CN103071157A - 含聚丙烯酸衍生物、纤维素醚和崩解剂的亲水性基质制备治疗女性生殖器疾病的药物的用途 - Google Patents
含聚丙烯酸衍生物、纤维素醚和崩解剂的亲水性基质制备治疗女性生殖器疾病的药物的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明为包含聚丙烯酸衍生物、纤维素醚和崩解剂的亲水性基质制备用于治疗女性生殖器疾病的药物的用途,披露了亲水性基质,其包括:a)优选用量0.5-40%的至少一种聚丙烯酸衍生物,b)优选用量30-90%的至少一种纤维素醚,和c)优选用量2-50%的至少一种崩解剂,各用量以该基质的重量为基准。该基质用于与至少一种可药用的活性成分组合用于制备治疗阴道疾病的固体生物粘附性控释制剂,所述疾病诸如外阴阴道念珠菌病,细菌性阴道病或滴虫病。该基质在固体制剂中的使用量约占制剂重量的5-60%,优选20-40%,并且所述活性成分的使用量约占制剂重量的2-70%优选5-50%。
Description
本发明是申请日为2007年6月21日的中国专利申请200780023985.8的分案申请,原申请的发明名称为“包含聚丙烯酸衍生物、纤维素醚和崩解剂的亲水性基质制备用于治疗女性生殖道疾病的药物的用途”。
发明领域
本发明涉及用于治疗女性生殖器疾病(female genital disorders)的阴道递药生物粘附性控释片。
发明背景
阴道递送为对局部和全身疾病给药的重要途径。然而,尽管这种给药途径有许多优点,诸如自我插入和避免首过效应,但是因影响某些生理学因素,如pH和存在根据年龄和月经周期不同而改变的有限阴道分泌物的广泛个体间变异性而尚未得到广泛利用。
此外,认为商品化形式,诸如霜剂,泡沫,凝胶,灌洗液,片剂通过阴道的自洁作用而居留于阴道腔内的时间期限相对短并且通常需要每日多次剂量来确保所需的治疗作用。
为了延长在阴道腔内的停留时间,已经研发了半固体和固体剂型形式的生物粘附性治疗系统。
生物粘附性半固体试剂,诸如霜剂,泡沫,凝胶具有即使在没有生理分泌物存在下也促进药物在阴道腔内释放的优点。
这是因为药物细分散于或溶于构成剂型的液体媒介物(水或油相或其混合物)。这类在半固体剂型中的涉及低浓度的高度药物分散体由此因其铺散于阴道上皮的大部分表面而导致对粘膜的局部刺激现象发生率较低。作为结果,通常满足了良好的患者依从性。
然而,一般还没有将这些系统设计成可确保药物的任何有效控释,这类药物完全可利用于在阴道腔内的即刻释放。
相反,基于水的系统不能与水敏感性药物一起使用,基于油的系统表现出较低的患者依从性且水包油型或油包水型乳剂通常存在较差的物理稳定性,从而产生分离现象。
最后,但并非最不重要的是,这些系统还存在需要使用涂药器来引入阴道的缺点。
与半固体形式相比涉及稳定性降低问题的生物粘附型固体剂型,诸如片剂,锭剂,栓剂(阴道插入剂)已知较易于给药。
相反,它们因阴道腔内的生理流体的量有限而表现出较差的药物扩散模式。它们还导致局部刺激现象,从而影响与药物在其中高度浓缩的小部分片剂或锭剂表面紧密接触的阴道粘膜。此外,不同于传统的半固体,这些系统在被生理流体操作活化时使其内含物在极窄的阴道上皮表面铺展,从而导致局部作用下降。
解决在阴道分泌物中释放差的一种可能的方式在于配制在阴道腔内熔化的阴道栓剂形式的药物。然而,这些递送系统不能在属于气候带III和IV中的温度通常超过30°C的国家销售。
在阴道递送领域中重要的改善以创建了具有控释特性的生物粘附型固体剂型为代表。这类剂型最大的优点在于其在阴道腔内停留延长的时间期限,包括全天和全夜,从而确保了预定的药物释放控制且由此能够减少给药频率。
令人遗憾的是,每日产生的极少的阴道流体,据估计约每日6g,严重地限制了药物从按照本领域目前状态制备的控释片中的扩散现象。
因此,对基于生物粘附性控释片的新治疗阴道递送系统存在需求,以便延长在阴道腔内的停留时间并且减少因药物溶出控制导致的给药频率。
理想的情况是,这些剂型应结合仅与单一施用的片剂和半固体相关的所有优点,即:易于制备,易于给药,生物粘附,有效药物控释,化学和物理稳定性,避免局部刺激现象,减少给药次数,冻胶稠度和在阴道腔内广泛面积上的高度药物分散。
与这些需要相匹配的一种可能方式在于制备包括由亲水性聚合物构成的速率控制赋形剂的基质片。这项技术广泛被利用于在需要在预定时间期限内精确药物释放速率的口服递送领域。此外,已经发现了 基质片因经济和可靠性而非广泛有效研发每日一次口服剂型的原因的大规模工业化应用。
这项技术由使用可溶性或不溶性亲水性聚合物分散的混合制剂+压缩佐剂制备组成。然后将该混合物制粒或直接压片得到最终的控释剂型。
药物释放因构成基质的聚合物的溶胀特性而发生,所述基质在有含水介质存在下水化,由此发挥药物释放控制作用。
根据药物溶解度的不同,释放机制基于通过溶胀基质扩散或通过聚合物侵蚀或其组合。
药物释放动力学由此受到几个因素控制,即药物溶解度,聚合物水化速率,聚合物粘度和填充剂载荷,类型和用量。
然而,操纵药物释放控制的分散量含水介质的需求使基质片限于通常在胃肠道中可利用大量生理分泌物的口服递送领域。
在消化道内状态中,胃肠道进行强烈的机械活动,或称作蠕动波,与存在的食物和消化分泌液一起,这种现象极大地改变了溶胀基质在胃肠道输送过程中执行药物释放控制的能力,从而导致该片剂发生机械破碎,即刻释放药物(剂量突释效应)。
口服基质片由此应具有在溶胀状态保持其完整性的合适的机械结构,以确保由溶出动力学控制的时间吸收特性。
令人遗憾的是,就生物粘附性控释阴道递送的具体情况而言,每日的少量阴道分泌物不足以水化常规的基质片。这意味着未达到溶胀状态的基质片在实施中阻止或减缓药物扩散过程。由此预计治疗作用降低和发生影响保持与该片剂长时间紧密接触的阴道粘膜的局部刺激现象。在这些情况中,来自身体运动的低剪切力无法实现固体-凝胶转变,从而导致片剂长期停留在阴道腔中,而不执行任何药物释放。
US6,416,779B1中披露了治疗阴道疾病的含药装置,方法和组合物。
装置可以为棉塞,棉塞类装置,环,阴道栓,杯,海绵状物。
这类装置包括配制成霜剂,洗剂,泡沫,软膏剂或凝胶的掺入药 物的制剂。这些装置不溶并且保持在阴道腔内就位以确保药物按照定时方式释放(2-24h)。还可以将装置设计成可吸收入血流。
掺入装置的优选制剂由0.1-10%重量的药物,60-90%重量的亲脂性或亲水性载体(即分别为饱和脂肪酸载体的半合成甘油酸酯类或聚乙二醇),5-25%重量的粘膜粘着剂(即纤维素衍生物)和任选的5-20%重量的吸附促进剂(即乙氧基二甘醇)。
通过需要取出的插入式管将装置放入阴道腔。
用粘膜粘着剂确保从装置中释放的药物与阴道壁粘附。
将生物粘附性片剂提及为具有棉塞或栓剂形状的另一种可能的递药装置,以确保阴道壁与片剂表面的最大接触。一旦被放入适当的制剂,这些包括羟丙基纤维素和聚丙烯酸的生物粘附系统就能够释放药物达5天。
WO2006/017238涉及用于跨粘膜递送抗偏头痛药和/或抗恶心药的涂敷的阴道装置。涂层以掺入了包括药物和粘膜粘着剂的流体不能渗透的材料为代表。流体不能渗透性涂层的范围在于防止药物一旦从粘膜粘着性组合物释放入装置就吸收。结果,药物被完全递送至最接近子宫的上阴道壁和/或全身循环。
发明内容
令人意外的是,已经发现在由一种或多种纤维素醚和一种或多种聚丙烯酸衍生物制成的亲水性基质中包含崩解剂甚至在有限量阴道分泌物存在下也促进了溶胀状态的快速实现,由此导致控释凝胶在大部分阴道上皮中铺展开。
存在崩解剂加速了片剂的水化速率,在有身体运动引起的剪切力存在下导致快速固体-凝胶转变,由此导致即刻生物粘附。不同于口服递送的常规基质片,由此将生物粘附性控释阴道片设计成快速粘附阴道上皮并且失去其形状/完整性,以便生成在整个阴道粘膜中执行药物释放控制的生物粘附凝胶。
这些特征赋予了本发明控释生物粘附性阴道片的独特性,这是因 为在被阴道分泌物活化后,它们合并了属于固体和半固体剂型的相对优点和与易于给药相关的患者依从性和生产成本控制方面的益处。
通过由崩解剂执行的对溶胀亲水性基质网状结构的进行性破坏确保快速固体-凝胶转变。最初从片剂的外部水化层发生的这种现象也快速影响在水化前分离的内部干燥层,由此保持较高的表面任意溶胀,甚至在存在含水介质量减少情况下亦如此。
更深一步说,由于崩解剂与亲水性基质中的其它成分,即纤维素醚和聚丙烯酸共聚物相比表现出较高的水化速率而获得快速固体-凝胶转变。
崩解剂的这种较高水化速率导致片剂的干燥层进行性鳞落,从而生成新的表面,这加速了构成基质的聚合物溶胀,促进了胶胨态快速形成,从而缩短了粘附阴道上皮所需的时间。
本发明的阴道片剂物质由此能够确保快速起效和在诸如阴道腔这类仅可利用有限量液体分泌物的环境中延长的治疗作用。释放机制基于扩散药物通过溶胀聚合物和凝胶基质的进行性浸蚀/溶出。
可以将相对现有固体和半固体形式的主要优点概括如下:
低生产成本,避免使用含水或有机溶剂,易于自我给药而无需使用涂药器,活化态时类似于凝胶的稠度,避免局部刺激现象,快速生物粘着,与控制药物递送相关的延迟滞留时间,延长的给药间隔,改善的化学和物理稳定性。
阴道生物粘附控释基质片的生产方法由下列步骤组成:制备基质混合物(i),所述基质混合物(i)包括下列可药用的赋形剂:
一种或多种纤维素醚,一种或多种崩解剂,一种或多种聚丙烯酸共聚物。
然后将基质(i)与混合物(ii)混合,所述混合物(ii)由一种或多种药物和功能赋形剂制成,所述功能赋形剂诸如填充剂,缓冲剂,表面活性剂,粘合剂,助流剂,抗氧化剂,螯合剂,润滑剂。由此获得最终混合物(iii)。
然后将最终混合物(iii)制粒或直接压制以获得最终的生物粘附 性控释阴道片。有利的是可以将润滑剂作为压制前最后的成分加入到最终混合物(iii)中。
常用制粒法可以用于改善基质(i),药物-赋形剂混合物(ii)或最终混合物(iii)的流变性和可压缩性。
用称作卡波姆的基于聚丙烯酸的聚合物确保生物粘附性。可以使用许多不同等级的商购卡波姆。它们在分子量,交联结构程度或残留成分方面不同。在聚丙烯酸聚合物中,优选聚卡波非,即与二乙烯基二醇交联的聚丙烯酸。这种水不溶性聚合物具有约4.5的表观pKa并且可以吸收其重量60-100倍的水。
这些聚丙烯酸聚合物的详尽描述可以在R.C.Rowe等编辑的Handbook of Pharmaceut ical Excipients,fourth ed.,Pharmaceutical Press and American Pharmaceutical Association2003中找到。
控释特性由纤维素醚类,诸如羟丙基甲基纤维素,羟丙基纤维素,羟乙基纤维素,甲基纤维素,乙基纤维素,乙酸纤维素,其衍生物及其混合物确保。这些醚类以许多具有不同表观粘度和取代度的不同等级市售。
优选纤维素醚具有在15cP-100,000cP(2%水溶液,20°C)范围内改变的表观粘度。优选的纤维素醚类为羟丙基甲基纤维素,羟丙基纤维素和甲基纤维素。
适用于本发明的崩解剂可以选自不同类型或其混合物,将其概括在下文中。
改性的纤维素,诸如交联羧甲基纤维素钠,交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,诸如交聚维酮,天然淀粉,诸如玉米淀粉,马铃薯淀粉,直接可压缩淀粉,诸如淀粉1500,改性淀粉,诸如羧甲基淀粉和羟基乙酸淀粉钠,淀粉衍生物,诸如直链淀粉,藻酸和藻酸钠,微晶纤维素。
交联羧甲基纤维素钠和交聚维酮为优选的崩解剂。
在第一优选的组中,亲水性基质组合物(i)由纤维素醚类30-90%w/w;聚丙烯酸衍生物0.5-40%,崩解剂2-50%组成,而基质组合物(i) 和药物分别占片剂重量的约5-60%和约2-70%。
在另一优选的组中,亲水性基质组合物(i)由纤维素醚类40-80%w/w;聚丙烯酸衍生物2-40%(优选2-30%,甚至更优选1-20%),崩解剂5-40%组成,而基质组合物(i)和药物分别占片剂重量的约20-40%和约5-50%。
阴道片的控释特性可以通过在剂型中存在可溶和不溶性填充剂及其重量比来改变。
不溶性赋形剂可以选自微晶纤维素,磷酸钙,磷酸氢钙,硫酸钙和磷酸二钙。优选无水或水合磷酸二钙。
可溶性赋形剂可以选自乳糖,山梨醇,木糖醇,甘露糖醇,直链淀粉,葡萄糖,富马酸,柠檬酸,酒石酸,乳酸,苹果酸,抗坏血酸,琥珀酸,各种分子量的聚乙二醇类,可溶性羟基烷基纤维素,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮类,明胶,碳酸钠,碳酸氢钠。
为了抗衡绝经前和绝经后女性阴道分泌物的广泛pH变化,有利的是剂型还可以包含一种或多种缓冲剂以确保更可再现的药物释放特性。
在缓冲剂种类中,系统乳酸钙/乳酸,柠檬酸/柠檬酸钠和无水磷酸二氢钠,磷酸二氢钠一水合物或二水化物因其产生接近绝经前健康女性生理阴道分泌物范围的水pH的能力而为优选的。
此外,缓冲剂确保的另一个更有利的优点在于确保所用生物粘附性聚合物(卡波姆)的体内粘度的更可再现性,所述聚合物在溶胀状态下明显降低pH值至低于3.0。
通过按照实验部分中所述方法的结构分析评价本发明亲水性基质片的生物粘附和溶胀程度。
可以使用USP XXVIII或EP第5版中所述溶出仪器之一有利地进行体外药物释放试验。
本发明适用于可通过阴道途径递送的任何可接受的药物。
有利的是,可药用的表面活性剂可以为制剂的组成部分以便提高在含水介质中表现出低溶解度的活性成分的溶出率。
在可以掺入本发明主题的控释生物粘附性阴道片的药物种类中有用于治疗外阴阴道念珠菌病的抗霉菌药,这种疾病为影响约75%女性在其生命过程中至少一次的白色假丝酵母(Candida Albicans)感染。抗霉菌药可以选自任何公知的合成或天然来源的抗霉菌药。活性剂可以为游离形式,即为游离酸或碱或为其盐的形式。实例包括:-1-羟基-2-吡啶酮化合物及其盐,例如环吡酮,利洛吡司,吡罗克酮,环吡酮胺和披露在US-A-4,957,730中的1-羟基-2-吡啶酮化合物;-咪唑衍生物及其盐,例如布康唑,克霉唑,益康唑,异康唑,酮康唑,咪康唑,噻康唑,联苯苄唑,芬替康唑和奥昔康唑;-多烯衍生物及其盐,例如制霉菌素,那他霉素和两性霉素;-烯丙胺衍生物及其盐,例如Napht ifine和特比萘芬;-三唑衍生物及其盐,例如氟康唑,伊曲康唑,特康唑和伏立康唑;-吗啉衍生物及其盐,例如披露在US-A-5,120,530中的阿莫罗芬和吗啉类;-灰黄霉素和相关化合物,例如灰黄霉素;-酸性化合物,例如十一烯酸及其盐,特别是十一烯酸的锌盐和钙盐;-tolnaphtate及其盐;和-氟胞嘧啶及其盐。
抗霉菌药优选选自1-羟基2-吡啶酮化合物及其盐。
抗霉菌药还可以优选选自天然来源,特别是植物提取物。这些提取物的实例包括茶树油(Melaleuca attemifolia),熏衣草油(药用熏衣草(Lavandula officinalis chaix))和印度楝树(Azadirachta indica)叶的提取物。
抗霉菌药可以单独使用或与其它抗霉菌药联用。特别地,如果抗霉菌药为天然来源,那么优选使用其组合。优选的混合物为茶树油,熏衣草油和印度楝树的叶提取物的组合。
抗霉菌药的量根据其结构及其抗微生物活性以及从片剂中的释放速率的不同而改变。一般而言,可以在本发明的组合物中使用抗霉菌药的有效量,即有效杀灭感染性微生物的用量,它一般大于平均抑制浓度(MIC)几倍到几十倍到数百倍。因此,优选抗霉菌药的用量在1-1000mg,更优选5-500mg,最优选10-250mg的单位剂量。
可以掺入本发明主题的控释生物粘附性阴道片的其它活性药物为 抗生素以及其它治疗细菌性阴道病,滴虫病或其它外阴-阴道感染的抗微生物药。
抗生素可以选自任意已知的抗生素。抗生素可以为游离形式,即为游离酸或碱,或为其盐的形式。实例包括:-氨基糖苷类及其盐,例如阿米卡星,安普霉素,阿贝卡星,地贝卡星,庆大霉素,卡那霉素,新霉素,奈替米星,西索米星,链霉素,二氢链霉素,妥布霉素;-四环素类及其盐,例如金霉素,地美环素,多西环素,赖甲环素,甲氯环素,美他环素,米诺环素,土霉素,罗利环素,四环素;-大环内酯类及其盐,例如阿奇霉素,Cetromycin,克拉霉素(Claritromycin),地红霉素,红霉素,氟红霉素,交沙霉素,吉他霉素,麦迪霉素,竹桃霉素,普那霉素,达福普汀,罗他霉素,罗红霉素,螺旋霉素,泰利霉素,替米考星,醋竹桃霉素(Troleandomycoin),泰洛星,维吉霉素;-喹诺酮类及其盐,例如环丙沙星,二氟沙星,依诺沙星,左氧氟沙星,洛美沙星,莫西沙星,萘啶酸,诺氟沙星,氧氟沙星,奥索利酸,培氟沙星,吡哌酸,芦氟沙星,替马沙星;-单独使用或与二氨基吡啶联用的磺胺类及其盐,例如复方新诺明;青霉素化合物及其盐,例如氨苄西林,苯唑西林,氯唑西林,双氯西林,氟氯西林,阿莫西林,羧苄西林,巴氨西林;头孢菌素类和其它β-内酰胺抗生素及其盐,例如头孢氨苄,头孢噻啶,头孢孟多,头孢泊肟,碳青霉烯衍生物,如亚胺培南,单酰胺菌素,如氨曲南(aztreonan);林可胺类及其盐,例如克林霉素和林可霉素。
其它抗微生物药可以选自:抗原生动物(antiprotozoarian),抗菌药及其盐,包括甲硝唑,替硝唑,硝呋拉太;或选自防腐药,包括苄达明,氯己定等。
抗生素可以单独使用或与其它抗生素和/或抗原生动物药和/或抗菌药和/或防腐药和/或抗霉菌药联用。
抗生素和/或抗原生动物药和/或抗菌药和/或防腐药的量根据其结构及其抗微生物活性以及从片剂中的释放速率的不同而改变。一般而言,可以在本发明的组合物中使用抗生素或抗原生动物药或抗菌药 或防腐药的有效量,即有效杀灭感染性微生物的用量,其一般大于平均抑制浓度(MIC)几倍到几十倍到数百倍。因此,优选抗生素或抗原生动物药或抗菌药或防腐药的用量在1-1000mg,更优选5-500mg,最优选10-250mg的单位剂量。
由于细菌性阴道病与阴道菌群和阴道腔天然pH的改变(从典型的健康绝经前女性的4-5的值升至7)相关,所以阴道剂型在维持基于每日的酸性pH的能力进一步产生了不利于微生物生长的环境,从而促进了天然生理条件的重建。
因此还设计了本发明控释生物粘附性阴道片以便单独或与一种或多种药物一起递送药物有机酸,诸如乳酸,苹果酸,柠檬酸,抗坏血酸,琥珀酸,酒石酸及其混合物。
可以掺入本发明主题的控释生物粘附性阴道片的其它活性药物为:药理活性肽或蛋白质物质,包括降钙素,胰岛素,去氨加压素,干扰素,内啡肽及其衍生物或片段;释放因子和释放激素,其它肽激素,其它激素,包括雌二醇和衍生物,和合成或天然来源的孕酮和衍生物,抗病毒药和其它化疗剂;抗病毒药优选选自阿昔洛韦,喷昔洛韦等,鬼臼毒素和咪喹莫特;激素优选选自雌二醇,炔雌醇,雌三醇,普罗雌烯,羟孕酮,孕酮,甲羟孕酮,二氢孕酮(dihydrogesterone),诺美孕酮,炔诺酮,替勃龙,睾酮,普拉睾酮,美睾酮或任意的植物雌激素。
具有慢性或复发性疾病的女性可能需要使用药物活性剂治疗延长的时间期限。然而,口服使用某些药物通常可能因副作用,较低的吸收率或较差的依从性而不可接受。此外,商购局部用剂型,诸如霜剂,凝胶,泡沫,阴道栓剂和片剂限于其在阴道腔内的滞留时间简短,从而需要多次给药而导致患者的依从性差。
生物粘附性控释阴道片因其特性而由此为通过局部递送抵抗大部分药物的口服副作用的正确选择,从而确保了延长给药间隔。
进一步通过下列非限制性实施例例证本发明。
实验部分
实施例1(对比例)
按照本领域公知的条件生产批号为P06-037的环吡酮胺100mg控释生物粘附性阴道片。
定性-定量配方如表I中所示。
表I
该方法由掺合成分1-8,随后使用旋转式压片机(Officine Ronchi)直接压制组成。获得具有201N硬度的重量为760mg的片剂。2号和3号组分为亲水性基质(i)中的成分。
实施例2
按照本发明的教导生产批号为P06-038的环吡酮胺100mg控释生物粘附性阴道片。
按照实施例1中所述制备片剂。
定性-定量配方如表II中所示。
表II
2号,3号和4号组分为亲水性基质(i)中的成分。
获得具有248N硬度的重量为760mg的片剂。
实施例3
对实施例1(批号P-06-037)和实施例2(批号P-06-038)中所述片剂进行结构分析测定以便评估其生物粘附性能及其溶胀程度。通过单向ANOVA进行平均值之间显著性差异的测试。将在P<0.05水平的差异视为显著性的。
通过结构分析仪评价生物粘附特性[1]并且将猪阴道粘膜用作生物底物以便模拟阴道应用。
将软件控制的-具有5daN测力计的动力仪(AG/MC Acquati)用于测量分离力。
样品制备
阴道粘膜
使用外科剪刀从获自屠宰场的阴道粘膜上剥离结缔组织并且储存 在-20°C下至使用为止。在实验应用前融化粘膜并且通过视觉谨慎检查任何缺陷,此后用腈基丙烯酸盐胶将其固定在张力仪底部上的钢板上。为了维持样品水化,将粘膜支持在浸渗去离子水的滤纸上并且使用1mL去离子水水化5min。
测试材料
通过安装了平冲头(11.28mm直径)的水压机(Glenrothes,UK)施加10吨的压力30秒获得170mg的制剂压紧物。
用腈基丙烯酸盐胶使测试材料压紧物粘附活动钢冲。
在压紧物与阴道粘膜之间构成接触时,施加1.3N恒力10min。测定粘膜粘着剂在以0.1mm/秒的恒定速率伸长10mm时使生物粘附压紧物与粘膜分离所需的分离力(最大分离力)方面的性能。还测定了分离力与伸长关系曲线下的面积以表示分离两种底物所需的功或能量。将不锈钢冲头用作阴性对照。
将实验数据概括在图1中。
图1中所示的数据表示制剂批号P-06-037和P-06-038具有良好的生物粘附特性。特别地,按照本发明教导制备的批号P06-038确保了最高生物粘附性。与批号P-06-037之间的实验差异具有统计学显著性(P<0.05)。
根据结构分析特性描述来评价亲水性生物粘附性阴道片的溶胀程度。
测试材料
用腈基丙烯酸盐胶使片剂与玻璃板粘固。在室温下将样品放入充入200ml阴道流体模拟物(VFS)的烧杯中。通过改变Owen和Katz[2]提出的处方制备VFS。VFS由下列组分组成(g):NaCl,3.51;KOH,1.40;Ca(OH)2,0.222;乳酸,2.00;乙酸,1.00,甘油,0.16;脲,0.4;葡萄糖,5.0。使用HCl将该溶液调整至pH为4.2。
在预定间隔,取出溶胀压紧物用于结构特性描述和测定凝胶层厚度和应力-应变关系曲线。
通过软件控制的安装了50daN池的结构分析仪(AG/MC1,Acquati,I)测定水向前透入的运动和凝胶层厚度的增加。结构分析仪为微处理控制动力仪,它记录了试验中材料的应力-应变关系曲线的完整分布。探头与分析仪内力传感器(force traducer)连接,它用于测定试验过程中探头遇到的阻力。
在本试验过程中,使样品位于测试平台中心。在本研究中使用直径为5mm的平顶圆钢探头。探头速度为10mm/min,直到基质表面检测到0.2N力值(阈值),此时探头以10mm/min的速度透入溶胀基质。一旦检测到预定的力,探头就以10mm/min被自动拉出。
将实验数据概括在图2中。
图2中所示的数据表明代表本发明主题的批号P-06-038片剂在VFS中15分钟水化后表现出较高溶胀程度,如所需透入功所示的。特别地,与批号P-06-037之间的差异具有统计学显著性(P<0.05)。
这类由批号P-06-038片剂表现出的较高溶胀程度表明了更快速的生物粘附。此外,认为来源于批号P-06-037片剂的那些中的约1/4的标准偏差(SD)下降确保了片剂在阴道腔内正确位移后的体内溶胀性能更可靠。
通过比较图1和2,显然批号P-06-038的片剂在统计学上表现出优良的与主要溶胀程度相关的生物粘附特性,生物粘附特性产生了对阴道上皮更快速的粘附。
实施例4
按照本发明的教导生产批号为P-07-022;P-07-039;P-07-049的环吡酮100mg控释生物粘附性阴道片。
通过下文详细描述的熔化制粒法获得环吡酮颗粒。
将286.65g环吡酮USP,52.50g PEG6000,10.50g滑石粉,0.35g二氧化硅载入高剪切混合器(Rotolab Zanchetta-I)。将粉末在20°C下以800rpm混合5分钟,然后在约30分钟内以800rpm使产物T逐步升至65°C。
然后卸载产物,放在托盘上,使其在约40°C下冷却并且通过630μm孔筛析。
然后将获得的环吡酮颗粒(效率81.9%)与功能赋形剂混合并且按照实施例1中所述方法将该混合物压片。
定性-定量配方如表III上所示。
表III
获得具有315N(批号P-07-022),314N(批号P-07-039)和265N(批号P-07-049)硬度的重量为760mg的片剂。2号,3号和4号组分为亲水性基质(i)中的成分。
实施例5
使实施例4中所述片剂(批号P-07-022,P-07-039;P-07-049)进行溶出分析以便评价其改进的释放特性。所用的溶出方法为:USP溶出仪2,800mL磷酸盐缓冲液pH4.5,37°C,50rpm,n=6,UV297nm。将实验数据概括在图3中。
所有批号均表现出改进的释放特性。其计算的T80%(相当于80%药物释放的时间点)的结果是141min(批号P-07-039),274min(批号P-07-022),781min(批号P-07-049)。
实施例6
使实施例4中所述片剂(批号P-07-022,P-07-039;P-07-049)进行结构分析测定以便评价其生物粘附性能。通过单向ANOVA进行平均值之间的显著性差异测试。将P<0.05水平的差异视为显著性。
按照实施例3概括的方法评价生物粘附特性。
将实验数据概括在图4中。
图4中所示的数据表示所有制剂批号P-07-022;P-07-039和P-07-049均具有生物粘附特性,显然如其与对照组(不锈钢探头)相比的分离功所示。与对照组的差异具有统计学显著性(P<0.05)。
参考文献
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[2]Owen D.H.和Katz D.F.,A Vaginal Fluid Simulant.Contracept ion,59:91-95,1999
Claims (26)
1.亲水性基质和至少一种可药用的活性成分在制备用于治疗女性生殖器疾病的制剂中的应用,所述亲水性基质包括:
a)至少一种聚丙烯酸衍生物;
b)至少一种纤维素醚;和
c)交联羧甲基纤维素钠,
其特征在于所述至少一种聚丙烯酸衍生物的存在量占所述基质重量的2-40%,所述至少一种纤维素醚的存在量占所述基质重量的30-90%且所述至少交联羧甲基纤维素钠的存在量占所述基质重量的2-50%。
2.权利要求1的应用,其特征在于所述至少一种聚丙烯酸衍生物存在量占所述基质重量的1-20%,所述至少一种纤维素醚存在量占所述基质重量的40-80%且所述交联羧甲基纤维素钠存在量占所述基质重量的5-40%。
3.权利要求1的应用,其特征在于所述至少一种聚丙烯酸衍生物为与糖类的多烯基醚类或多元醇类交联的聚丙烯酸。
4.权利要求3的应用,其特征在于所述至少一种聚丙烯酸衍生物为卡波姆。
5.权利要求1的应用,其特征在于所述至少一种聚丙烯酸衍生物为与二乙烯基乙二醇交联的聚丙烯酸。
6.权利要求5的应用,其特征在于所述至少一种聚丙烯酸衍生物为聚卡波非。
7.权利要求1的应用,其特征在于所述至少一种纤维素醚选自羟基烷基纤维素,烷基纤维素,羧甲基纤维素或其盐。
8.权利要求7的应用,其特征在于所述羟基烷基纤维素选自羟丙基甲基纤维素,羟丙基纤维素和羟乙基纤维素;和/或所述烷基纤维素选自甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素。
9.权利要求1的应用,其特征在于所述制剂为固体。
10.权利要求9的固体制剂,其特征在于所述基质的存在量占该制剂重量的5-60%,并且所述至少一种活性成分的存在量占该制剂重量的2-70%。
11.权利要求10的固体制剂,其特征在于所述基质的存在量占该制剂重量的20-40%,并且所述至少一种活性成分的存在量占该制剂重量的5-50%。
12.权利要求9的应用,其特征在于包括可药用的填充剂,赋形剂和/或佐剂。
13.权利要求9的应用,其特征在于所述至少一种活性成分选自抗霉菌药,抗生素,抗病毒药,抗微生物药或化疗剂和激素。
14.权利要求13的应用,其特征在于所述抗霉菌药选自羟基-2-吡啶酮化合物,咪唑衍生物,多烯衍生物,烯丙胺衍生物,三唑衍生物,吗啉衍生物,灰黄霉素类化合物,酸性化合物,托萘酯,氟胞嘧啶及其盐。
15.权利要求13的应用,其特征在于所述抗霉菌药为环吡酮或环吡酮胺。
16.权利要求13的应用,其特征在于所述抗生素或其它抗微生物药选自单独的或与二氨基吡啶类,青霉素类化合物,头孢菌素类和其它β-内酰胺抗生素类,林可胺类,抗原生动物药,抗菌药,防腐药联用的氨基糖苷类,四环素类,大环内酯类,喹诺酮类,磺胺类及其盐。
17.权利要求13的应用,其特征在于所述抗生素选自硝呋拉太,甲硝唑,替硝唑,克林霉素。
18.权利要求13的应用,其特征在于所述抗病毒药选自碘苷,阿昔洛韦,喷昔洛韦,鬼臼毒素或咪喹莫特。
19.权利要求13的应用,其特征在于所述激素选自雌二醇,炔雌醇,雌三醇,普罗雌烯,羟孕酮,孕酮,甲羟孕酮,二氢孕酮,诺美孕酮,炔诺酮,替勃龙,睾酮,普拉睾酮,美睾酮或任意的植物雌激素。
20.权利要求12的应用,其特征在于所述赋形剂选自抗坏血酸,乳酸及其盐。
21.权利要求9的应用,其特征在于所述固体制剂为片剂。
22.权利要求21的应用,其特征在于所述片剂为生物粘附片。
23.权利要求9的应用,其特征在于所述固体制剂为控释制剂。
24.权利要求9的应用,其特征在于在阴道腔内施用所述固体制剂。
25.权利要求1的应用,其特征在于所述女性生殖器疾病为因真菌,细菌,原生动物或病毒导致的宫颈和/或阴道感染。
26.权利要求1的应用,其特征在于所述女性生殖器疾病为生殖器发育障碍,生殖器萎缩,生殖器弹性丧失或阴道干燥。
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EP06116269A EP1872775A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2006-06-29 | Use of a hydrophilic matrix comprising a polyacrylic acid derivative, a cellulose ether and a disintegrant for the manufacture of a medicament for treating female genital disorders |
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CN2013100083584A Pending CN103071157A (zh) | 2006-06-29 | 2007-06-21 | 含聚丙烯酸衍生物、纤维素醚和崩解剂的亲水性基质制备治疗女性生殖器疾病的药物的用途 |
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CN105796520A (zh) * | 2014-12-29 | 2016-07-27 | 四川滇虹医药开发有限公司 | 一种缓释型硝酸布康唑直压片剂及其制备方法 |
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DE602007004486D1 (de) | 2010-03-11 |
SI2032123T1 (sl) | 2010-04-30 |
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CN101478951A (zh) | 2009-07-08 |
EP1872775A1 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
CO6140022A2 (es) | 2010-03-19 |
EA018257B1 (ru) | 2013-06-28 |
WO2008000683A1 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
KR20090033341A (ko) | 2009-04-02 |
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CA2652226C (en) | 2014-08-12 |
ATE455534T1 (de) | 2010-02-15 |
JP5205374B2 (ja) | 2013-06-05 |
DK2032123T3 (da) | 2010-03-08 |
US20110091555A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
BRPI0713298A2 (pt) | 2012-04-17 |
MA30597B1 (fr) | 2009-07-01 |
US8865201B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 |
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