CN103059322B - 铝件与树脂的接合方法及由该方法制得的复合体 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种铝件与树脂的接合方法，其包括如下步骤：提供铝件；对铝件表面进行预处理，该预处理是将硅烷偶联剂的水解液涂敷于铝件表面并烘干固化；在预处理好的铝件表面涂敷聚氨酯胶粘剂层并固化；将该形成有胶粘剂层的铝件嵌入注塑成型模具中，向该注塑成型模具内注射熔融的热塑性树脂与该胶粘剂层结合。本发明还提供一种上述方法制得的铝件与树脂的复合体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铝件与树脂的接合方法及由该方法制得的复合体。
背景技术
随着消费电子领域技术发展需要，金属（比如铝或铝合金）与塑件结合的需求越来越广泛，同时金属与塑件之间的接合力要求也越来越高。
一种现有的金属与塑件的接合方法是在金属件与塑件结合的部位先涂上一层热敏性胶水，再通过嵌件注塑使塑料与金属接合。
铝因其活性较高，表面极易氧化生成一层致密的氧化铝薄膜。该氧化铝薄膜的化学活性比较低，不利于塑料与铝件的接合，使得塑料通过模内注射与铝件结合后铝件与塑件的拉拔力过小。
发明内容
鉴于此，有必要提供一种结合力强的铝件与树脂的接合方法。
另外，还有必要提供一种由上述方法制得的铝件与树脂的复合体。
一种铝件与树脂的接合方法，其包括如下步骤：
提供铝件；
对铝件表面进行预处理，该预处理是将硅烷偶联剂的水解液涂敷于铝件表面并烘干固化形成硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜；
在形成有硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜的铝件表面涂敷聚氨酯胶粘剂层并固化；
将该形成有胶粘剂层的铝件嵌入注塑成型模具中，向该注塑成型模具内注射熔融的热塑性树脂与该胶粘剂层结合。
一种铝件与树脂的复合体，该复合体包括铝件、形成于该铝件表面的硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜、形成于该硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜上的聚氨酯胶粘剂层以及通过注射成型与聚氨酯胶粘剂层接合为一体的树脂部形成，该硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜是将含环氧基团的硅烷偶联剂水解液涂敷于铝件表面并烘干固化形成，硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜通过Si-O-M键与铝件结合，M代表金属原子，该硅烷偶联剂的化学分子通式为R1-Si-R3，R为碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基，R1为含环氧基的烃基。
所述铝件与树脂接合方法，藉由含有环氧基团的硅烷偶联剂水解液涂敷于铝件表面，以对铝件表面进行改性处理，硅烷偶联剂水解液可与铝件表面发生化学反应，使硅烷偶联剂与铝件通过化学键结合；然后于经改性处理的铝件表面涂敷聚氨酯粘胶剂，硅烷偶联剂的环氧基团与聚氨酯胶粘剂中的氨基甲酸酯基团反应，从而使聚氨酯胶粘剂与铝件通过分子间的作用力而结合，增加铝件与聚氨酯胶粘剂的结合力，从而最终提高铝件与树脂部的结合力。
附图说明
图1为本发明较佳实施例铝与树脂的接合方法的流程图。
图2为本发明较佳实施例铝与树脂的接合方法制备的复合体的剖视示意图。
主要元件符号说明
| 复合体 | 10 |
| 铝件 | 11 |
| 硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜 | 12 |
| 胶粘剂层 | 13 |
| 树脂部 | 15 |
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本发明。
具体实施方式
请同时图1及图2，本发明一较佳实施方式的铝件与树脂的接合方法主要包括如下步骤：
步骤S1：提供一铝件11。该铝件11可由铝或铝合金制成，其可通过机械加工而具有所需的形状。
步骤S2：对铝件11表面进行预处理。该预处理是将硅烷偶联剂水解液涂敷于铝件11表面并烘干固化。该硅烷偶联剂水解液是将含环氧基团的硅烷偶联剂混合于质量浓度为95%的工业酒精中，使硅烷偶联剂的重量百分含量为1%～6%，搅拌混合均匀后静置25~35分钟，使硅烷偶联剂充分水解得到。所述硅烷偶联剂的化学分子通式为R1-Si-R3，R为碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基，R1为含环氧基的烃基。较佳地，R1为含3，4-环氧环己基的烃基。比如，该硅烷偶联剂可以为2-（3，4-环氧环己基）乙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-（3，4-环氧环己基）丙基三甲氧基硅烷、4-（3，4-环氧环己基）丁基三甲氧基硅烷等。本实施例的硅烷偶联剂为2-（3，4-环氧环己基）乙基三甲氧基硅烷。经水解后，该硅烷偶联剂的烷氧基水解成为羟基，故每个硅烷偶联剂分子水解后形成3个硅羟基。所述硅烷偶联剂中还可添加有改性金属铂的水解促进剂，以促进硅烷偶联剂的水解。
将硅烷偶联剂水解液均匀喷涂于铝件11的表面，于铝件11形成一层均匀的液体膜。将该形成液体膜的铝件11于100℃～120℃下烘烤4～8分钟，使所述液体膜与铝件11的表面充分反应并固化。固化过程中，硅烷偶联剂水解后生成的硅羟基与铝件11表面的羟基反应，生成致密的Si-O-M(代表金属原子)键分布在铝件11的表面。该液体膜固化后在铝件11的表面形成一层硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜12。
步骤S3：待烘烤后的铝件11冷却后，在预处理好的铝件11表面涂敷胶粘剂层13并固化。该胶粘剂层13为聚氨酯胶粘剂，该聚氨酯胶粘剂的分子链中含有氨基甲酸酯基团（－NHCOO－）。固化过程中，所述硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜12的有机链上的活性基团（如环氧基团）与聚氨酯胶粘剂中的活性基团（如氨基甲酸酯基团）反应，从而使聚氨酯胶粘剂与铝件11通过分子间的作用力而结合，增加铝件11与聚氨酯胶粘剂的结合力。
步骤S4：将该形成有胶粘剂层13的铝件11嵌入注塑成型模具（图未示）中，向该注塑成型模具内注射熔融的热塑性树脂，树脂与铝件11表面的胶粘剂层13结合，硬化后形成树脂部15，由此获得铝件11与树脂接合为一体的复合体10。
经实验表明，在其他因素固定不变的情况下，上述硅烷偶联剂与95%的工业酒精混合，硅烷偶联剂的重量百分含量为3%时，制得的复合体10的拉拔力最大；当硅烷偶联剂的重量百分含量大于6%时，复合体10的拉拔力相对于硅烷偶联剂的重量百分含量为3%时减小20%-30%。
可以理解，上述铝合金与树脂的接合方法还可包括在对铝件11表面进行预处理前，对铝件11进行脱脂除油处理。
请参阅图2，有上述铝合金与树脂的接合方法制得的复合体10包括该形状化的铝件11、形成于该铝件11表面的硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜12、形成于该硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜12上的胶粘剂层13以及通过注射成型与胶粘剂层13接合为一体的树脂部15形成。
所述硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜12是将含环氧基团的硅烷偶联剂水解液涂敷于铝件11表面并烘干固化形成。硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜12通过Si-O-M(代表金属原子)键与铝件11表面结合。所述硅烷偶联剂的化学分子通式为R1-Si-R3，R为碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基，R1为含环氧基的烃基。该胶粘剂层13为聚氨酯粘胶剂形成。
该树脂部15通过注射成型的方式与胶粘剂层13结合。树脂部15的树脂可用具有高流动性的结晶型热塑性树脂，如聚苯硫醚（PPS）树脂、聚酰胺（PA）树脂及聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）等。
对所述复合体10进行了拉拔力测试。测试结果表明，该复合体10的可抗200N的拉拔力。
所述铝件与树脂接合方法，藉由含有环氧基团的硅烷偶联剂水解液涂敷于铝件11表面，以对铝件11表面进行改性处理，硅烷偶联剂水解液可与铝件11表面发生化学反应，使硅烷偶联剂与铝件11通过化学键结合；然后于经改性处理的铝件11表面涂敷聚氨酯粘胶剂，硅烷偶联剂的环氧基团与聚氨酯胶粘剂中的氨基甲酸酯基团反应，从而使聚氨酯胶粘剂与铝件11通过分子间的作用力而结合，增加铝件11与聚氨酯胶粘剂的结合力，从而最终提高铝件11与树脂部15的结合力。
Claims (11)
1.一种铝件与树脂的接合方法，其包括如下步骤：
提供铝件；
对铝件表面进行预处理，该预处理是将硅烷偶联剂的水解液涂敷于铝件表面并烘干固化形成硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜，其中该硅烷偶联剂的水解液是将含环氧基团的硅烷偶联剂混合于质量浓度为95％的工业酒精中，使硅烷偶联剂的重量百分含量为1％～6％，搅拌混合均匀后静置25～35分钟，使硅烷偶联剂充分水解得到；
在形成有硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜的铝件表面涂敷聚氨酯胶粘剂层并固化，其中该聚氨酯胶粘剂的分子链中含有氨基甲酸酯基团，所述硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜的有机链上的环氧基团与聚氨酯胶粘剂中的氨基甲酸酯基团反应，从而使聚氨酯胶粘剂与该铝件通过分子间的作用力而结合，进而增加该铝件与该聚氨酯胶粘剂的结合力；
将该形成有胶粘剂层的铝件嵌入注塑成型模具中，向该注塑成型模具内注射熔融的热塑性树脂与该胶粘剂层结合。
2.如权利要求1所述的铝件与树脂的接合方法，其特征在于：该铝件由铝或铝合金制成。
3.如权利要求1所述的铝件与树脂的接合方法，其特征在于：所述硅烷偶联剂的化学分子通式为R1-Si-R3，R为碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基，R1为含环氧基的烃基。
4.如权利要求3所述的铝件与树脂的接合方法，其特征在于：所述R1为含3，4-环氧环己基的烃基。
5.如权利要求4所述的铝件与树脂的接合方法，其特征在于：所述硅烷偶联剂为2-(3，4-环氧环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-(3，4-环氧环己基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷及4-(3，4-环氧环己基)丁基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的铝件与树脂的接合方法，其特征在于：所述硅烷偶联剂的重量百分含量为3％。
7.如权利要求1所述的铝件与树脂的接合方法，其特征在于：所述预处理步骤的烘干固化是指将涂敷有硅烷偶联剂的水解液的铝件于100℃～120℃下烘烤4～8分钟。
8.一种铝件与树脂的复合体，其特征在于：该复合体包括铝件、形成于该铝件表面的硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜、形成于该硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜上的聚氨酯胶粘剂层以及通过注射成型与所述聚氨酯胶粘剂层接合为一体的树脂部，该硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜是将含环氧基团的硅烷偶联剂混合于质量浓度为95％的工业酒精中，使硅烷偶联剂的重量百分含量为1％～6％，搅拌混合均匀后静置25～35分钟，使硅烷偶联剂充分水解得到该硅烷偶联剂的水解液，并将该硅烷偶联剂的水解液涂敷于铝件表面并烘干固化形成，硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜通过Si-O-M键与铝件结合，M代表金属原子，该硅烷偶联剂的化学分子通式为R1-Si-R3，R为碳原子数为1～5的烷氧基，R1为含环氧基的烃基，该聚氨酯胶粘剂的分子链中含有氨基甲酸酯基团，所述硅烷偶联剂水解固化膜的有机链上的环氧基团与聚氨酯胶粘剂中的氨基甲酸酯基团反应，从而使聚氨酯胶粘剂与该铝件通过分子间的作用力而结合，进而增加该铝件与该聚氨酯胶粘剂的结合力。
9.如权利要求8所述的铝件与树脂的复合体，其特征在于：该R1为含3，4-环氧环己基的烃基。
10.如权利要求8所述的铝件与树脂的复合体，其特征在于：所述树脂部由热塑性树脂形成。
11.如权利要求8所述的铝件与树脂的复合体，其特征在于：该铝件由铝或铝合金制成。
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| US13/419,573 US20130101860A1 (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2012-03-14 | Method for joining aluminum part and resin and composite made by same |
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| JP2016089261A (ja) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-05-23 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | アルミニウム合金材、接合体、自動車用部材、及びアルミニウム合金材の製造方法 |
| CN104742312A (zh) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-07-01 | 深圳富泰宏精密工业有限公司 | 异质材料复合体的制备方法及由该方法制得的复合体 |
| CN104562139B (zh) * | 2015-01-21 | 2017-08-11 | 苏州波耳化工材料有限公司 | 与塑胶一体化形成复合体材料的金属表面处理方法及金属塑胶复合体 |
| CN106553360B (zh) | 2015-09-25 | 2020-03-31 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种金属树脂复合体及其制备方法 |
| CN105835304A (zh) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-08-10 | 周士志 | 一种硅胶一体式箱包及其制备方法 |
| CN108943985A (zh) * | 2017-05-19 | 2018-12-07 | 珠海市赛纬电子材料股份有限公司 | 一种铝塑复合膜的复合方法 |
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