CN102960423A - Special compound preservative for fish - Google Patents
Special compound preservative for fish Download PDFInfo
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- CN102960423A CN102960423A CN2012105307106A CN201210530710A CN102960423A CN 102960423 A CN102960423 A CN 102960423A CN 2012105307106 A CN2012105307106 A CN 2012105307106A CN 201210530710 A CN201210530710 A CN 201210530710A CN 102960423 A CN102960423 A CN 102960423A
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Abstract
The invention provides a special compound preservative for fish and belongs to the technical field of preservation of aquatic products. The special compound preservative is characterized by comprising the following substances in parts by weight of: 15-25 parts of ginkgo leaf general flavone extractive, 10-18 parts of sensitive plant general flavone extractive, 25-35 parts of grapefruit general flavone extractive and 12-50 parts of chrysanthemum general flavone extractive. The special compound preservative for the fish has the preservation and anti-corrosion effects and can delay the speed of decaying and deteriorating foods; and meanwhile, a layer of uniform thin film is formed on the surface of the fish treated by using the preservative, is non-toxic and edible, and can prolong the preservation period. The machining method is simple and the equipment investment is small; a raw material source is guaranteed; the special compound preservative is safe and natural; the production cost is low; and as the fish is preserved through using the preservation method, the the freshness, flavor and texture of the preserved fish are similar to those of live fish within 55-65 days.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preservation of fishery technical field, be specifically related to a kind of flesh of fish specific complex antistaling agent.
Background technology
The flesh of fish has following several Storage Sales Channels at present: adopt on a small quantity the keep-alive shipping to be passed to the destination and sell; Part adopts chilled preservation, namely in bubble chamber, one deck trash ice, one deck fish carry out freshness seal FCL packing, the fresh-keeping fish of general this mode mainly enters supermarket and food market, 3-4 days freshnesses of fresh-keeping road transportation in winter like this are all right, carry out 0-4 ℃ of refrigeration if put bubble chamber into freezer, the index of fish freshness after 13-14 days still can reach one-level, but surpasses this time limit difficult quality guarantee; The fish of harvesting is transported to processing factory and adopts and to process slivering after the plating water glaze and freeze product, enters freezer cold storage, the sale of selecting a good opportunity; Minute quantity is processed into dry product sells, and the general salt content of dried product is high, but has lacked the fresh and tender texture of fresh fish muscle itself, does not meet natural, green, the healthy demand of modern diet consumption.Above-mentioned Storage can not guarantee that all the long period guarantees freshness, local flavor and the texture of fresh fish.
The natural flavone compounds is that a class extensively is present in botanic important bioactivator, mainly is present in Rutaceae, Labiatae, pulse family, Umbelliferae, Ginkgoaceae, the feverfew.According to the study, have approximately in 20% the Chinese herbal medicine and contain flavone compound, as seen its resource is abundant.Flavone compound not only has wide medicinal application prospect, also is widely natural inhibitor, anticorrisive agent of application prospect, has good development and application values.
Summary of the invention
For the problem that prior art exists, the object of the invention is to design provides a kind of technical scheme of oppressing the specific complex antistaling agent, its Nantural non-toxic, and good refreshing effect is used safety.
Described a kind of flesh of fish specific complex antistaling agent is characterized in that containing the following material of weight content: 15～25 parts of ginkgo leaf total flavonoid extracts, 10～18 parts of sensitive plant extractive of general flavone, 25～35 parts of shaddock extractive of general flavone, 12～50 parts of chrysanthemum total flavone extracts.
Described a kind of flesh of fish specific complex antistaling agent, it is characterized in that: the parts by weight of ginkgo leaf total flavonoid extract are 18～22 parts, and the parts by weight of sensitive plant extractive of general flavone are that 12～15 parts, the parts by weight of shaddock extractive of general flavone are that 28～30 parts, the parts by weight of chrysanthemum total flavone extract are 25～35 parts.
Described a kind of flesh of fish specific complex antistaling agent is characterized in that described ginkgo leaf total flavonoid extract adopts the following methods preparation:
1) the ginkgo leaf pulverizing is broken into meal, cross 20～30 mesh sieves;
2) diacolation extracts: the ginkgo leaf meal is packed in the percolator, after soaking 10-15 hour with 70% hydrous ethanol, carry out the diacolation extraction with 75% hydrous ethanol, if raw material weight be 1kg then the consumption of hydrous ethanol be the 10-15 liter, flow velocity is 5-6mL/min, collects percolate;
3) flash concentration: 80～85 ℃ of bath temperatures, vacuum is 0.092 Mpa with percolate, and the feed liquor flow velocity is that to carry out vacuum film under the condition of 200～300mLmin-1 concentrated, and Recycled ethanol obtains every mL liquid and amounts to the concentrate that contains the 1.5g raw material;
4) macroporous resin adsorption purifying: the concentrate that obtains is passed through the macroporous absorbent resin separation and concentration, water, 10% hydrous ethanol, 25% hydrous ethanol, 35% hydrous ethanol, 45% hydrous ethanol, 55% hydrous ethanol, 70% hydrous ethanol carry out gradient elution successively, use at last 70% acetone wash-out, collect respectively each position eluent of 3 times of column volumes, collect the eluent at merging, 25% hydrous ethanol, 35% hydrous ethanol, 45% hydrous ethanol and 55% each position of hydrous ethanol, eluent vacuum film concentrate drying with merging namely gets ginkgo leaf total flavonoid extract dry powder.
Described a kind of flesh of fish specific complex antistaling agent is characterized in that step 2) described in the sensitive plant extractive of general flavone adopt the following methods preparation:
1) the sensitive plant pulverizing medicinal materials is broken into meal, cross 20 mesh sieves;
2) diacolation extracts: the sensitive plant meal is packed in the percolator, after soaking 12～15 hours with 65% hydrous ethanol, carry out the diacolation extraction with 75% hydrous ethanol, if raw material weight be 1kg then the consumption of hydrous ethanol be 15 liters, flow velocity is 5～6mL/min, collects percolate;
3) flash concentration: 75～80 ℃ of bath temperatures, vacuum is 0.095 Mpa with percolate, and the feed liquor flow velocity is 250～300mLmin
-1Condition under to carry out vacuum film concentrated, Recycled ethanol obtains every mL liquid and amounts to the concentrate that contains the 1.5g raw material;
4) macroporous resin adsorption purifying: the concentrate that obtains is passed through the macroporous absorbent resin separation and concentration, water, 20% hydrous ethanol, 30% hydrous ethanol, 40% hydrous ethanol, 50% hydrous ethanol, 60% hydrous ethanol, 70% hydrous ethanol carry out gradient elution successively, use at last 70% acetone wash-out, collect respectively each position eluent of 3 times of column volumes, collect the eluent that merges 30% hydrous ethanol, 40% hydrous ethanol, 50% hydrous ethanol, 60% each position of hydrous ethanol, eluent concentrate drying with merging namely gets sensitive plant extractive of general flavone dry powder.
Described a kind of flesh of fish specific complex antistaling agent is characterized in that step 2) described in the shaddock extractive of general flavone adopt the following methods preparation:
1) the pomelo peel pulverizing is broken into meal, cross 30 mesh sieves;
2) diacolation extracts: the pomelo peel meal is packed in the percolator, soak 15 hours with 60% hydrous ethanol after, carry out the diacolation extraction with 60% hydrous ethanol, if raw material weight be 1kg then the consumption of hydrous ethanol be 10 liters, flow velocity is 7mL/min, the collection percolate;
3) flash concentration: 75 ℃ of bath temperatures, vacuum is 0.090 Mpa with percolate, and the feed liquor flow velocity is 260～300mLmin
-1Condition under to carry out vacuum film concentrated, Recycled ethanol obtains every mL liquid and amounts to the concentrate that contains the 1.5g raw material;
4) macroporous resin adsorption purifying: the concentrate that obtains is passed through the macroporous absorbent resin separation and concentration, water, 25% hydrous ethanol, 35% hydrous ethanol, 45% hydrous ethanol, 55% hydrous ethanol, 65% hydrous ethanol, 75% hydrous ethanol carry out gradient elution successively, use at last 70% acetone wash-out, collect respectively each position eluent of 3 times of column volumes, collect the eluent that merges 35% hydrous ethanol, 45% hydrous ethanol, 55% hydrous ethanol, 65% each position of hydrous ethanol, the eluent that merges is concentrated, drying namely gets shaddock extractive of general flavone dry powder.
Described a kind of flesh of fish specific complex antistaling agent is characterized in that step 2) described in the chrysanthemum total flavone extract adopt the following methods preparation:
1) the chrysanthemum pulverizing is broken into meal, cross 30 mesh sieves;
2) diacolation extracts: the chrysanthemum meal is packed in the percolator, soak 10 hours with 75% hydrous ethanol after, carry out the diacolation extraction with 70% hydrous ethanol, if raw material weight be 1kg then the consumption of hydrous ethanol be 16 liters, flow velocity is 5mL/min, the collection percolate;
3) flash concentration: 80 ℃ of bath temperatures, vacuum is 0.095 Mpa with percolate, and the feed liquor flow velocity is 300mLmin
-1Condition under to carry out vacuum film concentrated, Recycled ethanol obtains every mL liquid and amounts to the concentrate that contains the 2.0g raw material;
4) macroporous resin adsorption purifying: the concentrate that obtains is passed through the macroporous absorbent resin separation and concentration, water, 30% hydrous ethanol, 40% hydrous ethanol, 50% hydrous ethanol, 60% hydrous ethanol, 70% hydrous ethanol carry out gradient elution successively, use at last 70% acetone wash-out, collect respectively each position eluent of 3 times of column volumes, collect the eluent that merges 40% hydrous ethanol, 50% hydrous ethanol, 60% each position of hydrous ethanol, eluent concentrate drying with merging namely gets chrysanthemum total flavone extract dry powder.
The preparation technology of described ginkgo leaf total flavonoid extract, sensitive plant extractive of general flavone, shaddock extractive of general flavone, chrysanthemum total flavone extract is simple, superior, easy to operate, the green high-efficient of extraction method for concentration, and the extractive of general flavone yield is high; Each chromocor extract has antibiotic, antioxidation activity, can be used as food additives, antioxidant, anticorrisive agent.
Above-mentioned a kind of flesh of fish specific complex antistaling agent, with the ginkgo leaf total flavonoid extract of pure natural, sensitive plant extractive of general flavone, shaddock extractive of general flavone, chrysanthemum total flavone extract as crude antistaling agent, have fresh-keeping, corrosion-resistant effect, can delay the speed that food rots; Simultaneously, the flesh of fish surface energy after antistaling agent is processed forms the uniform film of one deck, and nontoxic edible can effectively prolong shelf life.This simple and convenient processing method, equipment investment is few, and raw material sources are guaranteed, safe pure natural, production cost is low, by above-mentioned preservation method the flesh of fish is preserved, and this was oppressed in 55～65 days, also had similar freshness to live fish, local flavor and texture.
The content that relates in the present specification unless otherwise indicated, the content of liquid is volume ratio, the content of solid is weight ratio.
The specific embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
This oppresses specific complex antistaling agent, contains the following material of weight content: 15 parts of ginkgo leaf total flavonoid extracts, 15 parts of sensitive plant extractive of general flavone, 25 parts of shaddock extractive of general flavone, 45 parts of chrysanthemum total flavone extracts.
Embodiment 2
This oppresses specific complex antistaling agent, contains the following material of weight content: 20 parts of ginkgo leaf total flavonoid extracts, 10 parts of sensitive plant extractive of general flavone, 30 parts of shaddock extractive of general flavone, 40 parts of chrysanthemum total flavone extracts.
Embodiment 3
This oppresses specific complex antistaling agent, contains the following material of weight content: 25 parts of ginkgo leaf total flavonoid extracts, 18 parts of sensitive plant extractive of general flavone, 35 parts of shaddock extractive of general flavone, 22 parts of chrysanthemum total flavone extracts.
Embodiment 4
This oppresses specific complex antistaling agent, contains the following material of weight content: 15 parts of ginkgo leaf total flavonoid extracts, 10 parts of sensitive plant extractive of general flavone, 25 parts of shaddock extractive of general flavone, 50 parts of chrysanthemum total flavone extracts.
The using method of this flesh of fish specific complex antistaling agent is as follows:
1) allotment antistaling agent: the water that adds double weight at flesh of fish specific complex antistaling agent makes fresh-keeping liquid;
2) the pending flesh of fish is put into above-mentioned fresh-keeping liquid, 2～5 ℃ of lower immersions 15～25 minutes of temperature, pull out, drain, put into packaging bag, vacuum packaging or controlled atmospheric packing;
4) the packaged flesh of fish is refrigerated, refrigerated storage temperature is 1～4 ℃.
Below further specify beneficial effect of the present invention by test
Test 1: the large yellow croaker that the present invention obtains is tested, and every check was all measured with the 65th day of preservation.
The sensory evaluation validity check: the flesh of fish after the present invention processes is take color and luster, smell, the elasticity of muscle as Interventions Requested, contrast with control group, control group adopts the conventional refrigeration method fresh-keeping, adopt " the five-grade marking system ", each Interventions Requested is respectively, better, general, relatively poor and differ from five ranks, score value is respectively 5,4,3,2,1, and evaluating member is comprised of 5 people, and subjective appreciation standards of grading and concrete appraisal result see Table 1 and table 2.
Table 1: flesh of fish subjective appreciation standards of grading
| Score value | Color and luster | Smell | The elasticity of muscle |
| 5 | Color and luster is normal, and the muscle tangent plane is rich in gloss | The fragrance that this kind is intrinsic, pure and fresh | Solid high resilience, depression disappeared immediately after finger was pressed |
| 4 | Color and luster is normal, and the muscle tangent plane is rich in gloss | Intrinsic fragrance, more pure and fresh | Solid flexible, depression was very fast after finger was pressed disappears |
| 3 | Color and luster is slightly dim, and the muscle tangent plane is slightly glossy | Intrinsic fragrance, light, peculiar smell slightly | More flexible, after forefinger was pressed, depression disappeared slower |
| 2 | Color and luster is dim, and the muscle tangent plane is matt | Intrinsic fragrance disappears, and stench flavor or ammonia stink are arranged | Slightly flexible, after forefinger was pressed, depression disappeared very slow |
| 1 | Color and luster is dim, and the muscle tangent plane is matt | Strong stench flavor or ammonia flavor are arranged | Nonelastic, after forefinger was pressed, depression did not disappear |
Table 2: flesh of fish results of sensory evaluation
| Interventions Requested | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Control group |
| Color and luster | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 1 |
| Smell | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 |
| The elasticity of muscle | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
As can be seen from Table 2, it is fresh-keeping to adopt composite preservative of the present invention that Pseudosciaena crocea meat is carried out, and can in 65 days, guarantee to greatest extent freshness, local flavor and the texture of the flesh of fish.
Test 2:
The mensuration of total plate count: assay method operates with reference to GB/T4789.2-2010, get the 25g Pseudosciaena crocea meat under the aseptic condition, be put in the SPSS that 225ml contains bead, abundant mixing is made the dilution of 1:10, per sample degree of spoilage, select suitable dilution factor, each dilution factor do three times parallel, adopt the mensuration of falling flat band method total plate count, the average measurement result of four embodiment is 2.0 * 10
5CFU/g, the average measurement result of control group are 5.25 * 10
5CFU/g.
Test 3:
The mensuration of pH value: assay method rubs in the uniform Pseudosciaena crocea meat 10g fish conical flask for getting, and adds 60ml distilled water, and dipping 30min filters, and gets filtrate and directly measures with acidometer, and four times parallel, and averaging is 6.12.
Test 4:
The mensuration of VBN: adopt Kang Wei ware method to measure, take by weighing the 10g Pseudosciaena crocea meat, rub mixing, be transferred in the conical flask, add 100ml distilled water, jolting is abundant, filter behind the 30min, get 1ml filtrate with micropipettor and be added to the diffusion boat mistress, opposite side adds 1ml unsaturated carbonate potassium solution, two liquid are directly contact, will be coated with uniform diffusion boat loam cake through water-soluble glue and change and screw.Diffusion boat is rotated respectively on the table in the direction of the clock with counterclockwise, sample liquid is fully mixed with alkali lye, place 2h in 37 ℃ of insulating boxs, uncover, with salt standard acid solution (0.01mol/L) titration, terminal point is bluish violet.The blank assay of doing experiment simultaneously.Measurement result sees Table 3.
By table 3 result as seen, this composite preservative, can establishment the generation of VBN in the flesh of fish storage, have significant bactericidal effect, growing of anti-bacteria prolongs its shelf-life, keeps the good organoleptic quality of the flesh of fish.
It is fresh-keeping to adopt this composite preservative that other flesh of fish is carried out, and also can obtain beneficial effect of the present invention.
This composite preservative ginkgo leaf total flavonoid extract, sensitive plant extractive of general flavone, shaddock extractive of general flavone, the mixing of chrysanthemum total flavone extract make, and have synergistic effect, and be better than the fresh-keeping effect of alone a kind of component.
Claims (6)
1. oppress the specific complex antistaling agent for one kind, it is characterized in that containing the following material of weight content: 15～25 parts of ginkgo leaf total flavonoid extracts, 10～18 parts of sensitive plant extractive of general flavone, 25～35 parts of shaddock extractive of general flavone, 12～50 parts of chrysanthemum total flavone extracts.
2. a kind of flesh of fish specific complex antistaling agent as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the parts by weight of ginkgo leaf total flavonoid extract are 18～22 parts, and the parts by weight of sensitive plant extractive of general flavone are that 12～15 parts, the parts by weight of shaddock extractive of general flavone are that 28～30 parts, the parts by weight of chrysanthemum total flavone extract are 25～35 parts.
3. a kind of flesh of fish specific complex antistaling agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described ginkgo leaf total flavonoid extract adopts the following methods preparation:
1) the ginkgo leaf pulverizing is broken into meal, cross 20～30 mesh sieves;
2) diacolation extracts: the ginkgo leaf meal is packed in the percolator, after soaking 10-15 hour with 70% hydrous ethanol, carry out the diacolation extraction with 75% hydrous ethanol, if raw material weight be 1kg then the consumption of hydrous ethanol be the 10-15 liter, flow velocity is 5-6mL/min, collects percolate;
3) flash concentration: 80～85 ℃ of bath temperatures, vacuum is 0.092 Mpa with percolate, and the feed liquor flow velocity is that to carry out vacuum film under the condition of 200～300mLmin-1 concentrated, and Recycled ethanol obtains every mL liquid and amounts to the concentrate that contains the 1.5g raw material;
4) macroporous resin adsorption purifying: the concentrate that obtains is passed through the macroporous absorbent resin separation and concentration, water, 10% hydrous ethanol, 25% hydrous ethanol, 35% hydrous ethanol, 45% hydrous ethanol, 55% hydrous ethanol, 70% hydrous ethanol carry out gradient elution successively, use at last 70% acetone wash-out, collect respectively each position eluent of 3 times of column volumes, collect the eluent at merging, 25% hydrous ethanol, 35% hydrous ethanol, 45% hydrous ethanol and 55% each position of hydrous ethanol, eluent vacuum film concentrate drying with merging namely gets ginkgo leaf total flavonoid extract dry powder.
4. a kind of flesh of fish specific complex antistaling agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that step 2) described in the sensitive plant extractive of general flavone adopt the following methods preparation:
1) the sensitive plant pulverizing medicinal materials is broken into meal, cross 20 mesh sieves;
2) diacolation extracts: the sensitive plant meal is packed in the percolator, after soaking 12～15 hours with 65% hydrous ethanol, carry out the diacolation extraction with 75% hydrous ethanol, if raw material weight be 1kg then the consumption of hydrous ethanol be 15 liters, flow velocity is 5～6mL/min, collects percolate;
3) flash concentration: 75～80 ℃ of bath temperatures, vacuum is 0.095 Mpa with percolate, and the feed liquor flow velocity is 250～300mLmin
-1Condition under to carry out vacuum film concentrated, Recycled ethanol obtains every mL liquid and amounts to the concentrate that contains the 1.5g raw material;
4) macroporous resin adsorption purifying: the concentrate that obtains is passed through the macroporous absorbent resin separation and concentration, water, 20% hydrous ethanol, 30% hydrous ethanol, 40% hydrous ethanol, 50% hydrous ethanol, 60% hydrous ethanol, 70% hydrous ethanol carry out gradient elution successively, use at last 70% acetone wash-out, collect respectively each position eluent of 3 times of column volumes, collect the eluent that merges 30% hydrous ethanol, 40% hydrous ethanol, 50% hydrous ethanol, 60% each position of hydrous ethanol, eluent concentrate drying with merging namely gets sensitive plant extractive of general flavone dry powder.
5. a kind of flesh of fish specific complex antistaling agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that step 2) described in the shaddock extractive of general flavone adopt the following methods preparation:
1) the pomelo peel pulverizing is broken into meal, cross 30 mesh sieves;
2) diacolation extracts: the pomelo peel meal is packed in the percolator, soak 15 hours with 60% hydrous ethanol after, carry out the diacolation extraction with 60% hydrous ethanol, if raw material weight be 1kg then the consumption of hydrous ethanol be 10 liters, flow velocity is 7mL/min, the collection percolate;
3) flash concentration: 75 ℃ of bath temperatures, vacuum is 0.090 Mpa with percolate, and the feed liquor flow velocity is 260～300mLmin
-1Condition under to carry out vacuum film concentrated, Recycled ethanol obtains every mL liquid and amounts to the concentrate that contains the 1.5g raw material;
4) macroporous resin adsorption purifying: the concentrate that obtains is passed through the macroporous absorbent resin separation and concentration, water, 25% hydrous ethanol, 35% hydrous ethanol, 45% hydrous ethanol, 55% hydrous ethanol, 65% hydrous ethanol, 75% hydrous ethanol carry out gradient elution successively, use at last 70% acetone wash-out, collect respectively each position eluent of 3 times of column volumes, collect the eluent that merges 35% hydrous ethanol, 45% hydrous ethanol, 55% hydrous ethanol, 65% each position of hydrous ethanol, the eluent that merges is concentrated, drying namely gets shaddock extractive of general flavone dry powder.
6. a kind of flesh of fish specific complex antistaling agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that step 2) described in the chrysanthemum total flavone extract adopt the following methods preparation:
1) the chrysanthemum pulverizing is broken into meal, cross 30 mesh sieves;
2) diacolation extracts: the chrysanthemum meal is packed in the percolator, soak 10 hours with 75% hydrous ethanol after, carry out the diacolation extraction with 70% hydrous ethanol, if raw material weight be 1kg then the consumption of hydrous ethanol be 16 liters, flow velocity is 5mL/min, the collection percolate;
3) flash concentration: 80 ℃ of bath temperatures, vacuum is 0.095 Mpa with percolate, and the feed liquor flow velocity is 300mLmin
-1Condition under to carry out vacuum film concentrated, Recycled ethanol obtains every mL liquid and amounts to the concentrate that contains the 2.0g raw material;
4) macroporous resin adsorption purifying: the concentrate that obtains is passed through the macroporous absorbent resin separation and concentration, water, 30% hydrous ethanol, 40% hydrous ethanol, 50% hydrous ethanol, 60% hydrous ethanol, 70% hydrous ethanol carry out gradient elution successively, use at last 70% acetone wash-out, collect respectively each position eluent of 3 times of column volumes, collect the eluent that merges 40% hydrous ethanol, 50% hydrous ethanol, 60% each position of hydrous ethanol, eluent concentrate drying with merging namely gets chrysanthemum total flavone extract dry powder.
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