CN103081672B - Method for cultivating potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating potatoes. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting a cultivation environment, arranging crops for rotation, selecting a variety, preparing before sowing, performing field management, topdressing, preventing and controlling diseases and pests, and harvesting. The method is simple, low in cost and high in yield; the yield is more than 4000kg per mu; and the method is suitable for large-scale cultivation.

Description

The cultivation method of a kind of potato

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of potato.

Background technology

The plantation history of potato is comparatively long, but the potato yield of planting out by traditional planting technology average every mu 3000 kilograms of left and right, in addition there is the problems such as damage by disease and insect is many, quality is not good with the potato of existing implantation methods plantation, cause potato yield to be difficult to obtain new breakthrough, in addition, because potato seed, chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals drop into larger, not only economic benefit is low, but also make soil deterioration, ecotope is damaged, therefore, explore new potato seed planting technology, become current very important problem.

Summary of the invention

For better large batch of growing and cultivation potato, the object of the present invention is to provide the cultivation method of a kind of potato, cultivation method of the present invention is simple, has cost low, and output advantages of higher is applicable to extensive cultivation.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A cultivation method for potato, is characterized in that comprising following content:

(1) planting environment is selected:

Soil plough horizon is deep, physical features is smooth, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil structure is suitable, fertilizer, 8-10 kilogram slow-release carbamide, 2-3 kilogram potassium chloride, 2-3 kilogram ferrous sulfate, 1-2 kilogram manganese sulphate, 10-15 kilogram calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 50-80 kilogram bamboo charcoal, 300-500 kilogram natural pond slag, 20-30 kilogram Iron-ore Slag, the 2-3 kilogram quicklimes such as every mu of soil application 3000-3500 kilogram of farmers''s cow dung, pig manure, and the soil of upper soll layer 10-15 centimetre is mixed thoroughly; Deep ploughing 23-28 centimetre, ploughs thin leveling, bedding;

(2) crops for rotation arrangement: potato is planted a batch every year, utilizes crop stubble early suddenly in autumn, better with green onion class, carrot, cucumber stubble, avoids and solanaceous vegetable crop rotation, sows in late January or early Febuary;

(3) sowing: select good quality and high output, wide adaptability, disease resistance is strong, commodity is good toxicity-removing white potato kind, purity is not less than 96%, and potato piece regularity is not less than 80%, and imperfection potato piece is not higher than 5%; Potato seed stripping and slicing, sowing immediately after dressing; The weight portion that seed coating medicine forms each raw material is: ammonium molybdate 1-2, tuber of stemona powder 1-2, ash 3-5, weathered coal 1-2, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 1-2, precipitated calcium carbonate powder 1-2, water are appropriate, and each raw material adds water and mixes and stirs into pasty state, wraps in outside potato seed;

(4) field management: the budding period is not non-irrigated does not water, shallow intertillage 1-2 time, keeps loosing soil ventilative, after Seedling Stage waters, intertillage in time, promotes root of hair, tiller, tiller phase cultivation and banking, knot potato later stage soil must not suddenly be done to neglect and wet, and before results, within 7-8 days, should stop watering;

(5) damage by disease and insect pests occurrence rule and control: in by the end of March to early April, spray with 50% thiophanate methyl 90-110 gram/acre; When loosening the soil, intertillage carries out artificial weeding;

(6) gather: treat potato maturation, carry out recovery process, used tool will clean, health, pollution-free.

Described slow-release carbamide is prepared by the following method:

(1), take sodium rice carbon and feldspar in powder, the part by weight of the two is 0.1:1-2;

(2), feldspar in powder is calcined to 4-5 hour at 400-450 ℃, feldspar in powder, sodium rice carbon are mixed, add again and be equivalent in feldspar in powder weight 4-5 water doubly, add the liquefied petrolatum, the paregal O of 1-2%, the wintergreen of 4-5%, the carboxymethyl cellulose of 3-4%, the 3-5% aluminium hydroxide that are equivalent to feldspar in powder weight 2-3%, high speed 1200-1500 rev/min of stirring, obtains dispersion liquid;

(3), dispersion liquid is sprayed at outside urea granules to oven dry;

(4), can be again at the particle pyrethroid mixture of spraying again outward, then dry, also can not spray/

Advantage of the present invention:

The advantages such as cultivation method of the present invention is simple, has cost low, and output is high, convenient management, are applicable to extensive cultivation.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1: the cultivation method of potato, comprises the following steps:

(1) planting environment is selected:

Soil plough horizon is deep, physical features is smooth, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil structure is suitable, fertilizer, 8-10 kilogram slow-release carbamide, 2-3 kilogram potassium chloride, 2-3 kilogram ferrous sulfate, 1-2 kilogram manganese sulphate, 10-15 kilogram calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 50-80 kilogram bamboo charcoal, 300-500 kilogram natural pond slag, 20-30 kilogram Iron-ore Slag, the 2-3 kilogram quicklimes such as every mu of soil application 3000-3500 kilogram of farmers''s cow dung, pig manure, and the soil of upper soll layer 10-15 centimetre is mixed thoroughly; Deep ploughing 23-28 centimetre, ploughs thin leveling, bedding;

(2) crops for rotation arrangement: potato is planted a batch every year, utilizes crop stubble early suddenly in autumn, better with green onion class, carrot, cucumber stubble, avoids and solanaceous vegetable crop rotation, sows in early Febuary;

(3) sowing: select good quality and high output, wide adaptability, disease resistance is strong, commodity is good toxicity-removing white potato kind, purity is not less than 96%, and potato piece regularity is not less than 80%, and imperfection potato piece is not higher than 5%; Potato seed stripping and slicing, sowing immediately after dressing; The weight portion that seed coating medicine forms each raw material is: ammonium molybdate 1, tuber of stemona powder 2, ash 5, weathered coal 1, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 2, precipitated calcium carbonate powder 2, water are appropriate, and each raw material adds water and mixes and stirs into pasty state, wraps in outside potato seed;

(4) field management: the budding period is not non-irrigated does not water, shallow intertillage 1-2 time, keeps loosing soil ventilative, after Seedling Stage waters, intertillage in time, promotes root of hair, tiller, tiller phase cultivation and banking, knot potato later stage soil must not suddenly be done to neglect and wet, and before results, within 7-8 days, should stop watering;

(5) damage by disease and insect pests occurrence rule and control: in by the end of March to early April, spray with 50% thiophanate methyl 90-110 gram/acre; When loosening the soil, intertillage carries out artificial weeding;

(6) gather: treat potato maturation, carry out recovery process, used tool will clean, health, pollution-free.

Described slow-release carbamide can adopt outsourcing, also can prepare by the following method:

(1), take sodium rice carbon and feldspar in powder, the part by weight of the two is 0.1:1;

(2), feldspar in powder is calcined to 4-5 hour at 400-450 ℃, feldspar in powder, sodium rice carbon are mixed, add again in the water that is equivalent to 4 times of feldspar in powder weight, add and be equivalent to the liquefied petrolatum of feldspar in powder weight 2%, 1% paregal O, 4% wintergreen, 4% carboxymethyl cellulose, 5% aluminium hydroxide, high speed 1200-1500 rev/min of stirring, obtains dispersion liquid;

(3), dispersion liquid is sprayed at outside urea granules to oven dry;

(4), can be again at the particle pyrethroid mixture of spraying again outward, then dry, also can not spray.

The present invention's cultivation, potato yield reaches 4000 kgs/acre, improves more than 40% than conventional production output.Damage by disease and insect also greatly reduces.

Claims (2)

1. a cultivation method for potato, is characterized in that comprising following content:

(1) planting environment is selected:

Soil plough horizon is deep, physical features is smooth, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil structure is suitable, fertilizer, 8-10 kilogram slow-release carbamide, 2-3 kilogram potassium chloride, 2-3 kilogram ferrous sulfate, 1-2 kilogram manganese sulphate, 10-15 kilogram calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 50-80 kilogram bamboo charcoal, 300-500 kilogram natural pond slag, 20-30 kilogram Iron-ore Slag, the 2-3 kilogram quicklimes such as every mu of soil application 3000-3500 kilogram of farmers''s cow dung, pig manure, and the soil of upper soll layer 10-15 centimetre is mixed thoroughly; Deep ploughing 23-28 centimetre, ploughs thin leveling, bedding;

(2) crops for rotation arrangement: potato is planted a batch every year, utilizes the stubble of green onion early, carrot, cucumber crop suddenly in autumn, avoids and solanaceous vegetable crop rotation, sows in late January or early Febuary;

(3) sowing: select good quality and high output, wide adaptability, disease resistance is strong, commodity is good toxicity-removing white potato kind, purity is not less than 96%, and potato piece regularity is not less than 80%, and imperfection potato piece is not higher than 5%; Potato seed stripping and slicing, sowing immediately after dressing; The weight portion that seed coating medicine forms each raw material is: ammonium molybdate 1-2, tuber of stemona powder 1-2, ash 3-5, weathered coal 1-2, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 1-2, precipitated calcium carbonate powder 1-2, water are appropriate, and each raw material adds water and mixes and stirs into pasty state, wraps in outside potato seed;

(5) field management: the budding period is not non-irrigated does not water, shallow intertillage 1-2 time, keeps loosing soil ventilative, after Seedling Stage waters, intertillage in time, promotes root of hair, tiller, tiller phase cultivation and banking, knot potato later stage soil must not suddenly be done to neglect and wet, and before results, within 7-8 days, should stop watering;

(6) damage by disease and insect pests occurrence rule and control: in by the end of March to early April, spray with 50% thiophanate methyl 90-110 gram/acre; When loosening the soil, intertillage carries out artificial weeding;

(7) gather: treat potato maturation, carry out recovery process, used tool will clean, health, pollution-free.

2. cultivation method according to claim 1, the slow-release carbamide described in it is characterized in that is prepared by the following method:

(1), take sodium rice carbon and feldspar in powder, the part by weight of the two is 0.1:1-2;

(2), feldspar in powder is calcined to 4-5 hour at 400-450 ℃, feldspar in powder, sodium rice carbon are mixed, add again and be equivalent in feldspar in powder weight 4-5 water doubly, add the liquefied petrolatum, the paregal O of 1-2%, the wintergreen of 4-5%, the carboxymethyl cellulose of 3-4%, the 3-5% aluminium hydroxide that are equivalent to feldspar in powder weight 2-3%, high speed 1200-1500 rev/min of stirring, obtains dispersion liquid;

(3), dispersion liquid is sprayed at outside urea granules to oven dry;

(4), can be again at the particle pyrethroid mixture of spraying again outward, then dry, also can not spray.