CN103000626A - 合成结构的高压器件及启动电路 - Google Patents

合成结构的高压器件及启动电路 Download PDF

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CN103000626A
CN103000626A CN2012104928744A CN201210492874A CN103000626A CN 103000626 A CN103000626 A CN 103000626A CN 2012104928744 A CN2012104928744 A CN 2012104928744A CN 201210492874 A CN201210492874 A CN 201210492874A CN 103000626 A CN103000626 A CN 103000626A
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switching tube
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CN103000626B (zh
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李照华
林道明
赵春波
胡乔
戴文芳
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Shenzhen Mingwei Electronic Co Ltd
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Priority to US14/357,492 priority patent/US9385186B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2013/081159 priority patent/WO2014082469A1/zh
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Abstract

本发明实施例提出了一种合成结构的高压器件,包括高压功率管HVNMOS和JFET管,所述高压功率管HVNMOS管包括漏极、源极、栅极和衬底,导电沟道为源极和漏极之间的P型阱区Pwell;所述JFET管包括漏极、源极、栅极和衬底,导电沟道为源极和漏极之间的N型阱区Nwell;所述高压功率管HVNMOS和所述JFET管共用相同的漏极,所述漏极采用N型双扩散工艺。本发明实施例还提出了一种采用上述合成结构的高压器件的启动电路。本发明实施例提出的上述方案,通过合成的高压器件结构,有效的节省了芯片的面积,降低芯片的成本。

Description

合成结构的高压器件及启动电路
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体器件技术领域,具体而言,本发明涉及合成结构的高压器件及启动电路。
背景技术
在AC/DC开关电源应用领域中,控制器芯片需要一个启动电路为其提供开启所需要的电压,在传统应用中,启动电路是从整流桥输出端串接大电阻到控制器的电源端,整流桥输出端通过大电阻给控制器芯片的旁路电容充电,当其达到启动电压之后,控制器启动,系统开始正常工作。当启动完成之后,电源端所需能量主要是靠辅助绕组给控制器芯片提供。控制器芯片正常工作之后,启动电路的电阻仍然消耗一定的功率,严重的影响了系统的整体效率。解决这个问题的一种方法是降低控制器芯片的启动电流,加大启动电阻值。但由于启动电阻较大,启动电流相应的减小,从而延长了启动时间。另外的一个方法是在控制器芯片内部集成启动电路,在控制器芯片启动完成,系统正常工作之后,关闭启动电路,去除启动电路对开关电源系统整体效率的影响。
控制器芯片内部集成启动电路,其过程要完成从高压到低压的转换才能向控制器芯片供电,其不可避免的加大芯片的面积,如何有效减少控制器芯片面积而又不影响控制器芯片的启动要求,这是内部集成启动电路的面临必须要解决的关键问题。在控制器芯片内部也集成高压功率MOS的电源芯片中,其问题更加突出,芯片的面积很大,导致芯片成本增加。
此外,由于现代开关电源对于降低功耗的要求与日俱增,而且绿色开关电源是所有应用所必需的,而不仅是过去所指的手持式和电池供电系统,因此在保护环境生态的大前提下,降低电力线供电系统及电池供电系统的能耗都是必不可少的,对中国来说,这更可以带来特别的优点:降低燃煤发电站的负荷。这就不仅要求电源芯片控制核心具备低功耗特性,而且还要求它具备一些能进一步降低系统功耗的特性。
因此,有必要提出有效的技术方案,解决现有技术中开关电源芯片设计的难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在至少解决上述技术缺陷之一,特别是通过合成的高压器件结构,有效的节省了芯片的面积,降低芯片的成本。
本发明实施例提出了一种合成结构的高压器件,包括高压功率MOS管(简称HVNMOS管)和JFET管,
所述HVNMOS管包括漏极、源极、栅极和衬底,导电沟道为源极和漏极之间的P型阱区Pwell;
所述JFET管包括漏极、源极、栅极和衬底,导电沟道为源极和漏极之间的N型阱区Nwell;
所述HVNMOS管和所述JFET管共用相同的漏极(也称漏极端或漏端)。所述漏极采用N型双扩散工艺。
进一步而言,所述衬底上还包括掩埋层Bury P和深N型阱区DeepNwell,用于提高器件的耐压值和可靠性。
本发明实施例还提出了一种采用上述合成结构的高压器件的启动电路,所述启动电路包括负阈值开关管、使能模块、防倒灌模块以及电压检测模块,其中,负阈值开关管采用上述合成结构的高压器件;
上述合成结构的高压器件中的JFET器件的漏极、源极和栅极分别为所述负阈值开关管的输入端、输出端和控制端;
高压输入信号接入所述负阈值开关管的输入端,负阈值开关管的输出端接防倒灌模块的输入端,负阈值开关管的控制端接使能模块的输出端,使能模块的输入端接电压检测模块的输出端,电压检测模块的输入端和芯片的电源端共接于防倒灌模块的输出端;
所述高压输入信号接入所述负阈值开关管的输入端,通过负阈值开关管向芯片的电源端VDD提供能量,所述电压检测模块检测芯片的电源端VDD的电压值,当电源端VDD的电压值达到芯片预定工作电压时,所述芯片启动,同时所述电压检测模块输出使能信号EN;
所述使能模块接收所述使能信号EN,使得所述负阈值开关管截止,关闭所述负阈值开关管;
所述防倒灌模块使得所述负阈值开关管的输入端与芯片的电源端VDD之间单向导通,防止VDD端的电流倒流回开关管的输入端。
本发明实施例提出的上述方案,通过合成的高压器件结构,有效的节省了芯片的面积,降低芯片的成本。采用本发明提出的高压器件结构,芯片正常工作后启动电路关闭,这不仅大大降低了低功耗系统实现的难度,提高了电源系统的转换效率,同时能有效节省电路元件(启动电阻),提高了集成度。此外,本发明提出的上述方案,对现有的电路系统的改动很小,不会影响系统的兼容性,而且实现简单、高效。
本发明附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,这些将从下面的描述中变得明显,或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明上述的和/或附加的方面和优点从下面结合附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解,其中:
图1为高压功率管HVNMOS的剖面示意图;
图2为高压启动器件JFET的剖面示意图;
图3为本发明实施例合成的高压器件结构的剖面示意图;
图4为采用本结构前后芯片版图面积的对比示意图;
图5为本发明实施例启动电路的功能框图;
图6为本发明实施例具体启动电路示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例,所述实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的,仅用于解释本发明,而不能解释为对本发明的限制。
文中及附图中的P-substrate表示P型衬底层,Pwell表示P型阱区;Bury P表示P型埋层;Deep Nwell表示深N型阱区;Nwell表示N型阱区;LV Nwell表示低压N型阱区;P+表示P型高浓度注入,N+表示N型高浓度注入,Sub表示衬底连接端,Source表示器件的源端,Drain表示器件的漏端,Gate表示器件的栅极;HVNMOS表示高压功率MOS管,JFET表示结型场效应管;J-Source表示结型场效应管的源端;J-Gate表示结型场效应管的栅极;LV-MOS表示低压MOS器件。
为了实现本发明之目的,本发明实施例提出了一种合成结构的高压器件,包括HVNMOS管和JFET管,
所述HVNMOS管包括漏极、源极、栅极和衬底,导电沟道为源极和漏极之间的P型阱区Pwell;
所述JFET管包括漏极、源极、栅极和衬底,导电沟道为源极和漏极之间的N型阱区Nwell;
所述HVNMOS管和所述JFET管共用相同的漏极,所述漏极采用N型双扩散工艺。
进一步而言,衬底上还包括掩埋层Bury P和深N型阱区Deep Nwell,用于提高器件的耐压值和可靠性。
本发明中的HVNMOS管通常指的是耐高压为700V以上的功率MOS管。
下面结合附图,对本发明提出的上述结构作详细说明。
本发明依据目前高压700V工艺的特点,结合高压功率器件与器件JFET的结构特点,提出一种优化的可行的器件结构,将其应用到小功率的开关电源控制器芯片上,实现了高集成、高性能和低成本的控制器芯片。
图1为高压功率管HVNMOS的剖面示意图,包含漏极Drain、源极Source、栅极Gate和衬底Sub共4个端口,导电沟道为源极和漏极之间的P型阱区Pwell。其结构与正常的低压MOS管结构相似,区别在于漏极采用N型双扩散工艺,并增加了掩埋层Bury P和深N型阱区Deep Nwell,它们的作用主要是提高器件的耐压值和可靠性,降低寄生器件对器件的影响。
该高压功率管HVNMOS为增强型结构,即当高压功率管HVNMOS的栅极与源极之间的电压Vgs大于某个阈值的时候HVNMOS管导通,电子从源极经导电沟道到达漏极形成电流;当Vgs小于阈值的时候HVNMOS管截止。
图2为高压启动器件JFET的剖面示意图,包含漏极Drain、源极Source、栅极Gate和衬底Sub共4个端口,其结构与高压功率管HVNMOS结构图1相似,也有掩埋层Bury P和深N型阱区Deep Nwell,它们的作用主要是提高器件的耐压值和可靠性,降低寄生器件对器件的影响。区别在于导电沟道为源极和漏极之间的N型阱区Nwell。当初始的栅源电压差为零时,高压JFET是导通的,栅源电压之间需要较大的负阈值电压才能使其截止。
由于高压JFET具有负阈值关闭和耐高压的特性,可直接将JFET的漏极与源极分别连接高压输入信号和芯片内部的中低压电路,稍加简单控制即可实现在芯片内部集成启动电路,经实验证明此方法在实际芯片设计中获得很好的性能,是一种切实可行的方案。
通过对比高压JFET与高压功率管HVNMOS的工艺结构(图1和图2)发现,它们的结构非常的相似,漏极结构相同,因此完全可以共享一个漏极,只需将高压功率管HVNMOS漏极下面的N阱向外再扩展一下,同时再引出JFET的源极和栅极,即可制造出一个高压JFET器件。
通过前面的深入分析,本发明提出的结构的剖面图如图3所示,包含两部分,左边为高压功率管HVNMOS结构,右边为启动电路所需的JFET结构,它们共享漏端Drain,有效的减少由于启动电路带来的芯片面积。
在实际运用中,在控制器芯片启动之前,高压JFET处于导通状态,给控制器芯片电源端的电容充电,而高压功率管HVNMOS保持截止;一旦控制器芯片达到其启动电压之后,芯片内部逻辑就将高压JFET截止,此时高压功率管HVNMOS的导通和截止由控制器芯片根据工作状态决定,因此高压功率管HVNMOS和高压JFET的漏极共享对其本身工作互不相影响。同时,由于启动电路在芯片启动之后就关闭,所以还减少了启动电路对系统效率的影响,有利于提高系统的工作效率。
另外,通常高压功率管HVNMOS的导通电流较大,版图面积很大,由多个高压功率管HVNMOS并联而成,由于共用漏极,所以JFET也可以做很大,故启动电路提供的电流很大,可以快速启动控制器芯片。
图4显示了采用本结构前后芯片版图面积的对比示意图,若高压功率管HVNMOS和低压模块(简称为LV-MOS)保持一致,采用本发明的结构使启动电路部分面积大大的缩减了(即阴影部分面积),有效的节省了芯片的面积。在追求芯片高性能、高集成度和低成本的今天,减少芯片面积是降低芯片成本的一个重要因素。
本发明实施例还提出了一种使用上述合成结构的高压器件的启动电路,包括负阈值开关管、使能模块、防倒灌模块以及电压检测模块,其中,负阈值开关管采用上述合成结构的高压器件。
上述合成结构的高压器件中的JFET器件的漏极、源极和栅极分别为负阈值开关管的输入端、输出端和控制端。
高压输入信号接入负阈值开关管的输入端,负阈值开关管的输出端接防倒灌模块的输入端,负阈值开关管的控制端接使能模块的输出端,使能模块的输入端接电压检测模块的输出端,电压检测模块的输入端和芯片的电源端共接于防倒灌模块的输出端。
启动电路的高电压输入端通过负阈值开关管向芯片的电源端VDD提供能量,电压检测模块检测芯片的电源端VDD的电压值,当电源端VDD的电压值达到芯片预定工作电压时,芯片启动,同时电压检测模块输出使能信号EN;
使能模块接收使能信号EN,使得负阈值开关管截止,关闭负阈值开关管;
防倒灌模块使得负阈值开关管的输入端与芯片的电源端VDD之间单向导通。
如图5所示,为本发明提出的启动电路的功能框图。本发明电路由一个负阈值开关管10、使能模块13、防倒灌模块11和电压检测模块12组成。所高电压输入信号通过负阈值开关管10向芯片的电源端VDD提供能量,电压检测模块12检测芯片的电源端VDD的电压值,当芯片的电源端VDD的电压值达到芯片预定工作电压时,芯片启动,同时电压检测模块12输出使能信号EN;
使能模块13接收使能信号EN,使得负阈值开关管截止,关闭负阈值开关管10;
防倒灌模块11使得负阈值开关管的输入端与芯片的电源端VDD之间单向导通。防止负阈值开关管10输入端电压降低时,VDD的电流倒流回负阈值开关管的输入端。
进一步而言,图6是本发明的一个具体电路实现的举例,负阈值开关管10包括JFET器件JFET0。高压输入信号接入JFET0的漏端,JFET0的源端接防倒灌模块的输入端,JFET0的栅极接使能模块13的输出端VG。
防倒灌模块11包括二极管D1,二极管D1的阳极是防倒灌模块11的输入端;二极管D1的阴极是防倒灌模块11的输出端,接控制器芯片的电源端VDD和电压检测模块12的输入端。
电压检测模块12包括电阻R1,电阻R2,迟滞比较器COM1,带隙基准电路BG1。电压检测模块12的输入端是控制器芯片的电源端VDD,接电阻R1的第一端,电阻R1的第二端、电阻R2的第一端共接于迟滞电压比较器COM1的反相输入端VC,电阻R2的第二端接地。迟滞电压比较器COM1的第一正相基准输入端VRH、第二正相基准输入端VRL电压可由带隙基准电路产生。迟滞电压比较器COM1的输出端为电压检测模块12的输出端,输出使能信号EN。
使能模块13包括反相器INV1,反相器INV2,PMOS管M1,NMOS管M2。反相器INV1的输入端与反相器INV2的输入端共接,作为使能模块13的输入端接电压检测模块12的输出端。反相器INV1的输出端接PMOS管M1的栅极,PMOS管M1的源端接控制器芯片的电源端VDD,PMOS管M1的漏端与NMOS管M2的漏端作为使能模块13的输出端,其连接到JFET的栅极。反相器INV2的输出端接NMOS管M2的栅极,NMOS管M2的源端接地。
控制器芯片启动之初,芯片电源端VDD电压值为零电平,电阻R1,R2和一个电压比较器形成了芯片的供电电压检测模块12,芯片刚上电时,因为负阈值开关管的阈值电压为负值,所以负阈值开关管JFET0导通,VDD的电压开始上升,图中所示的电压VC也跟随上升,当VC大于>VRH时,迟滞电压比较器输出使能信号EN从高电平翻转为低电平,该使能信号通过反相器INV1和INV2分别打开NMOS管M2,关闭PMOS管M1,那么,负阈值开关管JFET0的栅极被拉低,JFET0关闭,此时负阈值开关管的栅源电压为负,负阈值开关管被关闭。同时由于JFET0与高压功率HVNMOS管共用了漏极,当高压功率管HVNMOS管作为控制器芯片的开关器件时,漏极电压会有高低电平的切换,为了防止JFET0漏端电压降低时,VDD电流倒流回JFET0漏端,所以电路中加入了防倒灌模块,当负阈值开关管JFET0漏端电压降低时,防止了电源端VDD的电流倒流回负阈值开关管JFET0漏端,实现单向导通。
显然,上述具体电路中,负阈值开关管包括但不限于耗尽型场效应管、结型场效应管等开启电压阈值为负值的N型器件;电压检测模块包括但不限于使用分压电阻和电压比较器实现;使能模块包括但不限于使用反相器和MOS管的电路实现,只要能令负阈值开关管器件的栅源电压为负,关闭负阈值开关管器件即可。
本发明实施例提出的上述方案,通过在启动电路中引入负阈值开关管,使得启动电路在启动的过程中才有启动电流流入,芯片正常工作后启动电路关闭,这不仅大大降低了低功耗系统实现的难度,提高了电源系统的转换效率,同时能有效节省电路元件(启动电阻)。此外,本发明提出的上述方案,对现有的电路系统的改动很小,不会影响系统的兼容性,而且实现简单、高效。
虽然关于示例实施例及其优点已经详细说明,应当理解在不脱离本发明的精神和所附权利要求限定的保护范围的情况下,可以对这些实施例进行各种变化、替换和修改。对于其他例子,本领域的普通技术人员应当容易理解在保持本发明保护范围内的同时,工艺步骤的次序可以变化。
此外,本发明的应用范围不局限于说明书中描述的特定实施例的工艺、机构、制造、物质组成、手段、方法及步骤。从本发明的公开内容,作为本领域的普通技术人员将容易地理解,对于目前已存在或者以后即将开发出的工艺、机构、制造、物质组成、手段、方法或步骤,其中它们执行与本发明描述的对应实施例大体相同的功能或者获得大体相同的结果,依照本发明可以对它们进行应用。
因此,本发明所附权利要求旨在将这些工艺、机构、制造、物质组成、手段、方法或步骤包含在其保护范围内。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种合成结构的高压器件,其特征在于,包括高压功率管HVNMOS和JFET管,
所述高压功率管HVNMOS包括漏极、源极、栅极和衬底,导电沟道为源极和漏极之间的P型阱区Pwell;
所述JFET管包括漏极、源极、栅极和衬底,导电沟道为源极和漏极之间的N型阱区Nwell;
所述高压功率管HVNMOS和所述JFET管共用相同的漏极,所述漏极采用N型双扩散工艺。
2.如权利要求1所述的合成结构的高压器件,其特征在于,所述衬底上还包括掩埋层Bury P和深N型阱区Deep Nwell,用于提高器件的耐压值和可靠性。
3.一种启动电路,其特征在于,包括负阈值开关管、使能模块、防倒灌模块以及电压检测模块,
高压输入信号接入所述负阈值开关管的输入端,负阈值开关管的输出端接防倒灌模块的输入端,负阈值开关管的控制端接使能模块的输出端,使能模块的输入端接电压检测模块的输出端,电压检测模块的输入端和芯片的电源端共接于防倒灌模块的输出端,所述高压输入信号接入所述负阈值开关管的输入端,通过负阈值开关管向芯片的电源端VDD提供能量,所述电压检测模块检测芯片的电源端VDD的电压值,当电源端VDD的电压值达到芯片预定工作电压时,所述芯片启动,同时所述电压检测模块输出使能信号EN;
所述使能模块接收所述使能信号EN,使得所述负阈值开关管截止,关闭所述负阈值开关管;
所述防倒灌模块使得所述负阈值开关管的输入端与芯片的电源端VDD之间单向导通,防止VDD端的电流倒流回开关管的输入端。
4.如权利要求3所述的启动电路,其特征在于,所述负阈值开关管包括开启电压阈值为负值的N型半导体器件,所述负值的N型半导体器件的漏极、源极和栅极分别为所述负阈值开关管的输入端、输出端和控制端。
5.如权利要求4所述的启动电路,其特征在于,所述负阈值开关管包括耗尽型场效应管或结型场效应管。
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