CN103005218A - Pig feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Pig feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pig feed and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: sequentially carrying out hot water and centrifugal treatments on collected wet microalgae fungi so as to obtain liquid supernatant A and a precipitate A; sequentially carrying out enzyme-added and centrifugal treatments on the precipitate A so as to obtain liquid supernatant B and a precipitate B; mixing the liquid supernatant A and the liquid supernatant B, carrying out concentration on the obtained mixture, adding cooled alcohol at a temperature of 4 DEG C into the concentrated mixture, standing the obtained object more than 12 hours, and filtering the obtained liquid mixture so as to obtain a crude polysaccharide precipitate; adding water into the crude polysaccharide precipitate obtained in the step 3 to dissolve, carrying out deproteinization on the obtained product, separating the deproteinized product into a protein precipitate and a deproteinized polysaccharide solution, and carrying out freeze drying or stoving on the protein precipitate so as to obtain a crude protein product; and step 5: separating intermediate fungi containing high protein products from the precipitate B, and preparing the following raw materials into the pig feed in part by mass: 5-10 parts of the obtained crude protein product and/or 5-10 parts of dried high protein products of the intermediate fungi, 61-65 parts of corns, 1-6 parts of brans, 12-25 parts of soya bean meal, 1-16 parts of yellow wine lees, 0.1-0.5 part of mountain flour, 0.01-0.1 part of baking soda, 1-1.6 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 0.01-0.05 part of gourmet powder.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pig feed and preparation method thereof, especially a kind of can be for edible pig feed of pig, ox or sheep and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with prevailing of scientific cultivation, people have had more deep awareness and understanding for the cultivation of domestic animal, how to improve the survival rate of domestic animal, reduce the generation of disease, and accelerate its growth rate and improve meat quality, be the urgent inquisitive problems of numerous cultivation dealers.
As everyone knows, 60 kilogram one of the body weight of pig delivered for sale and is the stage of fattening, and this function of each organ, system of pig all perfect gradually in stage, and especially digestive system has had very great development, and the abilities of digestive and absorption of all feeds all is greatly improved.Nervous system and body resistance to external world also progressively improves, and this adipose tissue growth of pig vigorous in stage, but this moment, lean meat percentage reduced, the carcass quality variation.The needs of protein are more complicated, in order to obtain best fattening effect, not only to satisfy the demand of albumen quality, also to consider balance between must amino acid and the equilibrium of utilization rate and minerals and vitamins, if feed collocation is unreasonable, can't satisfy the growth demand of large pig.
Existing pig feed all is to come from cereal crops, does not use algae as raw material, has caused a large amount of foodstuff wastes, is unfavorable for the demand of human survival.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has designed a kind of pig feed and preparation method thereof, and the technical problem of its solution is that (1) need to use a large amount of dregs of beans and corn in order to guarantee the protein content in the existing pig feed, and is difficult for fully being absorbed by animal.(2) existing pig feed all is to come from cereal crops, does not come from algae, has caused a large amount of foodstuff wastes, is unfavorable for the demand of human survival.
In order to solve the technical problem of above-mentioned existence, the present invention has adopted following scheme:
A kind of pig feed preparation method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: little algae or little algae wet thallus are passed through hot water treatment and centrifugal treating successively, obtain supernatant A and precipitate A; Wherein, the mass ratio of hot water and little algae or little algae wet thallus is 20-30:1;
Step 2: precipitate A is passed through enzyme-added processing and centrifugal treating successively, obtains supernatant B and deposit B; Wherein, the mass ratio of precipitate A and enzyme is 40-100:1.
Step 3: will supernatant A and supernatant B concentrate after mixing, and add 4 ℃ of cold ethanol and mix more than 12 hours, mixed liquor is filtered obtains thick polysaccharide precipitation; Wherein, the cumulative volume of supernatant A and supernatant B is concentrated to 1/5-1/4 of original volume, and the volume that adds cold ethanol is concentrated rear supernatant A and supernatant B cumulative volume 3-5 times.
Step 4: the thick polysaccharide precipitation of gained is dissolved in water in the step 3, takes off albumen and processes, and is separated into albumen precipitation and Deproteinated polysaccharide solution, and albumen precipitation obtains the crude protein product by freeze drying or oven dry; Taking off polysaccharide solution behind the albumen can decolour and obtain refining polysaccharide.
Step 5: the bacteria suspension of gained deposit B in the step 2 is regulated after the pH value is 10-12,70-80 ℃ of insulation 1-2h, then add the sodium chloride solution of 0.8% concentration and the mixed liquor of n-hexane and ethanol, finally make n-hexane: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 2:4:1.5, concussion 10min leaves standstill and is divided into three layers and is followed successively by from top to bottom: n-hexane phase, middle thalline phase and pure water; N-hexane can obtain uranidin mutually.
Step 6: be mixed and made into pig feed according to following mass ratio: thalline forms after super-dry in the middle of the crude protein product that 5-10 part step 4 obtains and/or the 5-10 part step 5 high protein product, 61-65 part corn, 1-6 part wheat bran, 12-25 part dregs of beans, 1-16 part yellow wine lees, 0.1-0.5 part stone flour, 0.01-0.1 part sodium bicarbonate, 1-1.6 part calcium monohydrogen phosphate and 0.01-0.05 part essence.
Further, little algae is for being chlorella, spirulina or grid algae; Little algae wet thallus is chlorella thalline, spirulina thalline or grid phycomycete body.
Further, the hot water temperature in the step 1 and processing time are respectively 90-100 ℃ and 0.5-2h.
Further, the enzyme in the step 2 is selected from one or more combinations in neutral proteinase, alkali protease and the cellulase; Cellulose enzyme activity is 1200-1500U/g, and the neutral proteinase enzyme is lived and is 59000-60000U/g, and the work of alkali protease enzyme is 2 * 105-2.02 * 105U/g.
Further, in the pig feed of the final gained of step 6, also add trace element.
Further, the mass fraction of trace element is according to following ratio: 0.4-0.6 portion of terramycin, 0.2-1.5 part copper sulphate, 0.2-1.5 part ferrous sulfate, 0.3-1.8 part zinc sulfate and 1-2 portions of salt.
This invention also comprises by above-mentioned 6 kinds of pig feeds that the preparation method makes.
This pig feed and preparation method thereof is compared with traditional pig feed and preparation method thereof, has following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention is by isolating crude protein product and high protein product from algae, so that the protein content in the pig feed is higher than conventional feed, for animal feeding provides enough protein, the simultaneously source of this protein and algae, thereby can reduce corn and dregs of beans use amount.
(2) pig feed of the present invention is not only applicable to in-pig, milking sow, growth pig, fattening pig and large pig, can allow their quick, healthy growths, but also reduced the cost of pig feed, because vinasse are contained in this pig feed the inside, vinasse can replace part corn, dregs of beans, saved grain, and pig also enjoys a lot to eat the feed that contains vinasse.
(3) the present invention designs and uses hot water treatment as preprocessing means, increases the cell permeability, suitably destroys cell wall structure, reduces the use amount of enzyme process enzyme process action time and enzyme, by hot-water extraction and enzymolysis, obtains product polysaccharide and a small amount of crude protein.
(4) the present invention is except producing pig feed, and can decolour in the polysaccharide solution behind its by-product pint albumen obtains refining polysaccharide.
(5) the present invention is except producing pig feed, and its byproduct n-hexane can obtain uranidin in mutually.
(6) increase trace element among the present invention and can satisfy pig growth and development to the needs of various mineral matter elements, especially can make the piggy ramp.
The specific embodiment
In conjunction with the following example, the present invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1: select chlorella.
With the centrifugal 10min of 4000rpm/min, the removal supernatant obtains the chlorella wet thallus, takes by weighing chlorella wet thallus 1.0g in the 100ml conical flask, adds the 25ml deionized water with the chlorella zymotic fluid, 90 ℃ of heating 1.5h, cooling, centrifugal supernatant A and the precipitate A of getting.Take by weighing the 0.065g cellulase, 0.035g neutral proteinase, cellulose enzyme activity are 1200U/g, and the neutral proteinase enzyme is lived and to be 60000U/g, adds the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer of pH=5, and pH=5 is the pH reaction system of optimum enzyme effect selected in the experiment.Be settled to 100ml, get the 25ml enzyme solutions and join in the chlorella wet thallus precipitate A, hydrolysis temperature is 42 ℃, stirs 4h, 90 ℃ of enzyme 10min that go out.Suspension after the hydrolysis is carried out centrifugal 10min under the 4000r/min, obtain supernatant B and deposit B.
Merge supernatant A and supernatant B, concentrated this supernatant mixed liquor is to 1/5 of original volume, and the 4 ℃ of concussions of cold ethanol that add 3 times of volumes mix, and leave standstill 12h, filters to get thick polysaccharide precipitation.
Get the thick polysaccharide precipitation of the water-soluble solution of 10ml, regulate pH to 3 with trichloroacetic acid, mixing leaves standstill 2h, adds the n-butanol of 15 times of trichloroacetic acid volumes, stirs, and leaves standstill 1h, and is centrifugal, and the aqueous solution reclaims polysaccharide, repeats 2 times.Polysaccharide extract rate 82.3%.Water dissolving polysaccharide carries out adsorption bleaching with the flow velocity of 2BV/h to the thick polysaccharide solution of 2.5mg/ml, records pigment removal efficiency 92.4%, and the polysaccharide retention rate is 88.97%.Protein solubility is lower and polysaccharide loss is less during pH=3, is the peak optimization reaction system.The use of n-butanol also is in order to reduce the water-soluble of protein, thus crude protein product and separation of polysaccharides.Use separately the TCA method also passable herein, increase the number of times that repeats to extract.
It is 11 that the bacteria suspension of deposit B is regulated pH with the NaOH of 2mol/L, 70 ℃ of reaction 60min, cooling, adding an amount of 0.8% sodium chloride solution and the mixed liquor n-hexane of n-hexane and ethanol and the volume ratio of ethanol is 2:4, and make final n-hexane: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 2:4:1.5, concussion 10min, collect the n-hexane phase, the n-hexane that adds again initial 1/3 volume repeats twice, and n-hexane phase A adds anhydrous sodium sulfate and removes minor amount of water, reclaims solvent and obtains the uranidin such as carrotene.Thalline its crude protein content of high protein product after drying that the intermediate layer suspends is 38.7%, and 18 water solution amino acid content is abundant, can be used as be rich in albumen fully, amino acid whose composition is used as the part substitute that protein feed becomes the animal's diet feed.
Choose 5 parts of crude protein products, 10 parts of high protein products, 50 parts of corns, 8 parts of wheat brans and 15 parts of dregs of beans, so that they fully mix, can become the pig feed of high-quality by agitating device.
Choose 10 parts of crude protein products, 10 parts of high protein products, 65 parts of corns, 6 parts of wheat brans, 25 parts of dregs of beans, 6 parts of yellow wine lees, 0.1 part of stone flour, 0.1 part of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of calcium monohydrogen phosphate and 0.01 part of essence.So that they fully mix, can become the pig feed of high-quality by agitating device.
Embodiment 2: select the grid algae.
With the centrifugal 10min of 4000rpm/min, the removal supernatant obtains grid phycomycete body, takes by weighing grid algae wet thallus 1.0g in the 100ml conical flask, adds the 25ml deionized water with grid algae zymotic fluid, 90 ℃ of heating 1.5h, cooling, centrifugal supernatant A and the precipitate A of getting.Take by weighing the 0.075g cellulase, 0.025g alkali protease, cellulose enzyme activity is 1200U/g, and the work of alkali protease enzyme is 2 * 105U/g, and the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer that adds pH=4 is settled to 100ml, getting the 25ml enzyme solutions joins in the grid algae wet thallus precipitate A, hydrolysis temperature is 40 ℃, stirs 4h, 90 ℃ of enzyme 10min that go out, suspension after the hydrolysis is carried out centrifugal 10min under the 4000r/min, obtain supernatant B and deposit B.
Merge supernatant A and supernatant B, concentrated this supernatant mixed liquor is to 1/5 of original volume, and the 4 ℃ of concussions of cold ethanol that add 3 times of volumes mix, and leave standstill 12h, filters to get thick polysaccharide precipitation.
Get the thick polysaccharide precipitation of the water-soluble solution of 10ml, regulate pH to 3 with trichloroacetic acid, mixing leaves standstill 2h, adds the n-butanol of 15 times of trichloroacetic acid volumes, stirs, and leaves standstill 1h, and is centrifugal, and the aqueous solution reclaims polysaccharide, repeats 2 times.Polysaccharide extract rate 82.3%.Water dissolving polysaccharide carries out adsorption bleaching with the flow velocity of 2BV/h to the thick polysaccharide solution of 2.5mg/ml, records pigment removal efficiency 92.4%, and the polysaccharide retention rate is 88.97%.Protein solubility is lower and polysaccharide loss is less during pH=3, is the peak optimization reaction system.The use of n-butanol also is in order to reduce the water-soluble of protein, thus crude protein product and separation of polysaccharides.Use separately the TCA method also passable herein, increase the number of times that repeats to extract.
It is 11 that the bacteria suspension of deposit B is regulated pH with the NaOH of 2mol/L, 70 ℃ of reaction 60min, cooling, adding an amount of 0.8% sodium chloride solution and the mixed liquor n-hexane of n-hexane and ethanol and the volume ratio of ethanol is 2:4, and make final n-hexane: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 2:4:1.5, concussion 10min, collect the n-hexane phase, the n-hexane that adds again initial 1/3 volume repeats twice, and n-hexane phase A adds anhydrous sodium sulfate and removes minor amount of water, reclaims solvent and obtains the uranidin such as carrotene.Thalline its crude protein content of high protein product after drying that the intermediate layer suspends is 38.7%, and 18 water solution amino acid content is abundant, can be used as be rich in albumen fully, amino acid whose composition is used as the part substitute that protein feed becomes the animal's diet feed.
Choose 5 parts of crude protein products and 5 parts of high protein products, 61 parts of corns, 3 parts of wheat brans, 20 parts of dregs of beans, 10 parts of yellow wine lees, 0.3 part of stone flour, 0.02 part of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of calcium monohydrogen phosphate and 0.02 essence.So that they fully mix, can become the pig feed of high-quality by agitating device.
Embodiment 3: select spirulina.
With the centrifugal 10min of 4000rpm/min, the removal supernatant obtains the spiral thalline, takes by weighing spiral wet thallus 0.8g in the 100ml conical flask, adds the 25ml deionized water with the spirulina zymotic fluid, 90 ℃ of heating 1.5h, cooling, centrifugal supernatant A and the precipitate A of getting.Take by weighing the 0.067g neutral proteinase, the alkali protease enzyme is lived and is 60000U/g, and the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer that adds pH=7 is settled to 100ml, gets the 20ml enzyme solutions to join in the grid algae wet thallus, and hydrolysis temperature is 42 ℃, stirs 6h, 90 ℃ of enzyme 10min that go out.Suspension after the hydrolysis is carried out centrifugal 10min under the 4000r/min, obtain supernatant B and deposit B.
Merge supernatant A and supernatant B, concentrated this supernatant mixed liquor is to 1/5 of original volume, and the 4 ℃ of concussions of cold ethanol that add 3 times of volumes mix, and leave standstill 12h, filters to get thick polysaccharide precipitation.
Get the thick polysaccharide precipitation of the water-soluble solution of 10ml, regulate pH to 3 with trichloroacetic acid, mixing leaves standstill 2h, adds the n-butanol of 15 times of trichloroacetic acid volumes, stirs, and leaves standstill 1h, and is centrifugal, and the aqueous solution reclaims polysaccharide, repeats 2 times.Polysaccharide extract rate 82.3%.Water dissolving polysaccharide carries out adsorption bleaching with the flow velocity of 2BV/h to the thick polysaccharide solution of 2.5mg/ml, records pigment removal efficiency 92.4%, and the polysaccharide retention rate is 88.97%.Protein solubility is lower and polysaccharide loss is less during pH=3, is the peak optimization reaction system.The use of n-butanol also is in order to reduce the water-soluble of protein, thus crude protein product and separation of polysaccharides.Use separately the TCA method also passable herein, increase the number of times that repeats to extract.
It is 11 that the bacteria suspension of deposit B is regulated pH with the NaOH of 2mol/L, 70 ℃ of reaction 60min, cooling, adding an amount of 0.8% sodium chloride solution and the mixed liquor n-hexane of n-hexane and ethanol and the volume ratio of ethanol is 2:4, and make final n-hexane: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 2:4:1.5, concussion 10min, collect the n-hexane phase, the n-hexane that adds again initial 1/3 volume repeats twice, and n-hexane phase A adds anhydrous sodium sulfate and removes minor amount of water, reclaims solvent and obtains the uranidin such as carrotene.Thalline its crude protein content of high protein product after drying that the intermediate layer suspends is 38.7%, and 18 water solution amino acid content is abundant, can be used as be rich in albumen fully, amino acid whose composition is used as the part substitute that protein feed becomes the animal's diet feed.
Choose 10 parts of high protein products, 65 parts of corns, 5 parts of wheat brans, 25 parts of dregs of beans, 10 parts of yellow wine lees, 0.5 part of stone flour, 0.1 part of sodium bicarbonate, 1.6 portions of calcium monohydrogen phosphates, 0.05 essence, 0.6 part of terramycin, 0.2 part of copper sulphate, 0.2 part of ferrous sulfate, 1.8 parts of zinc sulfate and 1 portion of salt.So that they fully mix, can become the pig feed of high-quality by agitating device.
The above has carried out exemplary description to the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments; obvious realization of the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of aforesaid way; as long as the various improvement of having adopted method design of the present invention and technical scheme to carry out; or without improving design of the present invention and technical scheme are directly applied to other occasion, all in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. pig feed preparation method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: little algae or little algae wet thallus are passed through hot water treatment and centrifugal treating successively, obtain supernatant A and precipitate A; Wherein, the mass ratio of hot water and little algae or little algae wet thallus is 20-30:1;
Step 2: precipitate A is passed through enzyme-added processing and centrifugal treating successively, obtains supernatant B and deposit B; Wherein, the mass ratio of precipitate A and enzyme is 40-100:1;
Step 3: will supernatant A and supernatant B concentrate after mixing, and add 4 ℃ of cold ethanol and mix more than 12 hours, mixed liquor is filtered obtains thick polysaccharide precipitation; Wherein, the cumulative volume of supernatant A and supernatant B is concentrated to 1/5-1/4 of original volume, and the volume that adds cold ethanol is concentrated rear supernatant A and supernatant B cumulative volume 3-5 times;
Step 4: the thick polysaccharide precipitation of gained is dissolved in water in the step 3, takes off albumen and processes, and is separated into albumen precipitation and Deproteinated polysaccharide solution, and albumen precipitation obtains the crude protein product by freeze drying or oven dry;
Step 5: the bacteria suspension of gained deposit B in the step 2 is regulated after the pH value is 10-12,70-80 ℃ of insulation 1-2h, then add the sodium chloride solution of 0.8% concentration and the mixed liquor of n-hexane and ethanol, finally make n-hexane: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 2:4:1.5, concussion 10min leaves standstill and is divided into three layers and is followed successively by from top to bottom: n-hexane phase A, middle thalline phase and pure water;
Step 6: be mixed and made into pig feed according to following mass ratio: thalline forms after super-dry in the middle of the crude protein product that 5-10 part step 4 obtains and/or the 5-10 part step 5 high protein product, 61-65 part corn, 1-6 part wheat bran, 12-25 part dregs of beans, 1-16 part yellow wine lees, 0.1-0.5 part stone flour, 0.01-0.1 part sodium bicarbonate, 1-1.6 part calcium monohydrogen phosphate and 0.01-0.05 part essence.
2. described pig feed preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: little algae is for being chlorella, spirulina or grid algae; Little algae wet thallus is chlorella thalline, spirulina thalline or grid phycomycete body.
3. described pig feed preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the hot water temperature in the step 1 and processing time are respectively 90-100 ℃ and 0.5-2h.
4. described pig feed preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the enzyme in the step 2 is selected from one or more combinations in neutral proteinase, alkali protease and the cellulase; Cellulose enzyme activity is 1200-1500U/g, and the neutral proteinase enzyme is lived and is 59000-60000U/g, and the work of alkali protease enzyme is 2 * 105-2.02 * 105U/g.
5. any one described pig feed preparation method in 4 according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also add trace element in the pig feed of the final gained of step 6.
6. any one described pig feed preparation method in 5 according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the mass fraction of trace element is according to following ratio: 0.4-0.6 portion of terramycin, 0.2-1.5 part copper sulphate, 0.2-1.5 part ferrous sulfate, 0.3-1.8 part zinc sulfate and 1-2 portions of salt.
7. pig feed that makes to 6 any one preparation method according to claim 1.
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| CN201210588607.7A CN103005218B (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2012-12-31 | Pig feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN201410144997.8A CN103907787B (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2012-12-31 | One boar food and preparation method thereof |
| CN201410144996.3A CN103907786B (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2012-12-31 | One boar food and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110279038A (en) * | 2019-07-06 | 2019-09-27 | 曾楚华 | One kind containing phycocyanin pannage and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103330071A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-10-02 | 凤台县盛鹏养殖有限公司 | Pig feed containing seasoning additive and preparation method thereof |
| CN107080045A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-08-22 | 甘肃凯源生物技术开发中心 | A kind of healthy pig feed of the cultivation containing chlorella and preparation method |
| CN109463557A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-03-15 | 宁国市农诚农业发展有限公司 | A kind of high protein antibacterial chicken feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN109588569A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-09 | 南京致润生物科技有限公司 | A kind of animal protein-free source pig daily ration and its application using fermented bean dregs preparation |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103907786B (en) | 2015-12-30 |
| CN103907787B (en) | 2015-12-09 |
| CN103005218B (en) | 2014-05-14 |
| CN103907786A (en) | 2014-07-09 |
| CN103907787A (en) | 2014-07-09 |
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