CN204697635U - The structural model that a kind of almond and crop intercropping are planted - Google Patents
The structural model that a kind of almond and crop intercropping are planted Download PDFInfo
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- CN204697635U CN204697635U CN201520360962.8U CN201520360962U CN204697635U CN 204697635 U CN204697635 U CN 204697635U CN 201520360962 U CN201520360962 U CN 201520360962U CN 204697635 U CN204697635 U CN 204697635U
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Abstract
The structural model that the utility model provides a kind of almond and crop intercropping to plant, comprises field planting structure, irrigates structure and tree structure.Line-spacing in the field planting structure of almond nursery stock is 7 meters, and spacing in the rows is 3 meters, and mu strain number is 31 strains; Shape tree-like for almond through pruning structure, almond tree-shaped is high level cadre's layering shape tree-shaped, almond heading height is 1.1 meters, tree crown and ground floor major branch spreading angle are 60 °, the center of almond is dry divides 3 layers up and down, and interlamellar spacing controls at 0.6 meter, and every layer is stayed 3-4 major branch, major branch layering raw, and major branch quantity remains on 10-15; Almond irrigation system comprises the two covers almond drip irrigation that walks abreast and is in charge of and almond house steward, the do mechanization operation of crops is convenient to when not affecting almond growth, improve the efficiency of agricultural production and the availability of land resources, realize saving water and energy and the high yield of almond, there is practicality widely.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting structure model, relates generally to the technical field of the efficient configuration model that a kind of almond and crop intercropping are planted.
Background technology
Almond is world-renowned dry fruit and woody oleiferous plants crop, is distributed widely in all over the world, has important nutrition and economic worth.Xinjiang is one of centre of origin of world's almond, the main producing region that Ye Shi China almond is unique, and cultivation history is long.Almond benevolence is fatty, emulsin, semen armeniacae amarae plain, join the nutriments such as carbohydrate, can be used as the raw material in candy, cake, pharmacy and cosmetics industry.Current Xinjiang almond fruit-setting rate and yielding poorly down, for strain output, U.S.'s almond average yield reaches 10 kilograms/strain, and Xinjiang, China's almond main producing region is only 2-3 kilogram/strain, is the 1/5-1/3 of the U.S. and Iran.In addition, Xinjiang is scarcely populated and oasis area is little, and per capita area of cultivated farmland is few, and fruit tree-crop interplanting is the major way of increasing farmers' income.For ensureing the strategic security of grain, Xinjiang almond mainly adopts the pattern of the combination of forestal and agricultural crops to carry out cultivating, with build compared with the formula planting type of garden abroad, intercropping Shi Jian garden makes the planting type of fruit tree there occurs change because of in the ranks intercropping crops, therefore how to develop almond under the almond combination of forestal and agricultural crops cultivation mode of this uniqueness in Xinjiang and the efficient culture technique of crops puts the top priority in face of us, be also the active demand of numerous orchard workers simultaneously.
Mainly there is the stable high yield that following distinct issues have impact on almond in the almond cultivation of current Xinjiang: field planting structure is chaotic, and the spacing in the rows that field planting adopts and line-spacing do not have the foundation of science, cause the reduction operating production efficiency farming season; Intercropping is particularly thorny, between interrow crop and almond between water, fertilizer, tree structure because the contradiction of operation in farming season interacts, cannot large-scale promotion replication application.Need the design and researchp of the efficient configuration model that almond under Intercropping and crop intercropping are planted badly.
Summary of the invention
Chaotic for the almond field of planting almond field planting structure existed in prior art, intercropping is particularly thorny, pattern of farming cannot the problem such as large-scale promotion, the efficient configuration model that the utility model provides a kind of almond and crop intercropping to plant, by reasonably arranging spacing in the rows and the line-spacing of field planting structure determination almond, almond is carried out to the pruning structure sizing of science, finally by the requirement arranging two cover irrigation systems and realize almond and a kind crop water, the textural association of multiple science plants almond, land resources is also made to obtain rational exploitation and utilization when not affecting interrow crop growth, the high-yield cultivating realizing almond is had great importance, two cover irrigation systems had both met the utilization of Different Crop to water, also a saving water resource, also embody this almond pattern of farming model also can large-scale promotion replication application simultaneously.
The main technical schemes that the utility model adopts:
A kind of intercropping plant structural model of almond Sustainable high yield stable yields comprises field planting structure, irrigates structure and tree structure three kinds of structures.Dig cave by trench digging, by the field planting in ditch of almond nursery stock, ditch both sides ridging, determines the field planting structure of the almond nursery stock of science; By tree-like for almond through the sizing of pruning structure, determine the tree structure of science; Almond and interrow crop are irrigated structure and is divided into almond irrigation system and intercropping crop irrigation systems, determine that it irrigates structure.
In the utility model, the field planting structure of almond nursery stock: the line-spacing of almond is 7 meters, and spacing in the rows is 3 meters, and mu strain number is 31 strains.
In the utility model, the tree structure of pruning structure sizing: almond tree-shaped is high level cadre's layering shape tree-shaped, the heading height of almond is 1.1 meters, and tree crown and ground floor major branch spreading angle are 60 °, and the center of almond is dry divides 3 layers up and down, interlamellar spacing controls at 0.6 meter, every layer is stayed 3-4 major branch, and major branch layering raw, and major branch quantity remains on 10-15, be staggered to surrounding spiral, up-small and down-big.
In the utility model, it is as follows that almond and interrow crop irrigate structure: dig cave by ditching, by the field planting in ditch of almond nursery stock, ditch both sides ridging, plantation ditch cross section is trapezoidal, up big and down small, wherein, line-spacing is 7 meters, and field planting bandwidth is 1.5 meters, and ridge is high 0.2 meter, row spacing 0.25 meter, hem width 1 meter on plantation ditch, lower hem width 0.8 meter, the degree of depth is 0.5 meter.
Almond and interrow crop irrigation system are overlapped irrigation system by two and are formed, first set is almond irrigation system, almond irrigation system comprises almond drip irrigation and is in charge of and almond house steward, and the second cover is interrow crop irrigation system, and interrow crop irrigation system comprises interrow crop drip irrigation and is in charge of and interrow crop house steward.Wherein, by house steward's point two-way after valve, a road is almond house steward, and almond house steward is connected to each almond drip irrigation and is in charge of, and almond drip irrigation is in charge of and is positioned at above almond ditch, carries out drip irrigation to almond; Another road is interrow crop house steward, be connected to each interrow crop drip irrigation to be in charge of, interrow crop drip irrigation is in charge of and is positioned on interrow crop planting site, carries out drip irrigation to interrow crop, can according to the difference of interrow crop plantation on interrow crop planting site, the interrow crop drip irrigation arranging varying number is in charge of.Two cover irrigation systems are watered respectively because the key of almond and interrow crop needs the water phase different, farthest reduce influencing each other between almond and interrow crop.
In the utility model, the term that the industry related to is common:
High level cadre's layering shape tree-shaped: the one in common tree structure.
Fixed dry: after transplanted seedling tree, plant to be pruned, to determine major branch that is upright, that do not have side shoot.
Center is done: from more than collar to the part of raw first branch, be referred to as trunk, Ye Jiao center is done.
Center leader's branch: center leader's branch is exactly the prolongation of trunk is the key branch of tree crown center upwards vertical growth.
Major branch: therefrom understand tacitly and lead point born bough on branch, use as tree crown main skeleton.
Ground floor major branch: take ground as basic point, from bottom to top major branch is carried out layered method, the major branch of ground floor is ground floor major branch.
Side shoot: from major branch point born branch, growth potential is only more weak than major branch.
In fact above industry slang knows concept for those of ordinary skill in the art, also by the common reference book in this area and textbook inquiry.
The beneficial effect that the utility model reaches:
The utility model is by reasonably arranging spacing in the rows and the line-spacing of field planting structure determination almond, almond is carried out to the pruning of science, two cover irrigation systems are set, other crops of almond tree interplant winter rape or wheat etc., land resources is also made to obtain rational exploitation and utilization when not affecting interrow crop growth, promote almond flower bud differentiation, reach the object forming Second Year output, the stable high yield realizing almond is had great importance, not only make almond stable high yield, do not affect the growth of interrow crop, land resources is also made to obtain rational exploitation and utilization, add the income of peasant, again because of the irrigation system that interrow crop is different with almond, both met the utilization of Different Crop to water, and also a saving water resource, also embody this almond pattern of farming model also can large-scale promotion replication application simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the utility model overall structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is almond newly-built garden field planting structure and irrigation structural representation in the utility model.
Fig. 3 is the tree structure schematic diagram of pruning structure sizing in the utility model.
In fig. 1-3: 1-almond, 2-interrow crop, 3-almond ditch, 4-interrow crop planting site, 5-almond drip irrigation is in charge of, and 6-interrow crop drip irrigation is in charge of, 7-almond house steward, 8-interrow crop house steward, 9-valve, house steward 10-; A-mechanical work height, B-heading height, C-field planting bandwidth, D-tree crown, E-ground floor major branch, F-spreading angle; G-line-spacing, the following width of H-field planting ditch, K-row spacing degree, L-field planting ditch top width, the M-furrow degree of depth, P-row spacing ground level.
Embodiment
Below, 1-3 and embodiment by reference to the accompanying drawings, the utility model is described in further detail, but the utility model is not limited to following embodiment.
embodiment one:
A kind of intercropping plant structural model of almond Sustainable high yield stable yields comprises three kinds of structures: field planting structure, irrigation structure and tree structure.Dig cave by trench digging, by the field planting in ditch of almond 1 nursery stock, ditch both sides ridging, determines the field planting structure of the almond nursery stock of science; By tree-like for almond 1 through the sizing of pruning structure, determine the tree structure of science; Almond 1 and interrow crop 2 are irrigated structure and is divided into almond irrigation system and intercropping crop irrigation systems, determine that it irrigates structure.
In the utility model, the field planting structure of almond nursery stock: the line-spacing of almond is 7 meters, and spacing in the rows is 3 meters, and mu strain number is 31 strains.
In the utility model, the tree structure of pruning structure sizing is as described below: almond 1 and interrow crop 2 mechanical work height A are 1.5 meters, and the heading height B according to the maximum spreading angle of ground floor major branch, the width of field planting band and the almond in the ranks functional relation determination almond of height three parameters of intercropping crops mechanical work is 1.1 meters
,field planting bandwidth C is 1.5 meters, almond mainly adopts the high level cadre's layering shape tree-shaped being not only conducive to getting bumper crops but also being beneficial to fruit tree-crop interplanting, almond tree-shaped is high level cadre's layering shape tree-shaped, tree crown D and ground floor major branch E spreading angle F is 60 °, almond has obvious center to do, and divide 3 layers up and down, interlamellar spacing controls at 0.6 meter, every layer is stayed 3-4 major branch, and major branch layering raw.Major branch quantity remains on 10-15, is staggered to surrounding spiral, up-small and down-big.See accompanying drawing 3.
In the utility model, it is as follows that almond 1 and interrow crop 1 irrigate structure: dig cave by ditching, by the field planting in ditch of almond 1 nursery stock, ditch both sides ridging, cross section is trapezoidal, up big and down small, wherein, line-spacing G is 7 meters, the following width H of field planting ditch is 0.8 meter, and row spacing degree K is 0.25 meter, and field planting ditch top width L is 1.0 meters, furrow degree of depth M is 0.5 meter, row spacing ground level P) be 0.2 meter; Almond 1 and interrow crop 2 irrigation system are overlapped irrigation system by two and are formed, first set is almond irrigation system, almond irrigation system comprises almond drip irrigation and is in charge of 5 and almond house steward 7, second cover is interrow crop irrigation system, interrow crop irrigation system comprises interrow crop drip irrigation and is in charge of 6 and interrow crop house steward 8, see accompanying drawing 1,2.
In the utility model, in two cover irrigation systems, by house steward 10 point two-way after valve 9, one tunnel is almond house steward 7, almond house steward 7 is connected to each almond drip irrigation and is in charge of 5, and almond drip irrigation is in charge of 5 and is positioned at above almond ditch 3, carries out drip irrigation to almond; Another road is interrow crop house steward 8, be connected to each interrow crop drip irrigation and be in charge of 6, interrow crop drip irrigation is in charge of 6 and is positioned on interrow crop planting site 4, carries out drip irrigation to interrow crop, can according to the difference of interrow crop plantation on interrow crop planting site 4, the interrow crop drip irrigation arranging varying number is in charge of 6.Two cover irrigation systems are watered respectively because the key of almond and interrow crop needs the water phase different, farthest reduce influencing each other, see accompanying drawing 1 between almond and interrow crop.
embodiment two:
In the utility model, almond 1 field planting structure is as follows: wide 5.4 meters according to wheat cultivation machine sowing, the field planting bandwidth L of almond 1 is 1.5 meters; Cotton three width film is wide 5.6 meters, and field planting bandwidth L is 1.5 meters, and the mechanical planting feature of the crops such as comprehensive wheat and cotton, determines that the line-spacing G of almond 1 is 7 meters.Adopt rational close planting, encrypt between strain, both ensured a mu strain number, be convenient to pruning again, make not re-posted impact mutually between almond 1 strain, determine that spacing in the rows is 3 meters.So plant seeding row spacing is 3 meters × 7 meters in almond and crop intercropping system, mu strain number is 31 strains.
The efficient pattern of farming model of almond and crops under the Intercropping adopting above-described embodiment to provide, the output of almond can be improved, the do mechanization operation of crops can be convenient to again when not affecting almond growth, improve the efficiency of agricultural production, but also make land resources obtain rational exploitation and utilization, add the income of peasant; Two cover irrigation systems, both met the utilization of Different Crop to water, and also a saving water resource, this almond pattern of farming also can large-scale promotion application simultaneously.
Above-described embodiment is only for the utility model example is clearly described, and the restriction not to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here exhaustive without the need to also giving all embodiments.And apparent change extended thus or variation are still among protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (5)
1. an almond and crop intercropping structural model of planting, comprises field planting structure, irrigates structure and tree structure three kinds of structures, it is characterized in that, cave is dug by trench digging, by the field planting in ditch of almond nursery stock, ditch both sides ridging, determines the field planting structure of the almond nursery stock of science; By tree-like for almond through the sizing of pruning structure, determine the tree structure of science; Almond and interrow crop are irrigated structure and is divided into almond irrigation system and intercropping crop irrigation systems, determine that it irrigates structure.
2. almond as claimed in claim 1 and the crop intercropping structural model of planting, it is characterized in that, in the field planting structure of described almond nursery stock, the line-spacing of almond is 7 meters, and spacing in the rows is 3 meters, and mu strain number is 31 strains.
3. almond as claimed in claim 1 and the crop intercropping structural model of planting, it is characterized in that, in the tree structure of described pruning structure sizing, almond tree-shaped is high level cadre's layering shape tree-shaped, the heading height of almond is 1.1 meters, tree crown and ground floor major branch spreading angle are 60 °, the center of almond is dry divides 3 layers up and down, interlamellar spacing controls at 0.6 meter, every layer is stayed 3-4 major branch, and major branch layering raw, and major branch quantity remains on 10-15, be staggered to surrounding spiral, up-small and down-big.
4. almond as claimed in claim 1 and the crop intercropping structural model of planting, it is characterized in that, described almond and interrow crop are irrigated in structure, cave is dug by trench digging, by the field planting in ditch of almond nursery stock, ditch both sides ridging, plantation ditch cross section is trapezoidal, up big and down small, wherein, line-spacing is 7 meters, and field planting bandwidth is 1.5 meters, and ridge is high 0.2 meter, row spacing 0.25 meter, hem width 1 meter on plantation ditch, lower hem width 0.8 meter, the degree of depth is 0.5 meter; Almond and interrow crop irrigation system are overlapped irrigation system by two and are formed, first set is almond irrigation system, almond irrigation system comprises almond drip irrigation and is in charge of and almond house steward, and the second cover is interrow crop irrigation system, and interrow crop irrigation system comprises interrow crop drip irrigation and is in charge of and interrow crop house steward.
5. almond as claimed in claim 4 and the crop intercropping structural model of planting, it is characterized in that, two described cover irrigation systems are by house steward's point two-way after valve, one tunnel is almond house steward, almond house steward is connected to each almond drip irrigation and is in charge of, almond drip irrigation is in charge of and is positioned at above almond ditch, carries out drip irrigation to almond; Another road is interrow crop house steward, be connected to each interrow crop drip irrigation to be in charge of, interrow crop drip irrigation is in charge of and is positioned on interrow crop planting site, carries out drip irrigation to interrow crop, can according to the difference of interrow crop plantation on interrow crop planting site, the interrow crop drip irrigation arranging varying number is in charge of.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110692388A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-01-17 | 六安市兆丰商贸有限责任公司 | Structure model for intercropping white peach trees and crops |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110692388A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-01-17 | 六安市兆丰商贸有限责任公司 | Structure model for intercropping white peach trees and crops |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20151014 Termination date: 20200530 |