Summary of the invention
The present invention has designed a kind of pig feed and preparation method thereof, and the technical problem of its solution is that (1) need to be used a large amount of dregs of beans and corn in order to guarantee the protein content in existing pig feed, and is difficult for fully being absorbed by animal.(2) existing pig feed is all to come from cereal crops, does not come from algae, has caused a large amount of foodstuff wastes, is unfavorable for the demand of human survival.
In order to solve the technical problem of above-mentioned existence, the present invention has adopted following scheme:
A kind of pig feed preparation method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: micro-algae or micro-algae wet thallus are passed through to hot water treatment and centrifugal treating successively, obtain supernatant A and precipitate A; Wherein, the mass ratio of hot water and micro-algae or micro-algae wet thallus is 20-30:1;
Step 2: precipitate A is passed through enzyme-added processing and centrifugal treating successively, obtains supernatant B and deposit B; Wherein, the mass ratio of precipitate A and enzyme is 40-100:1;
Step 3: will supernatant A and supernatant B concentrate after mixing, and add 4 ℃ of cold ethanol and mix more than 12 hours, mixed liquor is filtered and obtains thick polysaccharide precipitation; Wherein, the cumulative volume of supernatant A and supernatant B is concentrated to 1/5-1/4 of original volume, and the volume that adds cold ethanol is concentrated rear supernatant A and supernatant B cumulative volume 3-5 times;
Step 4: in step 3, the thick polysaccharide precipitation of gained is dissolved in water, de-albumen processing, is separated into albumen precipitation and Deproteinated polysaccharide solution, and albumen precipitation obtains crude protein product by freeze drying or oven dry; Polysaccharide solution after de-albumen can decolour and obtain refining polysaccharide;
Step 5: after regulating pH value to be 10-12 the bacteria suspension of gained deposit B in step 2,70-80 ℃ of insulation 1-2h, then add the sodium chloride solution of 0.8% concentration and the mixed liquor of n-hexane and ethanol, finally make n-hexane: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 2:4:1.5, concussion 10min, leaves standstill and is divided into three layers and is followed successively by from top to bottom: n-hexane phase, middle thalline phase and alcohol water; N-hexane can obtain uranidin mutually;
Step 6: be mixed and made into pig feed according to following mass ratio: in the middle of the crude protein product that 5-10 part step 4 obtains and/or 5-10 part step 5, thalline is through dried high protein product, 61-65 part corn, 1-6 part wheat bran, 12-25 part dregs of beans, 1-16 part yellow wine lees, 0.1-0.5 part stone flour, 0.01-0.1 part sodium bicarbonate, 1-1.6 part calcium monohydrogen phosphate and 0.01-0.05 part essence.
Further, micro-algae is for being chlorella, spirulina or grid algae; Micro-algae wet thallus is chlorella thalline, spirulina thalline or grid phycomycete body.
Further, the hot water temperature in step 1 and processing time are respectively 90-100 ℃ and 0.5-2h.
Further, the enzyme in step 2 is selected from one or more combinations in neutral proteinase, alkali protease and cellulase; Cellulose enzyme activity is 1200-1500U/g, and neutral proteinase enzyme is lived as 59000-60000U/g, and the work of alkali protease enzyme is 2 × 10
5-2.02 × 10
5u/g.
Further, in the pig feed of the final gained of step 6, also add trace element.
Further, the mass fraction of trace element is according to following ratio: 0.4-0.6 portion of terramycin, 0.2-1.5 part copper sulphate, 0.2-1.5 part ferrous sulfate, 0.3-1.8 part zinc sulfate and 1-2 portions of salt.
This invention also comprises by above-mentioned 6 kinds of pig feeds that preparation method makes.
This pig feed and preparation method thereof, compared with traditional pig feed and preparation method thereof, has following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention by isolating crude protein product and high protein product from algae, make protein content in pig feed higher than conventional feed, for animal feeding provides enough protein, the source of this protein and algae simultaneously, thereby can reduce corn and dregs of beans use amount.
(2) pig feed of the present invention is not only applicable to in-pig, milking sow, growth pig, fattening pig and large pig, can allow their quick, healthy growths, but also reduce the cost of pig feed, because vinasse are contained in this pig feed the inside, vinasse can replace part corn, dregs of beans, saved grain, and pig also enjoys a lot to eat the feed that contains vinasse.
(3) the present invention designs and uses hot water treatment as preprocessing means, increases cell permeability, suitably destroys cell wall structure, reduces the use amount of enzyme process enzyme process action time and enzyme, by hot-water extraction and enzymolysis, obtains product polysaccharide and a small amount of crude protein.
(4) the present invention, except producing pig feed, can be decoloured in the polysaccharide solution after its by-product pint albumen and obtain refining polysaccharide.
(5) the present invention is except producing pig feed, and its byproduct n-hexane can obtain uranidin in mutually.
(6) in the present invention, increase trace element and can meet the needs of pig growth and development to various mineral matter elements, especially can make piggy ramp.
The specific embodiment
In conjunction with the following example, the present invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1: select chlorella
Chlorella zymotic fluid, with the centrifugal 10min of 4000rpm/min, is removed to supernatant and obtained chlorella wet thallus, take chlorella wet thallus 1.0g in 100ml conical flask, add 25ml deionized water, 90 ℃ of heating 1.5h, cooling, centrifugal supernatant A and the precipitate A of obtaining.Take 0.065g cellulase, 0.035g neutral proteinase, cellulose enzyme activity is 1200U/g, and neutral proteinase enzyme is lived as 60000U/g, adds the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer of pH=5, and pH=5 is the pH reaction system of optimum enzyme effect selected in experiment.Be settled to 100ml, get 25ml enzyme solutions and join in chlorella wet thallus precipitate A, hydrolysis temperature is 42 ℃, stirs 4h, 90 ℃ of enzyme 10min that go out.Suspension after hydrolysis is carried out to centrifugal 10min under 4000r/min, obtain supernatant B and deposit B.
Merge supernatant A and supernatant B, concentrated this supernatant mixed liquor, to 1/5 of original volume, adds 4 ℃ of concussions of cold ethanol of 3 times of volumes to mix, and leaves standstill 12h, filters to obtain thick polysaccharide precipitation.
Get the thick polysaccharide precipitation of the water-soluble solution of 10ml, with trichloroacetic acid adjusting pH to 3, mix, leave standstill 2h, add the n-butanol of 15 times of trichloroacetic acid volumes, stir, leave standstill 1h, centrifugal, the aqueous solution reclaims polysaccharide, repeats 2 times.Polysaccharide extract rate 82.3%.Water dissolves polysaccharide, with the flow velocity of 2BV/h, the thick polysaccharide solution of 2.5mg/ml is carried out to adsorption bleaching, records pigment removal efficiency 92.4%, and polysaccharide retention rate is 88.97%.When pH=3, protein solubility is lower and polysaccharide loss is less, is peak optimization reaction system.The use of n-butanol is also in order to reduce the water-soluble of protein, thus crude protein product and separation of polysaccharides.Use separately TCA method also passable herein, increase the number of times that repeats extraction.
It is 11 that the bacteria suspension of deposit B regulates pH with the NaOH of 2mol/L, 70 ℃ of reaction 60min, cooling, adding appropriate 0.8% sodium chloride solution and the mixed liquor n-hexane of n-hexane and ethanol and the volume ratio of ethanol is 2:4, makes final n-hexane: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 2:4:1.5, concussion 10min, collect n-hexane phase, add the n-hexane of initial 1/3 volume to repeat twice, n-hexane phase A adds anhydrous sodium sulfate and removes minor amount of water, reclaims solvent and obtains the uranidin such as carrotene again.Its crude protein content of high protein product after drying of thalline that intermediate layer suspends is 38.7%, and 18 water solution amino acid content is abundant, can be used as be rich in albumen completely, amino acid whose composition is used as protein feed becomes the part substitute of animal's diet feed.
Choose 5 parts of crude protein products, 10 parts of high protein products, 50 parts of corns, 8 parts of wheat brans and 15 parts of dregs of beans, by agitating device, they are fully mixed, can become the pig feed of high-quality.
Choose 10 parts of crude protein products, 10 parts of high protein products, 65 parts of corns, 6 parts of wheat brans, 25 parts of dregs of beans, 6 parts of yellow wine lees, 0.1 part of stone flour, 0.1 part of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of calcium monohydrogen phosphate and 0.01 part of essence.By agitating device, they are fully mixed, can become the pig feed of high-quality.
Embodiment 2: select grid algae
Grid algae zymotic fluid, with the centrifugal 10min of 4000rpm/min, is removed to supernatant and obtained grid phycomycete body, take grid algae wet thallus 1.0g in 100ml conical flask, add 25ml deionized water, 90 ℃ of heating 1.5h, cooling, centrifugal supernatant A and the precipitate A of obtaining.Take 0.075g cellulase, 0.025g alkali protease, cellulose enzyme activity is 1200U/g, the work of alkali protease enzyme is 2 × 10
5u/g, add the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer of pH=4 to be settled to 100ml, getting 25ml enzyme solutions joins in grid algae wet thallus precipitate A, hydrolysis temperature is 40 ℃, stir 4h, 90 ℃ of enzyme 10min that go out, carry out centrifugal 10min under 4000r/min by the suspension after hydrolysis, obtain supernatant B and deposit B.
Merge supernatant A and supernatant B, concentrated this supernatant mixed liquor, to 1/5 of original volume, adds 4 ℃ of concussions of cold ethanol of 3 times of volumes to mix, and leaves standstill 12h, filters to obtain thick polysaccharide precipitation.
Get the thick polysaccharide precipitation of the water-soluble solution of 10ml, with trichloroacetic acid adjusting pH to 3, mix, leave standstill 2h, add the n-butanol of 15 times of trichloroacetic acid volumes, stir, leave standstill 1h, centrifugal, the aqueous solution reclaims polysaccharide, repeats 2 times.Polysaccharide extract rate 82.3%.Water dissolves polysaccharide, with the flow velocity of 2BV/h, the thick polysaccharide solution of 2.5mg/ml is carried out to adsorption bleaching, records pigment removal efficiency 92.4%, and polysaccharide retention rate is 88.97%.When pH=3, protein solubility is lower and polysaccharide loss is less, is peak optimization reaction system.The use of n-butanol is also in order to reduce the water-soluble of protein, thus crude protein product and separation of polysaccharides.Use separately TCA method also passable herein, increase the number of times that repeats extraction.
It is 11 that the bacteria suspension of deposit B regulates pH with the NaOH of 2mol/L, 70 ℃ of reaction 60min, cooling, adding appropriate 0.8% sodium chloride solution and the mixed liquor n-hexane of n-hexane and ethanol and the volume ratio of ethanol is 2:4, makes final n-hexane: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 2:4:1.5, concussion 10min, collect n-hexane phase, add the n-hexane of initial 1/3 volume to repeat twice, n-hexane phase A adds anhydrous sodium sulfate and removes minor amount of water, reclaims solvent and obtains the uranidin such as carrotene again.Its crude protein content of high protein product after drying of thalline that intermediate layer suspends is 38.7%, and 18 water solution amino acid content is abundant, can be used as be rich in albumen completely, amino acid whose composition is used as protein feed becomes the part substitute of animal's diet feed.
Choose 5 parts of crude protein products and 5 parts of high protein products, 61 parts of corns, 3 parts of wheat brans, 20 parts of dregs of beans, 10 parts of yellow wine lees, 0.3 part of stone flour, 0.02 part of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of calcium monohydrogen phosphate and 0.02 essence.By agitating device, they are fully mixed, can become the pig feed of high-quality.
Embodiment 3: select spirulina
Spirulina zymotic fluid, with the centrifugal 10min of 4000rpm/min, is removed to supernatant and obtained spiral thalline, take spiral wet thallus 0.8g in 100ml conical flask, add 25ml deionized water, 90 ℃ of heating 1.5h, cooling, centrifugal supernatant A and the precipitate A of obtaining.Take 0.067g neutral proteinase, alkali protease enzyme is lived as 60000U/g, adds the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer of pH=7 to be settled to 100ml, gets 20ml enzyme solutions to join in grid algae wet thallus, and hydrolysis temperature is 42 ℃, stirs 6h, 90 ℃ of enzyme 10min that go out.Suspension after hydrolysis is carried out to centrifugal 10min under 4000r/min, obtain supernatant B and deposit B.
Merge supernatant A and supernatant B, concentrated this supernatant mixed liquor, to 1/5 of original volume, adds 4 ℃ of concussions of cold ethanol of 3 times of volumes to mix, and leaves standstill 12h, filters to obtain thick polysaccharide precipitation.
Get the thick polysaccharide precipitation of the water-soluble solution of 10ml, with trichloroacetic acid adjusting pH to 3, mix, leave standstill 2h, add the n-butanol of 15 times of trichloroacetic acid volumes, stir, leave standstill 1h, centrifugal, the aqueous solution reclaims polysaccharide, repeats 2 times.Polysaccharide extract rate 82.3%.Water dissolves polysaccharide, with the flow velocity of 2BV/h, the thick polysaccharide solution of 2.5mg/ml is carried out to adsorption bleaching, records pigment removal efficiency 92.4%, and polysaccharide retention rate is 88.97%.When pH=3, protein solubility is lower and polysaccharide loss is less, is peak optimization reaction system.The use of n-butanol is also in order to reduce the water-soluble of protein, thus crude protein product and separation of polysaccharides.Use separately TCA method also passable herein, increase the number of times that repeats extraction.
It is 11 that the bacteria suspension of deposit B regulates pH with the NaOH of 2mol/L, 70 ℃ of reaction 60min, cooling, adding appropriate 0.8% sodium chloride solution and the mixed liquor n-hexane of n-hexane and ethanol and the volume ratio of ethanol is 2:4, makes final n-hexane: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 2:4:1.5, concussion 10min, collect n-hexane phase, add the n-hexane of initial 1/3 volume to repeat twice, n-hexane phase A adds anhydrous sodium sulfate and removes minor amount of water, reclaims solvent and obtains the uranidin such as carrotene again.Its crude protein content of high protein product after drying of thalline that intermediate layer suspends is 38.7%, and 18 water solution amino acid content is abundant, can be used as be rich in albumen completely, amino acid whose composition is used as protein feed becomes the part substitute of animal's diet feed.
Choose 10 parts of high protein products, 65 parts of corns, 5 parts of wheat brans, 25 parts of dregs of beans, 10 parts of yellow wine lees, 0.5 part of stone flour, 0.1 part of sodium bicarbonate, 1.6 portions of calcium monohydrogen phosphates, 0.05 essence, 0.6 part of terramycin, 0.2 part of copper sulphate, 0.2 part of ferrous sulfate, 1.8 parts of zinc sulfate and 1 portion of salt.By agitating device, they are fully mixed, can become the pig feed of high-quality.
The present invention has been carried out to exemplary description above in conjunction with the embodiments; obvious realization of the present invention is not subject to the restrictions described above; as long as the various improvement that adopted method design of the present invention and technical scheme to carry out; or without improving, design of the present invention and technical scheme are directly applied to other occasion, all in protection scope of the present invention.