CN102798597A - Soil total nitrogen content detection apparatus and method - Google Patents
Soil total nitrogen content detection apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102798597A CN102798597A CN2012102863548A CN201210286354A CN102798597A CN 102798597 A CN102798597 A CN 102798597A CN 2012102863548 A CN2012102863548 A CN 2012102863548A CN 201210286354 A CN201210286354 A CN 201210286354A CN 102798597 A CN102798597 A CN 102798597A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil total nitrogen content detection apparatus, which comprises a black case used for placing a soil sample, an illumination module used for emitting detection light to the soil sample in the black case, a spectrum acquisition module used for receiving the soil sample reflected light, and a spectrum processing module used for receiving and processing the signals from the spectrum acquisition module. The invention also discloses a method for detecting the soil total nitrogen content by using the soil total nitrogen content detection apparatus. The structure of the soil total nitrogen content detection apparatus is simple, the optical filters with different specific wavelengths can be selected according to the requirements, the multivariate linear regression is used for establishing a model to measure different index of the soil sample, the detection process is simple and fast, the detection result is accurate and reliable, the detection cost is low and no pollution is generated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the soil detection range, be specifically related to total nitrogen content pick-up unit of a kind of soil and method.
Background technology
The total nitrogen content of soil is to differentiate the important indicator of soil fertility, and nitrogen is the necessary nutrient of growth and development of plants.
Nitrogen in the soil is divided into inorganic nitrogen and organic nitrogen, and the nitrogen-containing organic compound in the soil is mainly protein, polypeptide, nucleic acid, peptide glycan, chitin etc., and the small amounts of water soluble nitrogen-containing organic compound is also arranged, like amino acid, amino sugar and urea etc.Protein and polypeptide occupy 20~50% of machine nitrogen-containing compound total amount usually, and amino sugar accounts for 5~10%, except that soluble amino acid; All the other nitrogen-containing organic compounds all can not directly be absorbed by plant; Must decompose through microorganism, ammonia is discharged, could supply plant utilization.
It is at external hydrolytic enzyme big molecule to be hydrolyzed into micromolecule by secretion that microorganism is decomposed nitrogen-containing organic compound, when for example protein is decomposed, by the proteinase of secreting to born of the same parents proteolysis is become amino acid earlier; When nucleic acid is decomposed, be degraded to amino acid, phosphoric acid, urea and ammonia by hydrolase nucleic acid, urea is decomposed into ammonia and carbon dioxide by urase again.
Application number a kind of determination method of content of inorganic nitrogen in soil that has been 200910083480.1 disclosure of the Invention; Said determination method may further comprise the steps: (1) lixiviate: in pedotheque, add leaching liquor; Lixiviate goes out nitrate nitrogen and the ammonium nitrogen in the soil, obtains filtered fluid after the filtration; (2) oxidation: obtain adding oxidising agent in the filtered fluid toward step (1), ammonium nitrogen is oxidized to nitrate nitrogen, obtain the total nitrate nitrogen solution of soil; (3) the total nitrate nitrogen solution of soil is carried out dual wavelength and carry out colorimetric estimation, the light absorption value that obtains according to colorimetric calculates content of inorganic nitrogen in soil.
Application number be 200810012906.X disclosure of the Invention a kind of method of combined test of total nitrogen and total phosphor phosphorus in soil; Comprising the steps: that (1) soil disappears synchronously boils pre-service: take by weighing air-dry sieved soil sample and boil in the pipe in disappearing; Add accelerator; Add concentrated sulfuric acid solution again, placing disappears under the hot conditions boils; (2) soil liquid to be measured preparation: disappear and boil disappearing of finishing and boil liquid, the cooling back adds the distilled water constant volume, promptly can be used for the total soil nitrogen assay; Draw total soil nitrogen liquid to be measured,, promptly can be used for the soil content of tatal phosphorus and measure through alkali lye adjustment pH value of solution value; (3) total nitrogen and total phosphor phosphorus in soil assay: utilize continuous flow injection analyser to measure automatically respectively.
The total nitrogen content of measured soil is the important channel of understanding soil fertility, obtains soil total nitrogen content information for the research of aspects such as agricultural and environment highly significant.Measuring the nitrogen content method in the prior art is Kjeldahl or Dumars burning nitriding, and measuring process is time-consuming, effort, consumables cost are high, and pilot process is easy to generate chemical contamination.
Therefore, a kind of method that can detect total nitrogen content in the soil quickly and accurately need be provided.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the total nitrogen content detection method of a kind of soil, simple to operate, can realize the detection of total nitrogen content in the pedotheque rapidly and accurately.
The total nitrogen content pick-up unit of a kind of soil comprises:
Be used to place the camera bellows of pedotheque;
Be used for illumination module to the pedotheque emitting detection light of camera bellows;
Be used to receive the catoptrical spectra collection module of pedotheque;
Be used to receive and handle spectral manipulation module from the signal of said spectra collection module;
Said illumination module is included in LED pointolite array, reflection lid, first condenser lens, second condenser lens and the output optical fibre of arranging successively on the light path; Said LED pointolite array comprises each one of the LED pointolite of 383nm, 442nm, 492nm, 665nm, 740nm, 837nm, 905nm and 1060nm, and all LED pointolites are circular arrangement and evenly distribute.
Pedotheque places said camera bellows; The detection light of the pedotheque emission specific wavelength of said illumination module in camera bellows; Said spectra collection module is gathered the reflected light of different wave length place pedotheque; Said spectral manipulation module receives described reflected light, extracts the catoptrical reflectivity of different wave length, utilizes formula Y=783.5X
1-261.1X
2-182.8X
3+ 806.9X
4+ 193.5X
5-162.9X
6+ 169.8X
7-307.1X
8+ 156.5 calculate the soil sample total nitrogen content.
Pedotheque places in the said camera bellows, isolates extraneous light, and catoptrical collection forms interference to pedotheque to avoid extraneous light, improves the accuracy of soil sample total nitrogen content testing result.
Said LED pointolite sends the light of specific wavelength, after the reflection of reflection lid, becomes directional light by first condenser lens, and this directional light gets into output optical fibre after second condenser lens focuses on, be passed to the top of pedotheque described in the camera bellows by output optical fibre.
As preferably, the optical axis of every LED pointolite along the axis of optical path direction and said annular in angle of 45 degrees.
The optical axis of said every LED pointolite and the axis of said annular in angle of 45 degrees, the light that said every LED pointolite sends becomes directional light through said reflection lid reflection back entering first condenser lens.
As preferably, said spectra collection module comprises the light sensor that receives the catoptrical reception optical fiber of sample and receive this reception signal that optical fiber transmits.
The detection light of the corresponding different wave length of said light sensor is provided with; Be that corresponding wavelength 383nm, 442nm, 492nm, 665nm, 740nm, 837nm, 905nm and 1060nm are respectively equipped with light sensor, said light sensor receives the reflected light from the different wave length of pedotheque.
As preferably, the transmitting terminal of said output optical fibre and the collection terminal that receives optical fiber all are positioned at said camera bellows.
The light that the output optical fibre of said illumination module sends the LED pointolite array is passed to the transmitting terminal that output optical fibre is positioned at camera bellows; Detection light to pedotheque emission different wave length; Detect light and after the pedotheque reflection, obtain reflected light; Reflected light by receiving Optical Fiber Transmission to spectral manipulation module, obtains the pedotheque total nitrogen content by the spectral manipulation resume module after being gathered by the collection terminal of said reception optical fiber.
As preferably, be provided with the telescoping mechanism of regulating the output optical fibre and the second condenser lens spacing.
Said telescoping mechanism can be regulated the distance between the said output optical fibre and second condenser lens; Promptly regulate the detection light light intensity magnitude of second condenser lens output that output optical fibre receives; After the pedotheque reflection, obtain suitable reflected light light intensity, be used to calculate the pedotheque total nitrogen content.
As preferably, be provided with the structure of fiber_optic that is fixedly connected with said camera bellows, this structure of fiber_optic is provided with by the camera bellows top and inserts the ferrule in the camera bellows, and said output optical fibre and reception optical fiber extend in the camera bellows along said ferrule.Said ferrule can and receive optical fiber to output optical fibre and play the certain protection effect.
For the distance of adjusting said output optical fibre and receiving optical fiber and pedotheque, preferably, said structure of fiber_optic is provided with anchorage clip, and what said ferrule was vertical is clamped in the anchorage clip.
The invention also discloses a kind of method of utilizing the total nitrogen content pick-up unit of described soil to detect the soil nitrogen content, comprise the steps:
(1) pedotheque is put into said camera bellows, utilize the illumination module to the detection light of pedotheque emission wavelength for 383nm, 442nm, 492nm, 665nm, 740nm, 837nm, 905nm and 1060nm;
(2) utilize the reflected light of spectra collection module collection soil sample, utilize the spectral manipulation module to extract the reflectivity of pedotheque at the different wave length place;
(3) utilize the spectral manipulation module with the gained reflectivity according to equation Y=783.5X
1-261.1X
2-182.8X
3+ 806.9X
4+ 193.5X
5-162.9X
6+ 169.8X
7-307.1X
8+ 156.5 calculate the soil sample total nitrogen content;
Wherein, Y is the soil sample total nitrogen content;
X
1~X
8Be respectively pedotheque and detect the reflection of light rate at wavelength 383nm, 442nm, 492nm, 665nm, 740nm, 837nm, 905nm and 1060nm place.
Through light to pedotheque emission different wave length, the reflected light information of collection soil sample, the reflectivity of extraction different wave length place pedotheque calculates total nitrogen content in the soil.
The selected characteristic wavelength of the present invention only is directed against the detection of the total nitrogen content of soil; Be not suitable for the detection of other indexs of soil, detect other indexs of pedotheque if desired, need again selected characteristic wavelength; Set up model through multiple linear regression, obtain the corresponding calculated formula.
The total nitrogen content pick-up unit of soil of the present invention is simple in structure; Can select the optical filter of different specific wavelengths as required; Utilize multiple linear regression to set up model; Be used for the different indexs of measured soil sample, testing process is simple and efficient, testing result accurately and reliably, to detect cost low, pollution-free.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the total nitrogen content pick-up unit of a kind of soil of a present invention synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the total nitrogen content pick-up unit of a kind of soil of a present invention illumination module diagram;
Fig. 3 is the side view of Fig. 2.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the total nitrogen content pick-up unit of a kind of soil of the present invention is done detailed description.
The total nitrogen content pick-up unit of a kind of soil comprises: be used for placing pedotheque camera bellows, be used for to the pedotheque emitting detection light of camera bellows illumination module 2, be used to receive the catoptrical spectra collection module of pedotheque, be used to receive and handle spectral manipulation module 3 from the signal of said spectra collection module.
Camera bellows is provided with sliding door, after pedotheque is put into camera bellows, closes sliding door, prevents that extraneous light is to the catoptrical interference of spectra collection module collection soil sample.
Illumination module 2 is included on the light path LED pointolite 20 arrays, the reflection of arranging successively and covers 24, first condenser lens 21, second condenser lens 16 and the output optical fibre; LED pointolite 20 arrays comprise 383nm, 442nm, 492nm, 665nm, 740nm, 837nm, 905nm and 1060nm the LED pointolite each one; All LED pointolites are circular arrangement and evenly distribute, and the optical axis of every LED pointolite along the axis of optical path direction and annular in angle of 45 degrees.
The spectra collection module comprises the light sensor that receives the catoptrical reception optical fiber of sample and receive this reception signal that optical fiber transmits; The detection light of corresponding LED pointolite 20 different wave lengths of light sensor is provided with; Be that corresponding wavelength 383nm, 442nm, 492nm, 665nm, 740nm, 837nm, 905nm and 1060nm are respectively equipped with light sensor, light sensor receives the reflected light from the different wave length of pedotheque.
The collection terminal of the transmitting terminal of output optical fibre and reception optical fiber all is positioned at camera bellows; The output optical fibre of illumination module 2 is passed to the transmitting terminal that output optical fibre is positioned at camera bellows with the light that LED pointolite 20 arrays send; To the detection light of pedotheque emission different wave length, detect light and after the pedotheque reflection, obtain reflected light, after reflected light is gathered by the collection terminal that receives optical fiber; By receiving Optical Fiber Transmission to spectral manipulation module 3, obtain the pedotheque total nitrogen content by 3 processing of spectral manipulation module.
Be provided with the telescoping mechanism 15 of regulating output optical fibre and second condenser lens, 16 spacings; Telescoping mechanism 15 can be regulated the distance of 16 of output optical fibre and second condenser lenses; Promptly regulate the detection light light intensity magnitude of second condenser lens, 16 outputs that output optical fibre receives; After the pedotheque reflection, obtain suitable reflected light light intensity, be used to calculate the pedotheque total nitrogen content.
Be provided with and place illumination module 2, the support 1 of spectra collection module and spectral manipulation module 3 also is provided with the display screen 4, spectra collection module switch 6 and the power switch 5 that show spectrum processing module 3 results on the support 1.
Be provided with the structure of fiber_optic 12 that is fixedly connected with camera bellows 10; This structure of fiber_optic 12 is provided with by camera bellows 10 tops and inserts the ferrule 13 in the camera bellows 10; Output optical fibre and reception optical fiber extend in the camera bellows 10 along ferrule 13; Structure of fiber_optic 12 is provided with anchorage clip, and ferrule 13 vertical being clamped in the anchorage clip are through regulating the clip position of anchorage clip; Can regulate ferrule 13 and go deep into the length in the camera bellows 10, thereby the transmitting terminal of output optical fibre and the collection terminal of reception optical fiber are closely contacted with pedotheque 9.
Illumination module of the present invention 2, spectra collection module and spectral manipulation module 3 are consuming parts; In order to guarantee the operate as normal of illumination module 2, spectra collection module and spectral manipulation module 3; All be not connected with the power supply that is complementary having to be to be understood that under the prerequisite of specified otherwise for illumination module 2, spectra collection module and spectral manipulation module 3; Illumination module 2, spectra collection module and spectral manipulation module 3 can adopt same general supply; Also power supply can be set separately according to actual needs, or realize the transmission of power supply signal through the circuit between illumination module 2, spectra collection module and the spectral manipulation module 3.Spatial relation between each consuming parts does not have strict restriction, but adopts the higher circuit arrangement of integrated level as much as possible for the ease of processing and installation.
When soil nitrogen content pick-up unit of the present invention is worked, pedotheque 9 is put into camera bellows 10, close sliding door 8; Through structure of fiber_optic 12 anchorage clips, regulate the height that ferrule 13 inserts camera bellows 10, make the transmitting terminal of output optical fibre 14 and the collection terminal of reception optical fiber be close to pedotheque 9; Turn on the power switch 5, illumination module 22 is sent the light of 383nm, 442nm, 492nm, 665nm, 740nm, 837nm, 905nm and 1060nm wavelength, exposes to pedotheque 9 through the transmitting terminal of output optical fibre 14; Open spectra collection module switch 6; After the soil-like reflection,, be passed to spectral manipulation module 3 through receiving the collection terminal collection of optical fiber; After spectral manipulation module 3 is handled, pedotheque 9 total nitrogen contents are presented on the display screen 4.Soil Nitrogen content unit is mg/kg.
Utilize the total nitrogen content pick-up unit of described soil to detect the method for the total nitrogen content of soil, comprise the steps:
(1) pedotheque is put into said camera bellows, utilize the illumination module to the detection light of pedotheque emission wavelength for 383nm, 442nm, 492nm, 665nm, 740nm, 837nm, 905nm and 1060nm;
(2) utilize the reflected light of spectra collection module collection soil sample, utilize the spectral manipulation module to extract the reflectivity of pedotheque at the different wave length place;
(3) utilize the spectral manipulation module with the gained reflectivity according to equation Y=783.5X
1-261.1X
2-182.8X
3+ 806.9X
4+ 193.5X
5-162.9X
6+ 169.8X
7-307.1X
8+ 156.5 calculate the soil sample total nitrogen content;
Wherein, Y is the soil sample total nitrogen content;
X
1~X
8Be respectively pedotheque and detect the reflection of light rate at wavelength 383nm, 442nm, 492nm, 665nm, 740nm, 837nm, 905nm and 1060nm place.
The selected characteristic wavelength of the present invention (wherein has a conduct with reference to wavelength; All the other 7 participate in to be calculated) only to the fast detecting of soil total nitrogen content; Other indexs of measured soil need again selected specific wavelength, through multiple linear regression if desired; Set up model, calculate corresponding desired value.
The index of correlation of utilizing method provided by the invention to set up model is seen table 1; Wherein, When the modeling set representations was set up model, the total nitrogen content match that utilizes reflectivity and the existing method test of pedotheque to obtain obtained model equation, and forecast set is represented; After having set up model, use pedotheque to obtain typical curve according to total nitrogen content match that model equation obtains.
Table 1
Embodiment 1~10
Utilize apparatus and method provided by the invention that the soil sample total nitrogen content is tested, test result is seen table 2.
Table 2
By table 2 data, can find out that the data that the test of the total nitrogen content of the soil that utilizes the inventive method to record and existing method obtains are approaching, utilize the present invention can fast measuring soil in total nitrogen content, reliable results.
Claims (8)
1. the total nitrogen content pick-up unit of soil is characterized in that, comprising:
Be used to place the camera bellows of pedotheque;
Be used for illumination module to the pedotheque emitting detection light of camera bellows;
Be used to receive the catoptrical spectra collection module of pedotheque;
Be used to receive and handle spectral manipulation module from the signal of said spectra collection module;
Said illumination module is included in LED pointolite array, reflection lid, first condenser lens, second condenser lens and the output optical fibre of arranging successively on the light path; Said LED pointolite array comprises each one of the LED pointolite of 383nm, 442nm, 492nm, 665nm, 740nm, 837nm, 905nm and 1060nm, and all LED pointolites are circular arrangement and evenly distribute.
2. the total nitrogen content pick-up unit of soil as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the optical axis of every LED pointolite along the axis of optical path direction and said annular in angle of 45 degrees.
3. the total nitrogen content pick-up unit of soil as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, said spectra collection module comprises the light sensor that receives the catoptrical reception optical fiber of sample and receive this reception signal that optical fiber transmits.
4. the total nitrogen content pick-up unit of soil as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the collection terminal of the transmitting terminal of said output optical fibre and reception optical fiber all is positioned at said camera bellows.
5. the total nitrogen content pick-up unit of soil as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, is provided with the telescoping mechanism of regulating the output optical fibre and the second condenser lens spacing.
6. soil organism pick-up unit as claimed in claim 5; It is characterized in that; Be provided with the structure of fiber_optic that is fixedly connected with said camera bellows; This structure of fiber_optic is provided with by the camera bellows top and inserts the ferrule in the camera bellows, and said output optical fibre and reception optical fiber extend in the camera bellows along said ferrule.
7. soil organism pick-up unit as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that said structure of fiber_optic is provided with anchorage clip, and what said ferrule was vertical is clamped in the anchorage clip.
8. utilize the method that detects the soil nitrogen content like the total nitrogen content pick-up unit of the arbitrary described soil of claim 1~7, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) pedotheque is put into said camera bellows, utilize the illumination module to the detection light of pedotheque emission wavelength for 383nm, 442nm, 492nm, 665nm, 740nm, 837nm, 905nm and 1060nm;
(2) utilize the reflected light of spectra collection module collection soil sample, utilize the spectral manipulation module to extract the reflectivity of pedotheque at the different wave length place;
(3) utilize the spectral manipulation module with the gained reflectivity according to equation Y=783.5X
1-261.1X
2-182.8X
3+ 806.9X
4+ 193.5X
5-162.9X
6+ 169.8X
7-307.1X
8+ 156.5 calculate the soil sample total nitrogen content;
Wherein, Y is the soil sample total nitrogen content;
X
1~X
8Be respectively pedotheque and detect the reflection of light rate at wavelength 383nm, 442nm, 492nm, 665nm, 740nm, 837nm, 905nm and 1060nm place.
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CN103808943A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-05-21 | 南京农业大学 | Method for detecting nitrogen available in soil based on fluorescent protein distribution proportion |
WO2014094381A1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Method and system for quickly measuring nitrogen distribution on soil surface |
CN104596943A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-05-06 | 中国矿业大学 | Indoor spectral layered measuring method for poisonous and harmful elements at mine reclamation area |
CN106483077A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2017-03-08 | 南京理工大学 | Burner body constituent content mensure method based on main constituent and multiple linear regression |
CN106525756A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-03-22 | 赣州市检验检疫科学技术研究院 | Apparatus and method for rapid identification of timber varieties |
CN107042208A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-08-15 | 华东交通大学 | The online batch detecting device of salmon meat VBN and detection method based on spectrum analysis |
CN107764976A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-03-06 | 广州市健坤网络科技发展有限公司 | Soil nitrogen fast diagnosis method and on-line monitoring system |
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WO2014094381A1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Method and system for quickly measuring nitrogen distribution on soil surface |
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CN104596943A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-05-06 | 中国矿业大学 | Indoor spectral layered measuring method for poisonous and harmful elements at mine reclamation area |
CN106483077A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2017-03-08 | 南京理工大学 | Burner body constituent content mensure method based on main constituent and multiple linear regression |
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CN106525756A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-03-22 | 赣州市检验检疫科学技术研究院 | Apparatus and method for rapid identification of timber varieties |
CN107042208A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-08-15 | 华东交通大学 | The online batch detecting device of salmon meat VBN and detection method based on spectrum analysis |
CN107764976A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-03-06 | 广州市健坤网络科技发展有限公司 | Soil nitrogen fast diagnosis method and on-line monitoring system |
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