CN102830071B - Detection apparatus and method for total phosphorus content in soil - Google Patents
Detection apparatus and method for total phosphorus content in soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN102830071B CN102830071B CN201210286324.7A CN201210286324A CN102830071B CN 102830071 B CN102830071 B CN 102830071B CN 201210286324 A CN201210286324 A CN 201210286324A CN 102830071 B CN102830071 B CN 102830071B
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- pedotheque
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detection apparatus for total phosphorus content in soil. The detection apparatus comprises a dark box used for disposing a soil sample, an illumination module used for emitting detection light to the soil sample in the dark box, a spectrum acquisition module used for receiving reflected light of the soil sample and a spectrum processing module used for receiving and processing signals from the spectrum acquisition module. The invention also discloses a method of detecting total phosphorus content in soil by using the detection apparatus for total phosphorus content in soil. The detection apparatus for total phosphorus content in soil provided by the invention has a simple structure, can select optical filters with different specific wavelengths as needed and establish a model by utilizing multivariate linear regression so as to measure different indexes of a soil sample, and has the advantages of simple, convenient and fast detection process, accurate and reliable detection results, low detection cost and no pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Soil Testing, be specifically related to the total phosphorus content pick-up unit of a kind of soil and method.
Background technology
Phosphorus is the necessary nutrient of growth and development of plants, and the total phosphorus content of soil is the important indicator differentiating soil fertility, if the total phosphorus content of soil is very low, the possibility that crop lacks phosphorus is very large.。
Total phosphorus content in soil depends primarily on the pouring artificial situation of soil parent material type, rate of decay and Soil Phosphorus, and in arable soil, total phosphorus content is also subject to the impact of human factor as processes such as tillage and cultivations.In general, along with the carrying out of weathering, the total phosphorus content of soil is on a declining curve.Soil Phosphorus can be divided into Inorganic Phosphorus Fractions in Soil and Organic phosphate, and Inorganic Phosphorus Fractions in Soil is the main body of soil phophorus, and in most cases, in dryland soil, Phos can account for more than 70% of total phosphorus content, and in rice soil, Phos can account for total phosphorus content 55% ~ 70%; From world wide, the ratio that Organic phosphate accounts for total phosphorus content is many 15% ~ 80%, and China's Organic phosphate generally accounts for 20% ~ 50% of total phosphorus content, but the soil of growing under forest and steppe vegetation also has and reaches 50% ~ 80%.The process that mineralising is contrary with biological fixation both direction is there is between Organic phosphate with Phos.
Application number a kind of method measuring content of available phosphorus in soil that has been the disclosure of the invention of 200910077709.0.The method comprises the following steps: 1) each pedotheque digestion agent to be measured lixiviate, obtains leaching liquor; The 0.5molL of described digestion agent to be pH value be 8.0-8.5
-1naHCO
3solution; 2) each above-mentioned steps 1) leaching liquor filter, in filtrate, add reagent A and reagent B successively, obtain reactant liquor, reactant liquor is carried out chromatic value or absorbance compares, draw the content of rapid available phosphorus in pedotheque to be measured; Described reagent A is the acid solution of ammonium molybdate; The acid solution of stannous chloride and glycerine are mixed to get by described reagent B.
The assay method of application number a kind of soil quick-effective phosphor based on graphical analysis that has been the disclosure of the invention of 200810023902.1, phosphorous liquid to be measured and developer are reacted and carries out, demonstrate blueness, its blue depth can characterize with blue degree, and blue degree and phosphorus content are that highly linear is relevant.Image analysis software is utilized to obtain the image averaging blueness degree of soil liquid to be measured and standard specimen, (Y is the concentration of standard specimen here to set up the linear equation Y=A-BX of the concentration of standard specimen and the average blue chrominance value of standard specimen, X is the average blue chrominance value of standard specimen, and A, B are constant).The average blue chrominance value of liquid to be measured is substituted into above-mentioned equation, obtains the phosphorus concentration of phosphorous liquid to be measured, then calculate the content of soil quick-effective phosphor.
Measuring the total phosphorus content of soil is the important channel understanding soil fertility, obtain soil total phosphorus content information for the aspects such as agricultural and environment research highly significant.Usually adopt molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method to measure phosphorus content in prior art, measuring process is time-consuming, effort, consumables cost are high, and pilot process easily produces chemical contamination.
Therefore, need to provide a kind of method that can detect total phosphorus content in soil quickly and accurately.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the total phosphorus content detection method of a kind of soil, simple to operate, the detection of total phosphorus content in pedotheque can be realized rapidly and accurately.
The total phosphorus content pick-up unit of a kind of soil, comprising:
For placing the camera bellows of pedotheque;
For launching the lighting module detecting light to the pedotheque in camera bellows;
For receiving the spectra collection module of pedotheque reflected light;
For receiving and processing the spectral manipulation module of the signal from described spectra collection module;
Described lighting module is included in LED point light source array, reflection cap, the first condenser lens, the second condenser lens and output optical fibre that light path is arranged successively, each one of the LED point light source that described LED point light source array comprises 400nm, 460nm, 540nm, 740nm, 850nm, 950nm, 980nm and 1070nm, all LED point light source are circular arrangement and are uniformly distributed.
Pedotheque is placed in described camera bellows, described lighting module launches the detection light of specific wavelength to the pedotheque in camera bellows, the reflected light of described spectra collection module acquires different wave length place pedotheque, reflected light described in described spectral manipulation module receives, extract the reflection light reflectance of different wave length, utilize formula Y=1028X
1-982X
2-1848X
3+ 6194X
4-3779X
5-505.64X
6-140.89X
7+ 115.78X
8+ 12.63 calculate soil sample total phosphorus content.
Pedotheque is placed in described camera bellows, isolates extraneous light, avoids extraneous light to form interference to the collection of pedotheque reflected light, improves the accuracy of soil sample total phosphorus content testing result.
Described LED point light source sends the light of specific wavelength, and after reflection cap reflection, become directional light from the first condenser lens, this directional light, after the second condenser lens focuses on, enters output optical fibre, is passed to the top of pedotheque described in camera bellows by output optical fibre.
As preferably, the optical axis of every LED point light source along optical path direction and described annular axis in angle of 45 degrees.
In angle of 45 degrees, the light that described every LED point light source sends enters the first condenser lens after described reflection cap reflection, becomes directional light for the optical axis of described every LED point light source and the axis of described annular.
As preferably, described spectra collection module comprises the reception optical fiber receiving sample reflection light and the light sensor receiving this reception optical fiber institute transmission signal.
The detection light of the corresponding different wave length of described light sensor is arranged, namely corresponding wavelength 400nm, 460nm, 540nm, 740nm, 850nm, 950nm, 980nm and 1070nm are respectively equipped with light sensor, and described light sensor receives the reflected light from the different wave length of pedotheque.
As preferably, the transmitting terminal of described output optical fibre and the collection terminal receiving optical fiber are all positioned at described camera bellows.
The light that LED point light source array sends is passed to the transmitting terminal that output optical fibre is positioned at camera bellows by the output optical fibre of described lighting module, the detection light of different wave length is launched to pedotheque, detect light and obtain reflected light after pedotheque reflection, after reflected light is gathered by the collection terminal of described reception optical fiber, by reception Optical Fiber Transmission to spectral manipulation module, obtain pedotheque total phosphorus content by spectral manipulation resume module.
As preferably, be provided with the telescoping mechanism of regulation output optical fiber and the second condenser lens spacing.
Described telescoping mechanism can regulate the distance between described output optical fibre and the second condenser lens, namely the detection light light intensity magnitude that the second condenser lens that regulation output optical fiber receives exports, after pedotheque reflection, obtain suitable reflected light light intensity, for calculating pedotheque total phosphorus content.
As preferably, be provided with the structure of fiber_optic be fixedly connected with described camera bellows, this structure of fiber_optic is provided with by the ferrule in camera bellows top insertion camera bellows, and described output optical fibre and reception optical fiber extend in camera bellows along described ferrule.Described ferrule can play certain protective effect to output optical fibre and reception optical fiber.
In order to adjust described output optical fibre and receive the distance of optical fiber and pedotheque, preferably, described structure of fiber_optic is provided with anchorage clip, vertical being clamped in anchorage clip of described ferrule.
The invention also discloses a kind of method utilizing the total phosphorus content pick-up unit of described soil to detect soil phosphorus content, comprise the steps:
(1) pedotheque is put into described camera bellows, utilize the detection light that lighting module is 400nm, 460nm, 540nm, 740nm, 850nm, 950nm, 980nm and 1070nm to pedotheque emission wavelength;
(2) utilize the reflected light of spectra collection module acquires pedotheque, utilize spectral manipulation module to extract the reflectivity of pedotheque at different wave length place;
(3) spectral manipulation module is utilized by gained reflectivity according to equation Y=1028X
1-982X
2-1848X
3+ 6194X
4-3779X
5-505.64X
6-140.89X
7+ 115.78X
8+ 12.63 calculate soil sample total phosphorus content;
Wherein, Y is soil sample total phosphorus content;
X
1~ X
8be respectively pedotheque and detect light reflectance at wavelength 400nm, 460nm, 540nm, 740nm, 850nm, 950nm, 980nm and 1070nm place.
By launching the light of different wave length to pedotheque, gather the reflected light information of pedotheque, extract the reflectivity of different wave length place pedotheque, calculate total phosphorus content in soil.
The present invention the characteristic wavelength selected only for the detection of the total phosphorus content of soil, be not suitable for the detection of other indexs of soil, if need other indexs detecting pedotheque, again need select characteristic wavelength, by multiple linear regression Modling model, obtain corresponding computing formula.
Soil of the present invention total phosphorus content structure of the detecting device is simple, the optical filter of different specific wavelengths can be selected as required, utilize multiple linear regression Modling model, for measuring the different indexs of pedotheque, testing process is simple and efficient, testing result accurately and reliably, testing cost is low, pollution-free.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of soil of the present invention total phosphorus content pick-up unit schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a kind of soil of the present invention total phosphorus content pick-up unit lighting module schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the side view of Fig. 2.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the total phosphorus content pick-up unit of a kind of soil of the present invention is described in detail.
The total phosphorus content pick-up unit of a kind of soil, comprising: for place pedotheque camera bellows, for launch to the pedotheque in camera bellows detect light lighting module 2, for receive pedotheque reflected light spectra collection module, for receiving and processing the spectral manipulation module 3 of the signal from described spectra collection module.
Camera bellows is provided with sliding door, after pedotheque puts into camera bellows, closes sliding door, prevents extraneous light to the interference of spectra collection module acquires pedotheque reflected light.
Lighting module 2 be included in light path is arranged successively LED point light source 20 array, reflection cap 24, first condenser lens 21, second condenser lens 16 and output optical fibre, LED point light source 20 array comprises each one of the LED point light source of 400nm, 460nm, 540nm, 740nm, 850nm, 950nm, 980nm and 1070nm, all LED point light source are circular arrangement and are uniformly distributed, the optical axis of every LED point light source along optical path direction and annular axis in angle of 45 degrees.
Spectra collection module comprises the reception optical fiber receiving sample reflection light and the light sensor receiving this reception optical fiber institute transmission signal, the detection light of light sensor corresponding LED point light source 20 different wave length is arranged, namely corresponding wavelength 400nm, 460nm, 540nm, 740nm, 850nm, 950nm, 980nm and 1070nm are respectively equipped with light sensor, and light sensor receives the reflected light from the different wave length of pedotheque.
The transmitting terminal of output optical fibre and the collection terminal of reception optical fiber are all positioned at camera bellows, the light that LED point light source 20 array sends is passed to the transmitting terminal that output optical fibre is positioned at camera bellows by the output optical fibre of lighting module 2, the detection light of different wave length is launched to pedotheque, detect light and obtain reflected light after pedotheque reflection, after reflected light is gathered by the collection terminal receiving optical fiber, by reception Optical Fiber Transmission to spectral manipulation module 3, processed by spectral manipulation module 3 and obtain pedotheque total phosphorus content.
Be provided with the telescoping mechanism 15 of regulation output optical fiber and the second condenser lens 16 spacing, telescoping mechanism 15 can distance between regulation output optical fiber and the second condenser lens 16, namely the detection light light intensity magnitude that the second condenser lens 16 that regulation output optical fiber receives exports, after pedotheque reflection, obtain suitable reflected light light intensity, for calculating pedotheque total phosphorus content.
Be provided with and place lighting module 2, the support 1 of spectra collection module and spectral manipulation module 3, support 1 is also provided with the display screen 4 of display spectrum processing module 3 result, spectra collection module switch 6 and power switch 5.
Be provided with the structure of fiber_optic 12 be fixedly connected with camera bellows 10, this structure of fiber_optic 12 is provided with by the ferrule 13 in camera bellows 10 top insertion camera bellows 10, output optical fibre and reception optical fiber extend in camera bellows 10 along ferrule 13, structure of fiber_optic 12 is provided with anchorage clip, what ferrule 13 was vertical is clamped in anchorage clip, by regulating the clip position of anchorage clip, the length that ferrule 13 gos deep in camera bellows 10 can be regulated, thus make the transmitting terminal of output optical fibre and receive collection terminal and pedotheque 9 close contact of optical fiber.
Lighting module 2 of the present invention, spectra collection module and spectral manipulation module 3 are consuming parts, in order to ensure lighting module 2, the normal work of spectra collection module and spectral manipulation module 3, lighting module 2 is should be understood under the prerequisite not having specified otherwise, spectra collection module and spectral manipulation module 3 are all connected with the power supply matched, lighting module 2, spectra collection module and spectral manipulation module 3 can adopt same general supply, also according to actual needs power supply can be set separately, or by lighting module 2, the transmission of the circuit realiration power supply signal between spectra collection module and spectral manipulation module 3.Spatial relation between each consuming parts does not strictly limit, but adopts the circuit arrangement that integrated level is higher as much as possible for the ease of processing and installation.
During soil phosphorus content pick-up unit work of the present invention, pedotheque 9 is put into camera bellows 10, close sliding door 8, by structure of fiber_optic 12 anchorage clip, ferrule 13 is regulated to insert the height of camera bellows 10, the collection terminal of the transmitting terminal of output optical fibre 14 and reception optical fiber is made to be close to pedotheque 9, turn on the power switch 5, lighting module 22 sends 400nm, 460nm, 540nm, 740nm, 850nm, 950nm, the light of 980nm and 1070nm wavelength, transmitting terminal through output optical fibre 14 exposes to pedotheque 9, open spectra collection module switch 6, after soil-like reflection, through receiving the collection terminal collection of optical fiber, be passed to spectral manipulation module 3, after spectral manipulation module 3 processes, by the display of pedotheque 9 total phosphorus content on the display screen 4.Soil phosphorus content unit is mg/kg.
Soil described in utilization total phosphorus content pick-up unit detects the method for the total phosphorus content of soil, comprises the steps:
(1) pedotheque is put into described camera bellows, utilize the detection light that lighting module is 400nm, 460nm, 540nm, 740nm, 850nm, 950nm, 980nm and 1070nm to pedotheque emission wavelength;
(2) utilize the reflected light of spectra collection module acquires pedotheque, utilize spectral manipulation module to extract the reflectivity of pedotheque at different wave length place;
(3) spectral manipulation module is utilized by gained reflectivity according to equation Y=1028X
1-982X
2-1848X
3+ 6194X
4-3779X
5-505.64X
6-140.89X
7+ 115.78X
8+ 12.63 calculate soil sample total phosphorus content;
Wherein, Y is soil sample total phosphorus content;
X
1~ X
8be respectively pedotheque and detect light reflectance at wavelength 400nm, 460nm, 540nm, 740nm, 850nm, 950nm, 980nm and 1070nm place.
The present invention the characteristic wavelength selected (wherein have one as with reference to wavelength, all the other 7 participate in calculating) only for the quick detection of soil total phosphorus content, if need other indexs measuring soil, need again to select specific wavelength, pass through multiple linear regression, Modling model, calculates corresponding desired value.
Utilize the index of correlation of method establishment model provided by the invention in table 1, wherein, during modeling set representations Modling model, utilize the reflectivity of pedotheque and existing method to test the total phosphorus content matching obtained and obtain model equation, forecast set represents, after having set up model, the total phosphorus content matching using pedotheque to obtain according to model equation obtains typical curve.
Table 1
Embodiment 1 ~ 10
Utilize apparatus and method provided by the invention to test soil sample total phosphorus content, test result is in table 2.
Table 2
By table 2 data, can find out, it is close that the total phosphorus content of the soil utilizing the inventive method to record and existing method test the data obtained, and utilizes the present invention can total phosphorus content in Fast Measurement soil, reliable results.
Claims (1)
1. utilize the total phosphorus content pick-up unit of soil to detect a method for soil phosphorus content, it is characterized in that, the total phosphorus content pick-up unit of described soil, comprising:
For placing the camera bellows of pedotheque;
For launching the lighting module detecting light to the pedotheque in camera bellows;
For receiving the spectra collection module of pedotheque reflected light; Described spectra collection module comprises the reception optical fiber receiving sample reflection light and the light sensor receiving this reception optical fiber institute transmission signal;
For receiving and processing the spectral manipulation module of the signal from described spectra collection module;
Described lighting module is included in LED point light source array, reflection cap, the first condenser lens, the second condenser lens and output optical fibre that light path is arranged successively, each one of the LED point light source that described LED point light source array comprises 400nm, 460nm, 540nm, 740nm, 850nm, 950nm, 980nm and 1070nm, all LED point light source are circular arrangement and are uniformly distributed; The optical axis of every LED point light source along optical path direction and described annular axis in angle of 45 degrees;
The transmitting terminal of described output optical fibre and the collection terminal of reception optical fiber are all positioned at described camera bellows; Be provided with the telescoping mechanism of regulation output optical fiber and the second condenser lens spacing;
Be provided with the structure of fiber_optic be fixedly connected with described camera bellows, this structure of fiber_optic is provided with by the ferrule in camera bellows top insertion camera bellows, and described output optical fibre and reception optical fiber extend in camera bellows along described ferrule; Described structure of fiber_optic is provided with anchorage clip, and what described ferrule was vertical is clamped in anchorage clip;
The method of described detection soil phosphorus content, comprises the steps:
(1) pedotheque is put into described camera bellows, utilize the detection light that lighting module is 400nm, 460nm, 540nm, 740nm, 850nm, 950nm, 980nm and 1070nm to pedotheque emission wavelength;
(2) utilize the reflected light of spectra collection module acquires pedotheque, utilize spectral manipulation module to extract the reflectivity of pedotheque at different wave length place;
(3) spectral manipulation module is utilized by gained reflectivity according to equation Y=1028X
1-982X
2-1848X
3+ 6194X
4-3779X
5-505.64X
6-140.89X
7+ 115.78X
8+ 12.63 calculate soil sample total phosphorus content;
Wherein, Y is soil sample total phosphorus content;
X
1~ X
8be respectively pedotheque and detect light reflectance at wavelength 400nm, 460nm, 540nm, 740nm, 850nm, 950nm, 980nm and 1070nm place.
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| CN103528966B (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-10-28 | 浙江工业大学 | The organic spectra collection method in the depth of soil face of cylinder and device thereof |
| CN106248626A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2016-12-21 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of detection method of soil humic acid content |
| CN109100341A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-28 | 绿嘉图（北京）科技有限公司 | A kind of multi-functional dry type POCT equipment and detection method |
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