CN103081672A - Method for cultivating potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating potatoes. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting a cultivation environment, arranging crops for rotation, selecting a variety, preparing before sowing, performing field management, topdressing, preventing and controlling diseases and pests, and harvesting. The method is simple, low in cost and high in yield; the yield is more than 4000kg per mu; and the method is suitable for large-scale cultivation.

Description

The cultivation method of a kind of potato

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of potato.

Background technology

The plantation history of potato is comparatively long, but the potato yield of planting out with traditional planting technology average every mu 3000 kilograms of left and right, there are the problems such as damage by disease and insect is many, quality is not good in potato with existing implantation methods plantation in addition, cause potato yield to be difficult to obtain new breakthrough, in addition, because potato seed, chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals drop into larger, not only economic benefit is low, but also make soil deterioration, ecotope is damaged, therefore, explore new potato seed planting technology, become current very important problem.

Summary of the invention

For better large batch of growing and cultivation potato, the object of the present invention is to provide the cultivation method of a kind of potato, cultivation method of the present invention is simple, has a cost low, and the output advantages of higher is fit to extensive cultivation.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme:

The cultivation method of a kind of potato is characterized in that comprising following content:

(1) planting environment is selected:

Soil plough horizon is deep, physical features is smooth, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil structure is suitable, the fertilizers such as every mu of soil application 3000-3500 kilogram farmers' cow dung, pig manure, 8-10 kilogram slow-release carbamide, 2-3 kilogram potassium chloride, 2-3 kilogram ferrous sulfate, 1-2 kilogram manganese sulphate, 10-15 kilogram calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 50-80 kilogram bamboo charcoal, 300-500 kilogram natural pond slag, 20-30 kilogram Iron-ore Slag, 2-3 kilogram quicklime, and the soil of upper soll layer 10-15 centimetre is mixed thoroughly; Deep plough 23-28 centimetre, plough thin leveling, bedding;

(2) crops for rotation arrangement: one batch of the annual plantation of potato, utilize early crop stubble suddenly in autumn, better with green onion class, carrot, cucumber stubble, avoid and the solanaceous vegetable crop rotation, sow in late January or early Febuary;

(3) sowing: select good quality and high output, wide adaptability, disease resistance is strong, commodity is good toxicity-removing white potato kind, purity is not less than 96%, and potato piece regularity is not less than 80%, and imperfection potato piece is not higher than 5%; The potato seed stripping and slicing, sowing immediately after dressing; The weight portion that seed coating medicine forms each raw material is: ammonium molybdate 1-2, tuber of stemona powder 1-2, ash 3-5, weathered coal 1-2, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 1-2, precipitated calcium carbonate powder 1-2, water are appropriate, and each raw material adds water and mixes and stirs into pasty state, wraps in outside potato seed;

(4) field management: the budding period is not non-irrigated does not water, and shallow intertillage 1-2 time keeps loosing soil ventilative, the Seedling Stage rear timely intertillage of watering promotes root of hair, tiller, the interim cultivated ridging of tiller, knot potato later stage soil must not suddenly be done to neglect and wet, and should stop watering in 7-8 days before results;

(5) damage by disease and insect pests occurrence rule and control: in by the end of March to early April, spray with 50% thiophanate methyl 90-110 g/acre; Artificial weeding is carried out in intertillage when loosening the soil;

(6) gather: treat that potato is ripe, carry out recovery process, used tool will cleaning, health, pollution-free.

Described slow-release carbamide prepares by the following method:

(1), take sodium rice carbon and feldspar in powder, part by weight both is 0.1:1-2;

(2), feldspar in powder was calcined 4-5 hour under 400-450 ℃, feldspar in powder, sodium rice carbon are mixed, add again and be equivalent in feldspar in powder weight 4-5 water doubly, add the liquefied petrolatum, the paregal O of 1-2%, the wintergreen of 4-5%, the carboxymethyl cellulose of 3-4%, the 3-5% aluminium hydroxide that are equivalent to feldspar in powder weight 2-3%, high speed 1200-1500 rev/min of stirring obtains dispersion liquid;

(3), dispersion liquid is sprayed at outside urea granules oven dry;

(4), the pyrethroid mixture of can spraying again outside particle again, then the oven dry, can not spray yet/

Advantage of the present invention:

Cultivation method of the present invention is simple, has a cost low, and output is high, and the advantages such as convenient management are fit to extensive cultivation.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1: the cultivation method of potato comprises the following steps:

(1) planting environment is selected:

Soil plough horizon is deep, physical features is smooth, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil structure is suitable, the fertilizers such as every mu of soil application 3000-3500 kilogram farmers' cow dung, pig manure, 8-10 kilogram slow-release carbamide, 2-3 kilogram potassium chloride, 2-3 kilogram ferrous sulfate, 1-2 kilogram manganese sulphate, 10-15 kilogram calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 50-80 kilogram bamboo charcoal, 300-500 kilogram natural pond slag, 20-30 kilogram Iron-ore Slag, 2-3 kilogram quicklime, and the soil of upper soll layer 10-15 centimetre is mixed thoroughly; Deep plough 23-28 centimetre, plough thin leveling, bedding;

(2) crops for rotation arrangement: one batch of the annual plantation of potato, utilize early crop stubble suddenly in autumn, better with green onion class, carrot, cucumber stubble, avoid and the solanaceous vegetable crop rotation, sow in early Febuary;

(3) sowing: select good quality and high output, wide adaptability, disease resistance is strong, commodity is good toxicity-removing white potato kind, purity is not less than 96%, and potato piece regularity is not less than 80%, and imperfection potato piece is not higher than 5%; The potato seed stripping and slicing, sowing immediately after dressing; The weight portion that seed coating medicine forms each raw material is: ammonium molybdate 1, tuber of stemona powder 2, ash 5, weathered coal 1, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 2, precipitated calcium carbonate powder 2, water are appropriate, and each raw material adds water and mixes and stirs into pasty state, wraps in outside potato seed;

(4) field management: the budding period is not non-irrigated does not water, and shallow intertillage 1-2 time keeps loosing soil ventilative, the Seedling Stage rear timely intertillage of watering promotes root of hair, tiller, the interim cultivated ridging of tiller, knot potato later stage soil must not suddenly be done to neglect and wet, and should stop watering in 7-8 days before results;

(5) damage by disease and insect pests occurrence rule and control: in by the end of March to early April, spray with 50% thiophanate methyl 90-110 g/acre; Artificial weeding is carried out in intertillage when loosening the soil;

(6) gather: treat that potato is ripe, carry out recovery process, used tool will cleaning, health, pollution-free.

Described slow-release carbamide can adopt outsourcing, also can prepare by the following method:

(1), take sodium rice carbon and feldspar in powder, part by weight both is 0.1:1;

(2), feldspar in powder was calcined 4-5 hour under 400-450 ℃, feldspar in powder, sodium rice carbon are mixed, add again in the water that is equivalent to 4 times of feldspar in powder weight, add the liquefied petrolatum that is equivalent to feldspar in powder weight 2%, 1% paregal O, 4% wintergreen, 4% carboxymethyl cellulose, 5% aluminium hydroxide, high speed 1200-1500 rev/min of stirring obtains dispersion liquid;

(3), dispersion liquid is sprayed at outside urea granules oven dry;

(4), the pyrethroid mixture of can spraying again outside particle again, then the oven dry, can not spray yet.

The present invention's cultivation, potato yield reaches 4000 kg/acres, improves more than 40% than conventional production output.Damage by disease and insect also greatly reduces.

Claims (2)

1. the cultivation method of a potato is characterized in that comprising following content:

(1) planting environment is selected:

Soil plough horizon is deep, physical features is smooth, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil structure is suitable, the fertilizers such as every mu of soil application 3000-3500 kilogram farmers' cow dung, pig manure, 8-10 kilogram slow-release carbamide, 2-3 kilogram potassium chloride, 2-3 kilogram ferrous sulfate, 1-2 kilogram manganese sulphate, 10-15 kilogram calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 50-80 kilogram bamboo charcoal, 300-500 kilogram natural pond slag, 20-30 kilogram Iron-ore Slag, 2-3 kilogram quicklime, and the soil of upper soll layer 10-15 centimetre is mixed thoroughly; Deep plough 23-28 centimetre, plough thin leveling, bedding;

(2) crops for rotation arrangement: one batch of the annual plantation of potato, utilize early crop stubble suddenly in autumn, better with green onion class, carrot, cucumber stubble, avoid and the solanaceous vegetable crop rotation, sow in late January or early Febuary;

(3) sowing: select good quality and high output, wide adaptability, disease resistance is strong, commodity is good toxicity-removing white potato kind, purity is not less than 96%, and potato piece regularity is not less than 80%, and imperfection potato piece is not higher than 5%; The potato seed stripping and slicing, sowing immediately after dressing; The weight portion that seed coating medicine forms each raw material is: ammonium molybdate 1-2, tuber of stemona powder 1-2, ash 3-5, weathered coal 1-2, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 1-2, precipitated calcium carbonate powder 1-2, water are appropriate, and each raw material adds water and mixes and stirs into pasty state, wraps in outside potato seed;

(4) field management: the budding period is not non-irrigated does not water, and shallow intertillage 1-2 time keeps loosing soil ventilative, the Seedling Stage rear timely intertillage of watering promotes root of hair, tiller, the interim cultivated ridging of tiller, knot potato later stage soil must not suddenly be done to neglect and wet, and should stop watering in 7-8 days before results;

(5) damage by disease and insect pests occurrence rule and control: in by the end of March to early April, spray with 50% thiophanate methyl 90-110 g/acre; Artificial weeding is carried out in intertillage when loosening the soil;

(6) gather: treat that potato is ripe, carry out recovery process, used tool will cleaning, health, pollution-free.

2. cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described slow-release carbamide prepares by the following method:

(1), take sodium rice carbon and feldspar in powder, part by weight both is 0.1:1-2;

(2), feldspar in powder was calcined 4-5 hour under 400-450 ℃, feldspar in powder, sodium rice carbon are mixed, add again and be equivalent in feldspar in powder weight 4-5 water doubly, add the liquefied petrolatum, the paregal O of 1-2%, the wintergreen of 4-5%, the carboxymethyl cellulose of 3-4%, the 3-5% aluminium hydroxide that are equivalent to feldspar in powder weight 2-3%, high speed 1200-1500 rev/min of stirring obtains dispersion liquid;

(3), dispersion liquid is sprayed at outside urea granules oven dry;

(4), the pyrethroid mixture of can spraying again outside particle again, then the oven dry, can not spray yet.