CN103141250A - Industrial crop growing method used in rice field - Google Patents
Industrial crop growing method used in rice field Download PDFInfo
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- CN103141250A CN103141250A CN2013100614920A CN201310061492A CN103141250A CN 103141250 A CN103141250 A CN 103141250A CN 2013100614920 A CN2013100614920 A CN 2013100614920A CN 201310061492 A CN201310061492 A CN 201310061492A CN 103141250 A CN103141250 A CN 103141250A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Abstract
The invention discloses an industrial crop growing method used in a rice field, and aims to change the situation that a conventional growing method adopts only agricultural machinery, which arouses the problems of low power utilization efficiency and higher maintenance cost. The industrial crop growing method used in the rice field comprises the following procedures: (1) land ruralization; (2) driving choice; (3) ridging or rotary tillage; (4) rice transplanting or direct seeding; (5) spraying; (6) field management; and (7) harvesting. The industrial crop growing method effectively improves the utilization efficiency of machinery, greatly reduces manpower investment, lowers the farmer's consumption and improves the production efficiency through achieving multiple functions by only one machine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the culture technique field, be specially a kind of rice field batch production crop genetics method.
Background technology
In rice field crop genetics mechanization production process, adopt series of agricultural machinery to complete, comprise rotovator, rice transplanter, sower, mechanical spray medicine equipment, grain header etc., illustrate that the function that existing agricultural machinery possesses is comparatively single, can only carry out a certain operation of crop genetics process, only have harvesting function, rice transplanter to only have rice transplanting function etc. as grain header, thereby cause the idle and waste of equipment.Although some large-scale associating Cultivating seed-harrows occur, the scope of application is confined to the nonirrigated farmland in the north, and is not too applicable for the rice field that south is soft, and big machinery easily sink and makes its operational difficulty.After agricultural machinery was completed a certain operation, follow-up laid and safeguards comparatively difficulty, and power repeats to purchase, and caused the waste of resource.In addition, existing small-sized helicopter is used for paddy rice, corn seed producing pollination operation at present, and is effective, but it is high to purchase the aircraft cost.Also have, under the paddy ladder type cultivation background, carry out zoology breeding, the fish in rice field, crab manually shift difficulty at growing period, but must carry out the field machinery operation, easily cause fish and crab injures and deaths.
Summary of the invention
Adopt the solely present situation of bucket of agricultural machinery singles in order to overcome existing cultivation method, the deficiency that power utilization efficient is not high, the maintenance cost is higher, the present invention aims to provide a kind of rice field batch production crop genetics method, this cultivation method passes through a tractor serves several purposes, can significantly reduce labour's input, reduce the agriculture consumption and enhance productivity.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of rice field batch production crop genetics method is characterized in, comprises following operation:
1) soil garden farming operation: square is carried out in the rice field after smooth, and each square surrounding is provided with the ridge of sclerosis or compacting;
2) driving is selected: select hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving with hanging apparatus; The driving of described hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type comprises running gear, is contained in crossbeam on running gear by bracing or strutting arrangement, and the power set that drive the running gear walking are housed on described bracing or strutting arrangement; Hanging apparatus for the lifting farm implements is housed on described crossbeam, and this hanging apparatus can move back and forth along the length direction of crossbeam;
3) ridging or rotary tillage operation: for the rice field that needs ridging, first basal dressing, then on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, ridging equipment is installed, the running gear of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving is travelled on the ridge of both sides, square rice field; During ridging, hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving stop walking, the lifting ridging equipment moves back and forth along crossbeam, play the first ridge, when the first ridge ridging complete, the driving of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type moves ahead and stops walking after 0.6m ~ 0.7m, and ridging equipment moves back and forth the ridging that carries out next ridge along crossbeam, until the rice field ridging is complete; After ridging, the distance between adjacent two ridges is 0.6m ~ 0.7m, and the ridge height is 0.30m ~ 0.35m;
For the rice field that needs rotary tillage, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, rotary tillage machine is installed rotary tillage is carried out in the rice field;
4) rice transplanting or live operation: according to the rice transplanting of Different Crop choose reasonable or live operation; For the field of cultivation double cropping rice, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, transplanting equipment is installed and is carried out rice transplanting; For the field of cultivation semilate rice, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, transplanting equipment to be installed and to be carried out rice transplanting, install live facility Cultivated rapeseed winter on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving;
5) pesticide spraying operation: on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, the spraying machine tool is installed and is carried out pesticide spraying;
6) field management operation: according to local crop production flow process, carry out the management of field moisture and disease pest and weed;
7) results operation: for paddy or the rape of maturation, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, grain header is installed and is gathered in.
Be below the technical scheme of further improvement of the present invention:
In operation 1) in, the level height of the crossbeam of described hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving is 2.5 ~ 3.0m, and the ceiling height of described hanging apparatus is 2.0 ~ 2.5m, and crossbeam length is 10.0 ~ 30.0m, and the lifting freight weight limit is 3t.
In operation 1) in, some fritters that the rice field is divided into, every wide 10.0m ~ 30.0m, and the height fall between each rice field should be less than 0.5m, and rice field ridge width is 0.4 ~ 0.6m, is arranged to circular arc type for four jiaos in the rice field, and arc radius is 0.2m ~ 0.3m.
In operation 6) in, in the field management operation, when the rice field water shortage often can not flood irrigation, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, the watering facility are installed crop is sprinkled water.
In operation 4) in, described transplanting equipment comprises 4 ~ 12 seedling pawls, and the rice transplanting line number is 8 ~ 10 row, and line-spacing is 0.25 ~ 0.30m, and spacing in the rows is 0.10 ~ 0.23m; 5 ~ 15 grain tubes of described live facility.Further, described transplanting equipment adopts the rotary forced rice transplanting.
In operation 5) in, described spraying machine tool comprises water tank and porous spray medicine bar, wherein the water tank volume is 50 ~ 100dm
3, porous spray medicine bar is comprised of 10 ~ 60 spray medicine poles, and spray medicine strut lengths is 0.5 ~ 1.0m.
At least one support telescopic bar is housed between described crossbeam and ground.Thus, running gear is walked on ridge, and when needing to turn in the driving process, the lower end kiss the earth of support telescopic bar can be with whole from the lifting of walking to drive a vehicle, and completes and turn to.
Further, in order to facilitate farm implements to move left and right operation, increase the scope of operation of farm implements, described hanging apparatus comprises the packaged type vehicle frame that is contained on crossbeam, be contained in the hydraulically extensible bar on the packaged type vehicle frame, the suspension member that hangs farm implements is equipped with in the bottom of this hydraulically extensible bar.Further, described crossbeam has is convenient to the guide rail that the relative crossbeam of packaged type vehicle frame moves left and right, and can guarantee that hanging apparatus can move back and forth along the length direction of crossbeam.
Ridging equipment of the present invention, transplanting equipment, live facility, rotary tillage machine, spraying machine tool, grain header, watering facility all can adopt existing conventional structure.
Below the invention will be further described:
A kind of rice field batch production crop genetics method comprises following enforcement operation:
1) soil garden farming operation: the rice field is carried out smooth, and the rice field is divided into some square, square specification is that 10.0 ~ 30.0m is wide, and length is not limit, and between rice field and rice field, height fall should be less than 0.5m.Rice field foursquare arc type is processed, and arc radius is 0.2 ~ 0.3m, ridge sclerosis or compacting, and width is 0.4 ~ 0.6m.
2) driving is selected: select homemade hydraulic hoisting formula crawler belt (or wheeled) certainly to walk driving, ride height is 2.5 ~ 3.0m, adopts the HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM sling height, and ceiling height is 2.0 ~ 2.5m, and crossbeam length is 10.0 ~ 30.0m, and hoisting weight is 3t.
3) ridging or rotary tillage operation: according to the rice field width after garden farming, selection driving crossbeam is that the hydraulic pressure landing formula crawler belt (or wheeled) of 10 ~ 30m is walked driving certainly, the driving walking is on the long limit in rice field (ridge), and driving is hung oneself and loaded the ridge facility, the operation ridging.Drive a vehicle during the ridging operation static, ridging machinery is moved ahead by the iron tyre that motor driven is suspended on the driving crossbeam.The first basal dressing in the front rice field of ridging, rear ridging, the distance between adjacent two ridges is 0.6m ~ 0.7m, the ridge height is 0.30m ~ 0.35m.Also ridging not, install the rotary tillage machine rotary tillage in driving, carries out the common rice cultivation.
4) rice transplanting or live operation: according to characteristic and the time of producing choose reasonable rice transplanting in season or live operation of crop.General double cropping rice produces adopts transplanting equipment, and semilate rice production can be selected rice transplanting or live facility, and rape is selected live facility.
Transplanting equipment is made of 4 ~ 12 seedling-transplanting devices, and seedling-transplanting device adopts the rotary forced rice transplanting, and the rice transplanting line number is 8 ~ 10 row, and line-spacing is 0.25 ~ 0.30m, and spacing in the rows is 0.10 ~ 0.23m.Rice transplanting power is provided by driving.
Live operation is assembled by 5 ~ 15 dispensers, and dispenser comprises that seeds discharging box and seed box form, and each dispenser length is 2m, sprays the medicine operation according to the suitable length of field width assembling.Live operation power is provided by driving.
5) pesticide spraying operation: the facility of pesticide spraying operation comprise water tank and porous spray medicine bar.The water tank volume is 50 ~ 100dm
3, porous spray medicine bar is comprised of 10 ~ 60 little spray medicine bars, and little spray medicine pole length is 0.5 ~ 1.0m, sprays the medicine operation according to the suitable length of field width assembling.Spray medicine power is provided by driving.
6) field management operation: according to local high crop yield High-efficient Production flow process, strengthen the management of field moisture and disease pest and weed, often can not flood irrigation as the rice field water shortage, can rely on driving to take water and watering and execute.
7) results operation.
Know-why of the present invention: crop production is divided into some operations, be whole ground, live or transplanting, the extermination of disease and insect pest and results, previous operation is that next operation is created executive condition, whether the normalizing operation of operation will affect the operation of next operation, affect crop production and can successfully carry out.Pipeline system standardized production in factory is incorporated in crop production, has effectively improved mechanical utilization ratio, significantly reduced labour's input, reduced the agriculture consumption and improved production efficiency.
The present invention is divided into several operations with whole crop genetics method, adopt hydraulic hoisting formula crawler belt (or wheeled) certainly to walk driving and be female car, according to the needs in the crop production process, load different facility, need to add power except ridging and rotary tillage, rice transplanting, sowing and spray medicine do not need to add extra power again.The position of driving walking simultaneously is ridge, and hardness is high, can bear large-scale mechanical work and not sagging, and the hydraulic hanging device can effectively improve the stability of facility, thereby reduces the degree of dependence to the landform planarization, has improved the walking safety coefficient.Caterpillar driving walking mode can effectively overcome the narrow and not high shortcoming of hardness of ridge, four jiaos, rice field is designed to circular arc type, can make driving realize smoothly the no-radius turning at the angle, field, finally realize the entire mechanization cultivation of crop production process, and effectively improve the utilization ratio of equipment and lower the maintenance difficulty.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) reduce the labour and drop into, reduced labor cost and improved production efficiency;
2) the Mechanical Driven wheel not in the field walking, is realized the full-time operation of crop production whole day in the ridge motion, reduces and loses because planting the agriculture consume that causes of changing crops in quickly;
3) Mechanical Driven wheel in the field walking, can not ignored the situations such as field moisture, crop, and has realized low agriculture consumption operation (as the field lack of water can not rice transplanting the time, can rely on driving to provide bucket for oneself and realizing that drought inserts and water);
4) whole crop production process is divided into some operations, has realized batch production production;
5) according to different farm work contents different facility of assembling in driving, realize that driving one car is multiplex, significantly improved mechanical utilization ratio, and be convenient to the maintenance of equipment.
The present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of hydraulic hoisting crawler type of the present invention or self-propelled wheel-type driving.
In the drawings:
The 1-running gear; The 2-support column; The 3-crossbeam; 4-support telescopic bar; 5-hydraulically extensible bar;
The 6-suspension member; The 7-bracing or strutting arrangement; The 8-hydraulic system; The 9-power set.
Embodiment
In December, 2011-April next year, the rice field is carried out smooth, and the rice field is divided into some square, square specification is that 26m is wide, and 76m is long, and between rice field and rice field, height fall is 0.2m.Rice field foursquare arc type is processed, and arc radius is 0.3m, the ridge compacting, and width is 0.4m.
On May 10th, 2012 raising rice seedlings, kind is excellent No. 1 of Y two.
On May 20th, 2012, select homemade hydraulic hoisting formula crawler belt from walking driving, the lifting ridging equipment carries out the ridging operation.Described hydraulic hoisting formula crawler belt is from walking driving, as shown in Figure 1, comprise crossbeam 3, be arranged on the bracing or strutting arrangement 7 at crossbeam 3 two ends and be arranged on the running gear 1 of bracing or strutting arrangement 7 lower ends, be arranged on dynamical system 9 and the hydraulic system 8 of crossbeam 3 tops, be arranged on the hanging apparatus on crossbeam 3.Be provided with two guide rails on described crossbeam 3; Described bracing or strutting arrangement 7 comprises left and right support column and floating bearing; Described running gear 1 adopts crawler-type traveling.Described hanging apparatus comprises packaged type vehicle frame, hydraulically extensible bar 5 and plays suspender member 6; The sling height of this hanging apparatus is by HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM, and sling height is up to 3m.Two groups of support telescopic bars 4 are housed between described crossbeam 3 and ground, are used for driving when needs turn to, the lifting of driving a vehicle makes approximately 0.05 ~ 0.1m of running gear built on stilts, is convenient to the running gear break-in.
Described hydraulic hoisting formula crawler belt is 3.0m from the ride height of walking driving, adopts the HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM sling height, and ceiling height is 2.5m, and crossbeam length is 26m, and hoisting weight is 3t.The driving walking is on the long limit in rice field (ridge), and driving is hung oneself and loaded the ridge facility, the operation ridging.The first basal dressing in the front rice field of ridging, rear ridging, the distance between adjacent two ridges is 0.6m ~ 0.7m, the ridge height is 0.30m ~ 0.35m.Drive a vehicle during the ridging operation static, ridging machinery is moved ahead by the iron tyre that motor driven is suspended on the driving crossbeam.
On May 23rd, 2012, the lifting transplanting equipment carries out rice seedling transplants, and transplanting equipment is made of 10 seedling-transplanting devices, and seedling-transplanting device adopts the rotary forced rice transplanting, and the rice transplanting line number is 10 row, and line-spacing is 0.25m, and spacing in the rows is 0.15m.Rice transplanting power is provided by driving.
In the rice growth process, a situation arises adopts driving lifting spraying machine tool to carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest for damage by disease and insect.Facility comprise water tank and porous spray medicine bar.The water tank volume is 50dm3, and porous spray medicine bar is comprised of 26 little spray medicine bars, and little spray medicine pole length is 1.0m.Spray medicine power is provided by driving.
Simultaneously, according to local high crop yield High-efficient Production flow process, append fertilizer, the best period of appending fertilizer is after rice transplanting after 7 ~ 10 days and rice transplanting 35 ~ 45 days in good time.Strengthen the field water management, often can not flood irrigation as the rice field water shortage.
On September 26th, 2012, adopt driving lifting grain header tool to carry out mechanical harvesting.
The content that above-described embodiment is illustrated should be understood to these embodiment and only is used for being illustrated more clearly in the present invention, limit the scope of the invention and be not used in, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims limited range to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a rice field batch production crop genetics method, is characterized in that, comprises following operation:
1) soil garden farming operation: square is carried out in the rice field after smooth, and each square surrounding is provided with the ridge of sclerosis or compacting;
2) driving is selected: select hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving with hanging apparatus; The driving of described hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type comprises running gear (1), is contained in crossbeam (3) on running gear (1) by bracing or strutting arrangement (7), and the power set (9) that drive running gear (1) walking are housed on described bracing or strutting arrangement (7); Hanging apparatus for the lifting farm implements is housed on described crossbeam (3), and this hanging apparatus can move back and forth along the length direction of crossbeam (3);
3) ridging or rotary tillage operation: for the rice field that needs ridging, first basal dressing, then on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, ridging equipment is installed, the running gear of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving is travelled on the ridge of both sides, square rice field; During ridging, hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving stop walking, the lifting ridging equipment moves back and forth along crossbeam (3), play the first ridge, when the first ridge ridging complete, the driving of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type moves ahead and stops walking after 0.6m ~ 0.7m, and ridging equipment moves back and forth along crossbeam (3) ridging that carries out next ridge, until the rice field ridging is complete; After ridging, the distance between adjacent two ridges is 0.6m ~ 0.7m, and the ridge height is 0.30m ~ 0.35m;
For the rice field that needs rotary tillage, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, rotary tillage machine is installed rotary tillage is carried out in the rice field;
4) rice transplanting or live operation: according to the rice transplanting of Different Crop choose reasonable or live operation; For the field of cultivation double cropping rice, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, transplanting equipment is installed and is carried out rice transplanting; For the field of cultivation semilate rice, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, transplanting equipment to be installed and to be carried out rice transplanting, install live facility Cultivated rapeseed winter on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving;
5) pesticide spraying operation: on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, the spraying machine tool is installed and is carried out pesticide spraying;
6) field management operation: according to local crop production flow process, carry out the management of field moisture and disease pest and weed;
7) results operation: for paddy or the rape of maturation, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, grain header is installed and is gathered in.
2. batch production crop genetics method in rice field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in operation 1) in, the level height of the crossbeam (3) of described hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving is 2.5 ~ 3.0m, the ceiling height of described hanging apparatus is 2.0 ~ 2.5m, crossbeam (3) length is 10.0 ~ 30.0m, and the lifting freight weight limit is 3t.
3. batch production crop genetics method in rice field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in operation 1) in, some fritters that the rice field is divided into, every wide 10.0m ~ 30.0m, and the height fall between each rice field should be less than 0.5m, and rice field ridge width is 0.4 ~ 0.6m, be arranged to circular arc type for four jiaos in the rice field, arc radius is 0.2m ~ 0.3m.
4. batch production crop genetics method in rice field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in operation 6) in, in the field management operation, when the rice field water shortage often can not flood irrigation, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, the watering facility are installed crop is sprinkled water.
5. batch production crop genetics method in rice field according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in operation 4) in, described transplanting equipment comprises 4 ~ 12 seedling pawls, and the rice transplanting line number is 8 ~ 10 row, and line-spacing is 0.25 ~ 0.30m, and spacing in the rows is 0.10 ~ 0.23m; 5 ~ 15 grain tubes of described live facility.
6. batch production crop genetics method in rice field according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in operation 5) in, described spraying machine tool comprises water tank and porous spray medicine bar, wherein the water tank volume is 50 ~ 100dm
3, porous spray medicine bar is comprised of 10 ~ 60 spray medicine poles, and spray medicine strut lengths is 0.5 ~ 1.0m.
7. one of according to claim 1 ~ 6 described rice field batch production crop genetics methods, is characterized in that, at least one support telescopic bar (4) is housed between described crossbeam (3) and ground.
8. one of according to claim 1 ~ 6 described rice field batch production crop genetics methods, it is characterized in that, described hanging apparatus comprises the packaged type vehicle frame that is contained on crossbeam (3), be contained in the hydraulically extensible bar (5) on the packaged type vehicle frame, the suspension member (6) that hangs farm implements is equipped with in the bottom of this hydraulically extensible bar (5).
9. batch production crop genetics method in rice field according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described crossbeam (3) has is convenient to the guide rail that the relative crossbeam of packaged type vehicle frame (3) moves left and right.
10. batch production crop genetics method in rice field according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described transplanting equipment adopts the rotary forced rice transplanting.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106234107A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-21 | 江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所 | A kind of standard tea place building method of applicable mechanization management |
| CN109997762A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-07-12 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院水稻研究所 | Rice Ecology breeding unit |
| CN112042624A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-08 | 彭振丽 | Greenhouse suspension type conveying sprinkling irrigation device for agriculture |
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| CN102550158A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2012-07-11 | 北京市农林科学院 | Mulching drainage method for orchard |
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| CN2233158Y (en) * | 1995-09-05 | 1996-08-21 | 胡宁宁 | Seedling separator of rice transplanter |
| MX2007007248A (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2008-02-25 | Withcott Seedlings Qld Pty Ltd | Harvesting method and apparatus for leafy vegetables or legumes. |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112042624A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-08 | 彭振丽 | Greenhouse suspension type conveying sprinkling irrigation device for agriculture |
| CN112042624B (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-02-22 | 彭振丽 | Greenhouse suspension type conveying sprinkling irrigation device for agriculture |
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| CN103141250B (en) | 2014-04-16 |
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