analog to digital converter links to each other with first photo diode sets 5 and second photo diode sets 7 respectively by conditioning amplifying circuit 8, is converted to digital signal in order to the electric signal that will receive.The digital signal of analog to digital converter 9 exports PDA10 to by serial delivery outlet 91, and PDA10 is further processed the signal that receives and shows.
Also be provided with the power-supply system 10 that is used to the detection system power supply in the housing 1, power-supply system 10 is for being loaded on the battery in the housing 1 in the present embodiment.
For the ease of operation, housing 1 is provided with the handle 13 with antiskid groove, can hold handle 13 during detection and operate.Also be provided with starting switch 12 on the housing 1, be used for the control detection system.
As shown in Figure 2, this detection system is by the hand-held operation of people, therefore is difficult to adopt accurate detection distance and angle, the mode that detection system adopts a plurality of angles to average when detecting.At first adjust the distance with paddy rice to be measured before measuring, control is in 20cm, and the vertical direction angle is that 30 degree are between 60 degree, the Way in of optical channel 2 is relative with the sun, during detection, press starting switch 12, detection system begins to detect, wait for several seconds after, treat that system's measured value namely unclamps starting switch 12 after PDA10 shows, as do not carry out the deletion action data and preserve automatically, changeable angle is pressed starting switch 12 again and is measured then, after same paddy rice operation for several times, program on the available PDA10 is asked its mean value automatically and is preserved, and can carry out the detection of next place paddy rice then.
The principle of work of this detection system is as follows: as shown in Figure 3, after paddy rice is sunlighted, reflected light is passed to bifurcation fiber 3 by optical channel 2, and the output terminal 31 by bifurcation fiber 3 and output terminal 32 be passed to first filter set, 4, the first filter set 4 filter obtain reflected light that wavelength is respectively 550nm and 800nm according to after be passed to first photo diode sets 5; Second filter set 6 that is positioned at housing 1 outside is then directly filtered sunshine and is obtained the solar irradiation that wavelength is respectively 550nm and 800nm, and be passed to second photo diode sets 7, amplify modulate circuit 8 and receive the electric signal of first photo diode sets 5 and second photo diode sets 7 and amplify conditioning, pass to PDA10 by analog to digital converter 9 and serial delivery outlet 91 then and carry out the data processing;
Computational discrimination value J after the PDA10 reception data, the computing formula of J is as follows:
Wherein, λ
1Be the reflective light intensity of 800nm for wavelength;
λ
2For wavelength be 800nm with reference to light intensity;
λ
3Be the reflective light intensity of 550nm for wavelength;
λ
4For wavelength be 550nm with reference to light intensity.
And with the discriminant value J that calculates and threshold value T relatively, if J〉T then paddy rice health is described, on the contrary then paddy rice has infected the leaf seasonal febrile diseases, and the computing formula of threshold value T is as follows:
Wherein, J
AveThe mean value of the discriminant value J that records for picked at random 20% paddy rice to be measured;
T
StBeing constant, is 4.5.
Adopt method and the device of laboratory classic method and present embodiment that paddy rice sample leaf seasonal febrile diseases are detected respectively, experimentation and result are as follows:
The japonica rice variety that experiment is selected for use is fine for Japan, and the rice blast pathogen of inoculation is the Magnaporthe grisea Pyricularia grisea bacterial strain of no form.
Rice seedling adopts hole plate seedling raising, and each cave basin has hole, 60 caves, has three cave basins, and wherein one group is contrast, and two groups for catching an illness in addition.Rice paddy seed is broadcasted sowing in the hole, cave, and earthing is placed on the special-purpose seedling in the seedling pond of sending out.
Use special-purpose inoculation sprayer in special use inoculation camera bellows, to inoculate Pyricularia oryzae during the phase at rice shoot 4 leaves.After the inoculation seedling cave basin is moved to the darkroom, 26 ℃ of temperature, humidity RH〉92%, in the darkroom, kept 12 hours, from the darkroom, transfer to artificial incubator afterwards, keep hot and humid environment, promote the sprouting of spore.Cultivate 5 days in artificial incubator after, choose 140 strain paddy rice samples, detect, wherein select 90 strains as modeling collection (healthy 45 strains, 45 strains of catching an illness) at random, all the other 50 strains are forecast set (healthy 25 strains, 25 strains of catching an illness).Utilize the discriminant value computing formula
Calculate the J value of 90 strain sample canopies of modeling collection successively, utilize statistical method, determine threshold value T=4.5, namely work as J=4.5, can judge that rice plant is healthy, otherwise rice plant has infected the leaf seasonal febrile diseases.Utilize modeling set pair T value to verify, it detects accuracy rate and surpasses 95%, and the detection accuracy rate of forecast set has then been reached 89%.
Compare with traditional laboratory biological chemistry detection method and the high spectral method of detection of near infrared, laboratory chemical method accuracy rate can reach 100% substantially, but wastes time and energy the cost height, and detection time is longer.And near infrared high spectral method of detection in laboratory adopts the complex mathematical algorithm, utilizes computing machine, detects accuracy rate and also can surpass 95%, but the laboratory is detected and is detected at plant leaf blade mostly, need carry out loaded down with trivial details blank and proofread and correct, be difficult to realize real-time detection, and it be bigger influenced by illumination condition.The canopy detection method of mentioning herein of utilizing vegetation index just can obtain 89% accuracy rate under field conditions (factors) in real-time mode.
Claims (10)
1. the detection method of a leaf blast in rice disease is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) gather from the reflective light intensity on paddy rice to be measured surface and testing environment with reference to light intensity;
Wherein reflected light for the vertical direction angle be the reflected light of 30～60 degree, and to choose catoptrical wavelength be 550nm and 800nm;
Describedly choose the sunshine that wavelength is 550nm and 800nm with reference to light intensity;
(2) computational discrimination value J, the computing formula of J is as follows:
Wherein, λ
1Be the reflective light intensity of 800nm for wavelength;
λ
2For wavelength be 800nm with reference to light intensity;
λ
3Be the reflective light intensity of 550nm for wavelength;
λ
4For wavelength be 550nm with reference to light intensity;
(3) with the discriminant value J that calculates and threshold value T relatively, if J〉T then paddy rice health is described, on the contrary illustrating that then paddy rice has infected the leaf seasonal febrile diseases, the computing formula of threshold value T is as follows:
Wherein, J
AveThe mean value of the discriminant value J that records for picked at random 20% paddy rice to be measured;
T
StBeing constant, is 4.5.
2. sick real-time detecting system of outdoor portable leaf blast in rice, it is characterized in that, comprise housing, be positioned at the optical channel of housing, be positioned at optical channel and be used for gathering the catoptrical bifurcation fiber of paddy rice, with two output terminals of bifurcation fiber over against first filter set, first photo diode sets that is used for light signal is converted into electric signal that links to each other with first filter set, be positioned at second filter set that outside is used for filtering sunshine, second photo diode sets that is used for light signal is converted into electric signal that links to each other with second filter set, the conditioning amplifying circuit that links to each other with first photo diode sets and second photo diode sets, the analog to digital converter that links to each other with the conditioning amplifying circuit, the processor that links to each other with analog to digital converter.
3. the sick real-time detecting system of outdoor portable leaf blast in rice as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described housing is formed by two sections that are threaded, and these two sections have the inner chamber that is interconnected to constitute described optical channel, are respectively equipped with the optical fiber stator in each section.
4. the sick real-time detecting system of outdoor portable leaf blast in rice as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described first filter set and second filter set are formed by two narrow band pass filters, and the centre wavelength of described two narrow band pass filters is respectively 550nm and 800nm.
5. the sick real-time detecting system of outdoor portable leaf blast in rice as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described processor is PDA.
6. the sick real-time detecting system of outdoor portable leaf blast in rice as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, also is provided with the power-supply system into system's power supply in the described housing.
7. the sick real-time detecting system of outdoor portable leaf blast in rice as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that described power-supply system is battery.
8. the sick real-time detecting system of outdoor portable leaf blast in rice as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that described housing is provided with the starting switch for the control detection system.
9. the sick real-time detecting system of outdoor portable leaf blast in rice as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described housing is provided with handle.
10. the sick real-time detecting system of outdoor portable leaf blast in rice as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that described handle is provided with antiskid groove.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN112816441A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-05-18 | 华南农业大学 | Method and device for detecting growth condition of facility horticultural crop |
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Application publication date: 20130911 |