CN103005218B - Pig feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Pig feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103005218B CN103005218B CN201210588607.7A CN201210588607A CN103005218B CN 103005218 B CN103005218 B CN 103005218B CN 201210588607 A CN201210588607 A CN 201210588607A CN 103005218 B CN103005218 B CN 103005218B
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 21
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 21
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- FRXSZNDVFUDTIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline Chemical compound N1CCCC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 FRXSZNDVFUDTIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009514 concussion Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 101000693530 Staphylococcus aureus Staphylokinase Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000002900 Arthrospira platensis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000016425 Arthrospira platensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 5
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940082787 spirulina Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KIPLYOUQVMMOHB-MXWBXKMOSA-L [Ca++].CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@H]3C(=C([O-])[C@]2(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C1O)C(=O)c1c(O)cccc1[C@@]3(C)O.CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@H]3C(=C([O-])[C@]2(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C1O)C(=O)c1c(O)cccc1[C@@]3(C)O Chemical compound [Ca++].CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@H]3C(=C([O-])[C@]2(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C1O)C(=O)c1c(O)cccc1[C@@]3(C)O.CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@H]3C(=C([O-])[C@]2(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C1O)C(=O)c1c(O)cccc1[C@@]3(C)O KIPLYOUQVMMOHB-MXWBXKMOSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940063650 terramycin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 abstract 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 2
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003544 deproteinization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 206010010254 Concussion Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 7
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XPFJYKARVSSRHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O XPFJYKARVSSRHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001071864 Lethrinus laticaudis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002249 digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020997 lean meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008467 tissue growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a pig feed and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: sequentially carrying out hot water and centrifugal treatments on collected wet microalgae fungi so as to obtain liquid supernatant A and a precipitate A; sequentially carrying out enzyme-added and centrifugal treatments on the precipitate A so as to obtain liquid supernatant B and a precipitate B; mixing the liquid supernatant A and the liquid supernatant B, carrying out concentration on the obtained mixture, adding cooled alcohol at a temperature of 4 DEG C into the concentrated mixture, standing the obtained object more than 12 hours, and filtering the obtained liquid mixture so as to obtain a crude polysaccharide precipitate; adding water into the crude polysaccharide precipitate obtained in the step 3 to dissolve, carrying out deproteinization on the obtained product, separating the deproteinized product into a protein precipitate and a deproteinized polysaccharide solution, and carrying out freeze drying or stoving on the protein precipitate so as to obtain a crude protein product; and step 5: separating intermediate fungi containing high protein products from the precipitate B, and preparing the following raw materials into the pig feed in part by mass: 5-10 parts of the obtained crude protein product and/or 5-10 parts of dried high protein products of the intermediate fungi, 61-65 parts of corns, 1-6 parts of brans, 12-25 parts of soya bean meal, 1-16 parts of yellow wine lees, 0.1-0.5 part of mountain flour, 0.01-0.1 part of baking soda, 1-1.6 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 0.01-0.05 part of gourmet powder.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pig feed and preparation method thereof, especially a kind of can be for edible pig feed of pig, ox or sheep and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Prevailing along with scientific cultivation, people have had more deep awareness and understanding for the cultivation of domestic animal, how to improve the survival rate of domestic animal, reduce the generation of disease, and accelerate its growth rate and improve meat quality, be the urgent inquisitive problems of numerous cultivation dealers.
As everyone knows, 60 kilogram one of the body weight of pig delivered for sale for the stage of fattening, and this function of each organ, system of pig all perfect gradually in stage, and especially digestive system has had very great development, and the abilities of digestive and absorption of all feeds is all greatly improved.Nervous system and body resistance to external world also progressively improves, and this adipose tissue growth of pig vigorous in stage, but now lean meat percentage reduces, carcass quality variation.The needs of protein are more complicated, in order to obtain best fattening effect, not only to meet the demand of albumen quality, also to consider balance between must amino acid and the equilibrium of utilization rate and minerals and vitamins, if feed collocation is unreasonable, cannot meet the growth demand of large pig.
Existing pig feed is all to come from cereal crops, does not use algae as raw material, has caused a large amount of foodstuff wastes, is unfavorable for the demand of human survival.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has designed a kind of pig feed and preparation method thereof, and the technical problem of its solution is that (1) need to be used a large amount of dregs of beans and corn in order to guarantee the protein content in existing pig feed, and is difficult for fully being absorbed by animal.(2) existing pig feed is all to come from cereal crops, does not come from algae, has caused a large amount of foodstuff wastes, is unfavorable for the demand of human survival.
In order to solve the technical problem of above-mentioned existence, the present invention has adopted following scheme:
A kind of pig feed preparation method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: micro-algae or micro-algae wet thallus are passed through to hot water treatment and centrifugal treating successively, obtain supernatant A and precipitate A; Wherein, the mass ratio of hot water and micro-algae or micro-algae wet thallus is 20-30:1;
Step 2: precipitate A is passed through enzyme-added processing and centrifugal treating successively, obtains supernatant B and deposit B; Wherein, the mass ratio of precipitate A and enzyme is 40-100:1.
Step 3: will supernatant A and supernatant B concentrate after mixing, and add 4 ℃ of cold ethanol and mix more than 12 hours, mixed liquor is filtered and obtains thick polysaccharide precipitation; Wherein, the cumulative volume of supernatant A and supernatant B is concentrated to 1/5-1/4 of original volume, and the volume that adds cold ethanol is concentrated rear supernatant A and supernatant B cumulative volume 3-5 times.
Step 4: in step 3, the thick polysaccharide precipitation of gained is dissolved in water, de-albumen processing, is separated into albumen precipitation and Deproteinated polysaccharide solution, and albumen precipitation obtains crude protein product by freeze drying or oven dry; Polysaccharide solution after de-albumen can decolour and obtain refining polysaccharide.
Step 5: after regulating pH value to be 10-12 the bacteria suspension of gained deposit B in step 2,70-80 ℃ of insulation 1-2h, then add the sodium chloride solution of 0.8% concentration and the mixed liquor of n-hexane and ethanol, finally make n-hexane: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 2:4:1.5, concussion 10min, leaves standstill and is divided into three layers and is followed successively by from top to bottom: n-hexane phase, middle thalline phase and alcohol water; N-hexane can obtain uranidin mutually.
Step 6: be mixed and made into pig feed according to following mass ratio: high protein product, 61-65 part corn, 1-6 part wheat bran, 12-25 part dregs of beans, 1-16 part yellow wine lees, 0.1-0.5 part stone flour, 0.01-0.1 part sodium bicarbonate, 1-1.6 part calcium monohydrogen phosphate and 0.01-0.05 part essence that in the middle of the crude protein product that 5-10 part step 4 obtains and/or 5-10 part step 5, thalline forms after super-dry.
Further, micro-algae is for being chlorella, spirulina or grid algae; Micro-algae wet thallus is chlorella thalline, spirulina thalline or grid phycomycete body.
Further, the hot water temperature in step 1 and processing time are respectively 90-100 ℃ and 0.5-2h.
Further, the enzyme in step 2 is selected from one or more combinations in neutral proteinase, alkali protease and cellulase; Cellulose enzyme activity is 1200-1500U/g, and neutral proteinase enzyme is lived as 59000-60000U/g, and the work of alkali protease enzyme is 2 × 10
5-2.02 × 10
5u/g.。
Further, in the pig feed of the final gained of step 6, also add trace element.
Further, the mass fraction of trace element is according to following ratio: 0.4-0.6 portion of terramycin, 0.2-1.5 part copper sulphate, 0.2-1.5 part ferrous sulfate, 0.3-1.8 part zinc sulfate and 1-2 portions of salt.
This invention also comprises by above-mentioned 6 kinds of pig feeds that preparation method makes.
This pig feed and preparation method thereof, compared with traditional pig feed and preparation method thereof, has following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention by isolating crude protein product and high protein product from algae, make protein content in pig feed higher than conventional feed, for animal feeding provides enough protein, the source of this protein and algae simultaneously, thereby can reduce corn and dregs of beans use amount.
(2) pig feed of the present invention is not only applicable to in-pig, milking sow, growth pig, fattening pig and large pig, can allow their quick, healthy growths, but also reduce the cost of pig feed, because vinasse are contained in this pig feed the inside, vinasse can replace part corn, dregs of beans, saved grain, and pig also enjoys a lot to eat the feed that contains vinasse.
(3) the present invention designs and uses hot water treatment as preprocessing means, increases cell permeability, suitably destroys cell wall structure, reduces the use amount of enzyme process enzyme process action time and enzyme, by hot-water extraction and enzymolysis, obtains product polysaccharide and a small amount of crude protein.
(4) the present invention, except producing pig feed, can be decoloured in the polysaccharide solution after its by-product pint albumen and obtain refining polysaccharide.
(5) the present invention is except producing pig feed, and its byproduct n-hexane can obtain uranidin in mutually.
(6) in the present invention, increase trace element and can meet the needs of pig growth and development to various mineral matter elements, especially can make piggy ramp.
The specific embodiment
In conjunction with the following example, the present invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1: select chlorella.
Chlorella zymotic fluid, with the centrifugal 10min of 4000rpm/min, is removed to supernatant and obtained chlorella wet thallus, take chlorella wet thallus 1.0g in 100ml conical flask, add 25ml deionized water, 90 ℃ of heating 1.5h, cooling, centrifugal supernatant A and the precipitate A of obtaining.Take 0.065g cellulase, 0.035g neutral proteinase, cellulose enzyme activity is 1200U/g, and neutral proteinase enzyme is lived as 60000U/g, adds the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer of pH=5, and pH=5 is the pH reaction system of optimum enzyme effect selected in experiment.Be settled to 100ml, get 25ml enzyme solutions and join in chlorella wet thallus precipitate A, hydrolysis temperature is 42 ℃, stirs 4h, 90 ℃ of enzyme 10min that go out.Suspension after hydrolysis is carried out to centrifugal 10min under 4000r/min, obtain supernatant B and deposit B.
Merge supernatant A and supernatant B, concentrated this supernatant mixed liquor, to 1/5 of original volume, adds 4 ℃ of concussions of cold ethanol of 3 times of volumes to mix, and leaves standstill 12h, filters to obtain thick polysaccharide precipitation.
Get the thick polysaccharide precipitation of the water-soluble solution of 10ml, with trichloroacetic acid adjusting pH to 3, mix, leave standstill 2h, add the n-butanol of 15 times of trichloroacetic acid volumes, stir, leave standstill 1h, centrifugal, the aqueous solution reclaims polysaccharide, repeats 2 times.Polysaccharide extract rate 82.3%.Water dissolves polysaccharide, with the flow velocity of 2BV/h, the thick polysaccharide solution of 2.5mg/ml is carried out to adsorption bleaching, records pigment removal efficiency 92.4%, and polysaccharide retention rate is 88.97%.When pH=3, protein solubility is lower and polysaccharide loss is less, is peak optimization reaction system.The use of n-butanol is also in order to reduce the water-soluble of protein, thus crude protein product and separation of polysaccharides.Use separately TCA method also passable herein, increase the number of times that repeats extraction.
It is 11 that the bacteria suspension of deposit B regulates pH with the NaOH of 2mol/L, 70 ℃ of reaction 60min, cooling, adding appropriate 0.8% sodium chloride solution and the mixed liquor n-hexane of n-hexane and ethanol and the volume ratio of ethanol is 2:4, makes final n-hexane: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 2:4:1.5, concussion 10min, collect n-hexane phase, add the n-hexane of initial 1/3 volume to repeat twice, n-hexane phase A adds anhydrous sodium sulfate and removes minor amount of water, reclaims solvent and obtains the uranidin such as carrotene again.Its crude protein content of high protein product after drying of thalline that intermediate layer suspends is 38.7%, and 18 water solution amino acid content is abundant, can be used as be rich in albumen completely, amino acid whose composition is used as protein feed becomes the part substitute of animal's diet feed.
Choose 5 parts of crude protein products, 10 parts of high protein products, 50 parts of corns, 8 parts of wheat brans and 15 parts of dregs of beans, by agitating device, they are fully mixed, can become the pig feed of high-quality.
Choose 10 parts of crude protein products, 10 parts of high protein products, 65 parts of corns, 6 parts of wheat brans, 25 parts of dregs of beans, 6 parts of yellow wine lees, 0.1 part of stone flour, 0.1 part of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of calcium monohydrogen phosphate and 0.01 part of essence.By agitating device, they are fully mixed, can become the pig feed of high-quality.
Embodiment 2: select grid algae.
Grid algae zymotic fluid, with the centrifugal 10min of 4000rpm/min, is removed to supernatant and obtained grid phycomycete body, take grid algae wet thallus 1.0g in 100ml conical flask, add 25ml deionized water, 90 ℃ of heating 1.5h, cooling, centrifugal supernatant A and the precipitate A of obtaining.Take 0.075g cellulase, 0.025g alkali protease, cellulose enzyme activity is 1200U/g, the work of alkali protease enzyme is 2 × 10
5u/g, add the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer of pH=4 to be settled to 100ml, getting 25ml enzyme solutions joins in grid algae wet thallus precipitate A, hydrolysis temperature is 40 ℃, stir 4h, 90 ℃ of enzyme 10min that go out, carry out centrifugal 10min under 4000r/min by the suspension after hydrolysis, obtain supernatant B and deposit B.
Merge supernatant A and supernatant B, concentrated this supernatant mixed liquor, to 1/5 of original volume, adds 4 ℃ of concussions of cold ethanol of 3 times of volumes to mix, and leaves standstill 12h, filters to obtain thick polysaccharide precipitation.
Get the thick polysaccharide precipitation of the water-soluble solution of 10ml, with trichloroacetic acid adjusting pH to 3, mix, leave standstill 2h, add the n-butanol of 15 times of trichloroacetic acid volumes, stir, leave standstill 1h, centrifugal, the aqueous solution reclaims polysaccharide, repeats 2 times.Polysaccharide extract rate 82.3%.Water dissolves polysaccharide, with the flow velocity of 2BV/h, the thick polysaccharide solution of 2.5mg/ml is carried out to adsorption bleaching, records pigment removal efficiency 92.4%, and polysaccharide retention rate is 88.97%.When pH=3, protein solubility is lower and polysaccharide loss is less, is peak optimization reaction system.The use of n-butanol is also in order to reduce the water-soluble of protein, thus crude protein product and separation of polysaccharides.Use separately TCA method also passable herein, increase the number of times that repeats extraction.
It is 11 that the bacteria suspension of deposit B regulates pH with the NaOH of 2mol/L, 70 ℃ of reaction 60min, cooling, adding appropriate 0.8% sodium chloride solution and the mixed liquor n-hexane of n-hexane and ethanol and the volume ratio of ethanol is 2:4, makes final n-hexane: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 2:4:1.5, concussion 10min, collect n-hexane phase, add the n-hexane of initial 1/3 volume to repeat twice, n-hexane phase A adds anhydrous sodium sulfate and removes minor amount of water, reclaims solvent and obtains the uranidin such as carrotene again.Its crude protein content of high protein product after drying of thalline that intermediate layer suspends is 38.7%, and 18 water solution amino acid content is abundant, can be used as be rich in albumen completely, amino acid whose composition is used as protein feed becomes the part substitute of animal's diet feed.
Choose 5 parts of crude protein products and 5 parts of high protein products, 61 parts of corns, 3 parts of wheat brans, 20 parts of dregs of beans, 10 parts of yellow wine lees, 0.3 part of stone flour, 0.02 part of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of calcium monohydrogen phosphate and 0.02 essence.By agitating device, they are fully mixed, can become the pig feed of high-quality.
Embodiment 3: select spirulina.
Spirulina zymotic fluid, with the centrifugal 10min of 4000rpm/min, is removed to supernatant and obtained spiral thalline, take spiral wet thallus 0.8g in 100ml conical flask, add 25ml deionized water, 90 ℃ of heating 1.5h, cooling, centrifugal supernatant A and the precipitate A of obtaining.Take 0.067g neutral proteinase, alkali protease enzyme is lived as 60000U/g, adds the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer of pH=7 to be settled to 100ml, gets 20ml enzyme solutions to join in grid algae wet thallus, and hydrolysis temperature is 42 ℃, stirs 6h, 90 ℃ of enzyme 10min that go out.Suspension after hydrolysis is carried out to centrifugal 10min under 4000r/min, obtain supernatant B and deposit B.
Merge supernatant A and supernatant B, concentrated this supernatant mixed liquor, to 1/5 of original volume, adds 4 ℃ of concussions of cold ethanol of 3 times of volumes to mix, and leaves standstill 12h, filters to obtain thick polysaccharide precipitation.
Get the thick polysaccharide precipitation of the water-soluble solution of 10ml, with trichloroacetic acid adjusting pH to 3, mix, leave standstill 2h, add the n-butanol of 15 times of trichloroacetic acid volumes, stir, leave standstill 1h, centrifugal, the aqueous solution reclaims polysaccharide, repeats 2 times.Polysaccharide extract rate 82.3%.Water dissolves polysaccharide, with the flow velocity of 2BV/h, the thick polysaccharide solution of 2.5mg/ml is carried out to adsorption bleaching, records pigment removal efficiency 92.4%, and polysaccharide retention rate is 88.97%.When pH=3, protein solubility is lower and polysaccharide loss is less, is peak optimization reaction system.The use of n-butanol is also in order to reduce the water-soluble of protein, thus crude protein product and separation of polysaccharides.Use separately TCA method also passable herein, increase the number of times that repeats extraction.
It is 11 that the bacteria suspension of deposit B regulates pH with the NaOH of 2mol/L, 70 ℃ of reaction 60min, cooling, adding appropriate 0.8% sodium chloride solution and the mixed liquor n-hexane of n-hexane and ethanol and the volume ratio of ethanol is 2:4, makes final n-hexane: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 2:4:1.5, concussion 10min, collect n-hexane phase, add the n-hexane of initial 1/3 volume to repeat twice, n-hexane phase A adds anhydrous sodium sulfate and removes minor amount of water, reclaims solvent and obtains the uranidin such as carrotene again.Its crude protein content of high protein product after drying of thalline that intermediate layer suspends is 38.7%, and 18 water solution amino acid content is abundant, can be used as be rich in albumen completely, amino acid whose composition is used as protein feed becomes the part substitute of animal's diet feed.
Choose 10 parts of high protein products, 65 parts of corns, 5 parts of wheat brans, 25 parts of dregs of beans, 10 parts of yellow wine lees, 0.5 part of stone flour, 0.1 part of sodium bicarbonate, 1.6 portions of calcium monohydrogen phosphates, 0.05 essence, 0.6 part of terramycin, 0.2 part of copper sulphate, 0.2 part of ferrous sulfate, 1.8 parts of zinc sulfate and 1 portion of salt.By agitating device, they are fully mixed, can become the pig feed of high-quality.
The present invention has been carried out to exemplary description above in conjunction with the embodiments; obvious realization of the present invention is not subject to the restrictions described above; as long as the various improvement that adopted method design of the present invention and technical scheme to carry out; or without improving, design of the present invention and technical scheme are directly applied to other occasion, all in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a pig feed preparation method, comprises the following steps: step 1: micro-algae wet thallus is passed through to hot water treatment and centrifugal treating successively, obtain supernatant A and precipitate A; Wherein, the mass ratio of hot water and micro-algae wet thallus is 20-30:1; Step 2: precipitate A is passed through enzyme-added processing and centrifugal treating successively, obtains supernatant B and deposit B; Wherein, the mass ratio of precipitate A and enzyme is 40-100:1; Step 3: will supernatant A and supernatant B concentrate after mixing, and add 4 ℃ of cold ethanol and mix more than 12 hours, mixed liquor is filtered and obtains thick polysaccharide precipitation; Wherein, the cumulative volume of supernatant A and supernatant B is concentrated to 1/5-1/4 of original volume, and the volume that adds cold ethanol is concentrated rear supernatant A and supernatant B cumulative volume 3-5 times; Step 4: in step 3, the thick polysaccharide precipitation of gained is dissolved in water, de-albumen processing, is separated into albumen precipitation and Deproteinated polysaccharide solution, and albumen precipitation obtains crude protein product by freeze drying or oven dry; Step 5: after regulating pH value to be 10-12 the bacteria suspension of gained deposit B in step 2,70-80 ℃ of insulation 1-2h, then add the sodium chloride solution of 0.8% concentration and the mixed liquor of n-hexane and ethanol, finally make n-hexane: ethanol: the volume ratio of water is 2:4:1.5, concussion 10min, leaves standstill and is divided into three layers and is followed successively by from top to bottom: n-hexane phase A, middle thalline phase and alcohol water; Step 6: be mixed and made into pig feed according to following mass ratio: high protein product, 61-65 part corn, 1-6 part wheat bran, 12-25 part dregs of beans, 1-16 part yellow wine lees, 0.1-0.5 part stone flour, 0.01-0.1 part sodium bicarbonate, 1-1.6 part calcium monohydrogen phosphate and 0.01-0.05 part essence that in the middle of the crude protein product that 5-10 part step 4 obtains and/or 5-10 part step 5, thalline forms after super-dry.
2. pig feed preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: micro-algae wet thallus is chlorella thalline, spirulina thalline or grid phycomycete body.
3. pig feed preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the hot water temperature in step 1 and processing time are respectively 90-100 ℃ and 0.5-2h.
4. pig feed preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the enzyme in step 2 is selected from one or more combinations in neutral proteinase, alkali protease and cellulase; Cellulose enzyme activity is 1200-1500U/g, and neutral proteinase enzyme is lived as 59000-60000U/g, and the work of alkali protease enzyme is 2 × 10
5-2.02 × 10
5u/g.
5. according to the preparation method of pig feed described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the pig feed of the final gained of step 6, also add trace element.
6. according to the preparation method of pig feed described in claim 5, it is characterized in that: the mass fraction of trace element is according to following ratio: 0.4-0.6 portion of terramycin, 0.2-1.5 part copper sulphate, 0.2-1.5 part ferrous sulfate, 0.3-1.8 part zinc sulfate and 1-2 portions of salt.
7. the pig feed making according to any one preparation method of claim 1 to 6.
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| CN107080045A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-08-22 | 甘肃凯源生物技术开发中心 | A kind of healthy pig feed of the cultivation containing chlorella and preparation method |
| CN109463557A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-03-15 | 宁国市农诚农业发展有限公司 | A kind of high protein antibacterial chicken feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN109588569A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-09 | 南京致润生物科技有限公司 | A kind of animal protein-free source pig daily ration and its application using fermented bean dregs preparation |
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