CN102960269A - Method for cultivating shellfish offspring seeds by culture water - Google Patents
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- CN102960269A CN102960269A CN2012104258070A CN201210425807A CN102960269A CN 102960269 A CN102960269 A CN 102960269A CN 2012104258070 A CN2012104258070 A CN 2012104258070A CN 201210425807 A CN201210425807 A CN 201210425807A CN 102960269 A CN102960269 A CN 102960269A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating shellfish offspring seeds by culture water. The method comprises the steps of: placing microalgae with shrimps in a culture pond and cultivating; and then, introducing microalgae containing culture water in a culture pond into a nursery pond to cultivate shellfish offspring seeds. According to the method provided by the invention, environmental pollution caused by eutrophication of water body in the culture pond can be avoided, the microalgae culture amount is large, and the microalgae grows rapidly, so that the demand for cultivating shellfish offspring seeds in a large scale is satisfied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture, specifically is a kind of method of utilizing aquaculture water to cultivate the shellfish seed.
Background technology
In traditional aquaculture technology, the general direct introducing seawater of shrimp culture is as aquaculture water, may contain the microorganism harmful to shrimps in the seawater, unfavorable to the shrimps growth, and the cultivation middle and later periods, because a large amount of bait throwing in causes residual bait, shrimp ight soil to stay pond bottom, cause easily the breeding water body eutrophication, need in time to change water body, the water body discharging after the eutrophication can be to environment.
Need little algae as the bait of shellfish seed when cultivating the shellfish seed, cultivate little algae and need to build separately little algae cultivation pond, in little algae cultivation pond, little algae is enlarged cultivation, need to regularly add the in a subtle way nutrient solution of algae needs, this mode tends to exist following problem: it is higher to build separately the micro-algae culture pond cost, dimension-limited system, make little algae supply less, make shellfish seed rearing amount restricted, and depend merely on manually and in micro-algae culture pond, add the in a subtle way nutrient solution of algae needs, often make the required oligotrophy of little algae in the micro-algae culture pond, nutrition is abundant not, make the micro algae growth breeding slowly, can't satisfy the shellfish hatchery needs, make the shellfish seed not have enough bait, make shellfish seed poor growth, survival rate is lower.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, provide the body eutrophication of avoiding in the culture pond to cause environmental pollution, little algae cultivation amount is large, and the micro algae growth breeding can be satisfied the aquaculture water that utilizes of extensive shellfish seed rearing needs and cultivate the method for shellfish seed rapidly.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the method for utilizing aquaculture water to cultivate the shellfish seed provided by the invention, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) seawater that use through sterilization, precipitates, filters is as the water source of culture pond;
(2) little algae liquid is introduced in the culture pond, the introducing amount is every mu of 250～400L, and the content of little algae is at least in every milliliter of little algae liquid
Individual, the depth of water of culture pond is 1.5～1.8m;
(3) add nutrient solution in the culture pond of step (2), comprise glucose, immune polysaccharide and composite fertilizer in the nutrient solution, addition is every mu of 0.2～0.5kg of glucose, every mu of 0.2～0.5kg of immune polysaccharide, every mu of 0.5～1.5kg of composite fertilizer;
(4) in the culture pond of step (3), added one time of nutrition liquid every 8～12 days after, comprise glucose, immune polysaccharide, composite fertilizer in each nutrient solution that adds, addition is every mu of 0.04～0.1kg of glucose, every mu of 0.04～0.1kg of immune polysaccharide, every mu of 0.1～0.3kg of composite fertilizer;
(5) add at least one time of nutrition liquid by the requirement of step (4) after, the shrimp seedling is thrown in beginning in the culture pond, each injected volume is every mu 80,000～100,000 tails, continues execution in step (4) until after throwing in the shrimp seedling first time one month, this was the first cultivation stage;
(6) seawater that introduce through sterilization in nursery pond, precipitates, filters is as the Ji Shui of culture pond, the degree of depth of Ji Shui is 0.4～0.6m, then the aquaculture water in the culture pond is introduced nursery pond, the water yield of introducing the aquaculture water of nursery pond should make the transparency of nursery pond water quality at 15～20cm, then throw in the shellfish seedling in nursery pond, injected volume is every square metre of 0.07～0.1kg;
(7) emitted 40%～60% of the water yield in the nursery pond in per 4～8 days, replenish simultaneously the aquaculture water in the culture pond in the nursery pond, the water yield of replenishing the aquaculture water in the rear nursery pond should make the transparency of nursery pond water quality at 10cm～20cm;
(8) throwing in the shellfish seedling after at least one month, the shellfish seedling is fished for, then in nursery pond, thrown in new shellfish seedling, return execution in step (7).
After adopting above method, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
(1) harmful microorganism in the seawater has been removed through sterilization, precipitation, filtration in the water source of culture pond, has avoided harmful microorganism to affect the growth of shrimps;
(2) aquaculture water in the culture pond is introduced into and cultivates the shellfish seed in the nursery pond, makes the water body of culture pond eutrophication can not occur, and has avoided the water body discharging after stain environment after the eutrophication;
(3) need not build separately micro-algae culture pond, and in culture pond, cultivate little algae, the cultivation amount of little algae is increased greatly, and put shrimps in a suitable place to breed in culture pond, the excreta of shrimps provides nutrition for little algae, make the comprehensive nutrition of little algae, the micro algae growth breeding can fully be satisfied the shellfish hatchery needs rapidly, makes the growing environment of shellfish seed good, the shellfish weed survival rate is high, and the coefficient of condition of shellfish seed is high;
(4) after the aquaculture water of culture pond was introduced the shellfish hatchery pond, the little algae in the aquaculture water was eaten by shellfish, and the water quality of aquaculture water is greatly improved, can be to environment after the discharging.
As preferably, first seawater is sterilized with bleaching powder in described step (1) and the step (6), the addition of bleaching powder is 0.15 milligram in every liter of seawater, then the seawater after will sterilizing precipitates more than 48 hours in cistern, filter finally by crossing husky filter well, seawater after will filtering with water pump is drawn in culture pond or the nursery pond, bleaching powder can effectively be killed the harmful microorganism in the seawater, precipitation is 48 hours in cistern, most of contamination precipitation in the seawater is to water-bed, last husky filter well is removed the impurity in the water and algae fully, and the water body that is drawn in the culture pond does not contain harmful microorganism and impurity, is conducive to the growth of shrimps and little algae in the culture pond.
As preferably, can stop to add nutrient solution in culture pond after the first cultivation stage in the described step (5), the excreta of shrimps can provide abundant nutrition for little algae, and enough micro algae growth breedings are required, can stop in culture pond, adding nutrient solution, provide cost savings.
As preferably, described little algae is chrysophyceae, chlorella and Chaetoceros, chrysophyceae, chlorella and Chaetoceros respectively in different culture ponds and shrimps cultivate together, according to the habit of shellfish seedling, chrysophyceae, chlorella and Chaetoceros are respectively applied to be introduced in the micro-algae culture pond as the bait of different phase shellfish seedling.
As preferably, in the described step (6) aquaculture water in the culture pond is introduced nursery pond and refer to introduce the aquaculture water that contains chrysophyceae, according to the habit of shellfish seedling, chrysophyceae is suitable as the bait of shellfish seedling Initial stage of culture.
As preferably, replenish for the first time aquaculture water for replenishing the aquaculture water that contains chrysophyceae behind each input shellfish seedling in the described step (7), replenish for the second time aquaculture water for replenishing the aquaculture water that contains chlorella, after this replenish aquaculture water for replenishing the aquaculture water that contains Chaetoceros, habit according to the shellfish seedling, chrysophyceae is suitable as the bait of shellfish seedling Initial stage of culture, and chlorella is suitable as the bait that the shellfish seedling is cultivated mid-term, and Chaetoceros is suitable as the bait of shellfish seedling late stage of culture.
As preferentially, the water yield of aquaculture water should make the transparency of nursery pond water quality at 15～20cm when replenishing aquaculture water for the first time behind each input shellfish seedling in the described step (7), the water yield of aquaculture water should make the transparency of nursery pond water quality at 10～15cm when replenishing aquaculture water for the second time behind each input shellfish seedling, the water yield of aquaculture water should make the transparency of nursery pond water quality at 10cm when after this replenishing aquaculture water, transparency is higher, illustrate that algae content is fewer in the nursery pond, the shellfish seedling is progressively to increase along with the increase of shellfish seedling incubation time to the demand of little algae, an amount of little algae can fully be satisfied the appetite of shellfish seedling, can not descend owing to little algae too much makes the oxygen content in the water again, affect the growth of shellfish seedling.
As preferably, the time of in the described step (2) little algae liquid being introduced in the culture pond is annual late Febuary, beginning to throw in culture pond the shrimp seedling in the described step (5) refers to respectively at throwing in first batch of shrimp seedling annual mid-March, late June can be fished for first batch of shrimp seedling listing, throw in second batch of shrimp seedling in late May, late August can be fished for second batch of shrimp seedling listing, late July is thrown in the 3rd batch of shrimp seedling, can fish for by the end of October the 3rd batch of shrimp seedling listing, throw in the shellfish seedling in the described step (6) in the nursery pond and refer to throw in mid-March mud blood clam seedling, fish for by the end of May mud blood clam seedling, throw in the blood clam seedling in by the end of May, fish for by the end of June the blood clam seedling, throw in Vietnam hair clam seedling in by the end of June, fish for by the end of September Vietnam hair clam seedling, throw in extra large razor clam seedling in by the end of September, fish for by the end of November extra large razor clam seedling, the time of above-mentioned input shrimp seedling and shellfish seedling, temperature in the natural environment, humidity, the factors such as amount of rainfall all are conducive to the cultivation of shellfish seedling and the growth of shrimps, make the survival rate of shellfish seed higher, the coefficient of condition of the shellfish seed of cultivating is better, makes the better of shrimps growth, makes more grossness of shrimps.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in more detail.
The present invention utilizes aquaculture water to cultivate the method for shellfish seed, and it may further comprise the steps:
(1) during high tide, seawater pours in the cistern, seawater is sterilized with bleaching powder, add 0.15 milligram of bleaching powder in every liter of seawater, then the seawater after will sterilizing precipitates more than 48 hours in cistern, filter finally by crossing husky filter well, husky filter well places cistern, the well body of the sealing that husky filter well namely builds up with fine sand, water pump is positioned in the husky filter well, and when using pumping for water pump, the water in the cistern constantly enters in the husky filter well by the outer wall that is built up by fine sand of sand filter well, after seawater is filtered well by sand, harmful microorganism and impurity in the seawater are filtered fully by sand, and the seawater after will filtering with water pump is drawn in the culture pond, as the water source of culture pond, seawater is through sterilization, precipitation, filter, do not contain harmful microorganism and algae in the water body.
(2) in annual late Febuary little algae liquid is introduced in the culture pond, the introducing amount is every mu of 250L～400L, little algae liquid here is little algae of cultivating through certain hour, in the conical flask of 5L, to cultivate 7～10 days first specifically, then change in the Plastic Drum of 50L and cultivated 7～10 days again, the content of little algae is at least in this moment every milliliter of little algae liquid
Individual, then the little algae liquid in the Plastic Drum is poured in the culture pond and cultivated, pour 5～8 barrels of little algae liquid in general every mu of culture pond into, the depth of water of culture pond is generally between 1.5～1.8m.
(3) after little algae liquid is introduced culture pond, in culture pond, add glucose, immune polysaccharide, composite fertilizer as the nutrient solution of little algae, addition is every mu of 0.25kg of glucose, every mu of 0.25kg of immune polysaccharide, every mu of 1kg of composite fertilizer, glucose, immune polysaccharide, composite fertilizer are on the market sell commonly used and are used for the additive that little algae is cultivated, and wherein composite fertilizer be " Acker this " board high tower compound fertilizer of Russia's product.
(4) added one time of nutrition liquid every 10 days in culture pond after, nutrient solution comprises glucose, immune polysaccharide, composite fertilizer, and addition is 0.05 kilogram every mu of glucose, 0.05 kilogram every mu of immune polysaccharide, 0.2 kilogram every mu of composite fertilizer.
(5) begin in culture pond, to put in a suitable place to breed shrimps mid-March, generally throw in first batch of shrimp seedling mid-March, late June can be fished for first batch of shrimp seedling, throw in second batch of shrimp seedling in late May, late August can be fished for second batch of shrimp seedling, late July is thrown in the 3rd batch of shrimp seedling, can fish for by the end of October the 3rd batch of shrimp seedling, little algae can be used as the shrimps seedling bait in period, and behind the shrimps growth certain hour, the excreta of shrimps can provide for the cultivation of little algae required nutrition, so begin mid-April and can no longer add nutrient solution in culture pond, provides cost savings.
(6) in nursery pond, introduce through sterilization, precipitation, the seawater that filters is as the Ji Shui of culture pond, the degree of depth of Ji Shui is 0.5m, then the aquaculture water in the culture pond is introduced nursery pond, the water yield of introducing the aquaculture water in the nursery pond should make the transparency of nursery pond water quality at 20cm, then begin in nursery pond, to throw in the shellfish seedling, each injected volume is every square metre of 0.07～0.1kg, generally speaking, the bottom of nursery pond and culture pond all is flat, concrete, throw in mud blood clam seed mid-March, described aquaculture water has 3 kinds, contain respectively chrysophyceae, three kinds of chlorella and Chaetoceros, chrysophyceae, chlorella is cultivated with shrimps in different culture ponds respectively together with Chaetoceros, and the aquaculture water of introducing nursery pond here is the aquaculture water that contains chrysophyceae.
(7) per water that emitted in half nursery pond in 7 days, because the little algae in the nursery pond is substantially eaten up by the shellfish seedling at this moment, the aquaculture water in the additional culture pond of nursery pond simultaneously, the water yield of the aquaculture water after replenishing in the nursery pond should make the transparency of nursery pond water quality at 10cm～20cm, to replenish for the first time aquaculture water for replenishing the aquaculture water that contains chrysophyceae after throwing in the shellfish seedling specifically at every turn, chrysophyceae is as the bait of shellfish seedling this moment, the water yield of the aquaculture water that replenish this moment should make the transparency of nursery pond water quality at 15～20cm, each input shellfish seedling is replenished aquaculture water for the second time for replenishing the aquaculture water that contains chlorella, the water yield of the aquaculture water that replenish this moment should make the transparency of nursery pond water quality at 10～15cm, after this replenish aquaculture water for replenishing the aquaculture water that contains Chaetoceros, and the water yield of the aquaculture water that replenishes should make the transparency of nursery pond water quality at 10cm, the transparency here has a measuring method of commonly using in the world: the white disk of taking 25 centimetres of diameters, sink in the water, watching it attentively, until till cannot see, the degree of depth of at this moment disk sinking, it is exactly the transparency of water body, in the practical operation, the instrument of transparency available dedicated is measured.
(8) fish for mud blood clam seedling in by the end of May, and throw in simultaneously the blood clam seedling, continue to carry out by step (7), with fish for by the end of June the blood clam seedling, and throw in simultaneously Vietnam hair clam seedling, continue to carry out by step (7), fish for Vietnam hair clam seedling in by the end of September, and throw in simultaneously extra large razor clam seedling, continue to carry out by step (7), in fishing for by the end of November.
Claims (9)
1. method of utilizing aquaculture water to cultivate the shellfish seed is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
(1) seawater that use through sterilization, precipitates, filters is as the water source of culture pond;
(2) little algae liquid is introduced in the culture pond, the introducing amount is every mu of 250～400L, and the content of little algae is at least in every milliliter of little algae liquid
Individual, the depth of water of culture pond is 1.5～1.8m;
(3) add nutrient solution in the culture pond of step (2), comprise glucose, immune polysaccharide and composite fertilizer in the nutrient solution, addition is every mu of 0.2～0.5kg of glucose, every mu of 0.2～0.5kg of immune polysaccharide, every mu of 0.5～1.5kg of composite fertilizer;
(4) in the culture pond of step (3), added one time of nutrition liquid every 8～12 days after, comprise glucose, immune polysaccharide, composite fertilizer in each nutrient solution that adds, addition is every mu of 0.04～0.1kg of glucose, every mu of 0.04～0.1kg of immune polysaccharide, every mu of 0.1～0.3kg of composite fertilizer;
(5) add at least one time of nutrition liquid by the requirement of step (4) after, the shrimp seedling is thrown in beginning in the culture pond, each injected volume is every mu 80,000～100,000 tails, continues execution in step (4) until after throwing in the shrimp seedling first time one month, this was the first cultivation stage;
(6) seawater that introduce through sterilization in nursery pond, precipitates, filters is as the Ji Shui of culture pond, the degree of depth of Ji Shui is 0.4～0.6m, then the aquaculture water in the culture pond is introduced nursery pond, the water yield of introducing the aquaculture water of nursery pond should make the transparency of nursery pond water quality at 15～20cm, then throw in the shellfish seedling in nursery pond, injected volume is every square metre of 0.07～0.1kg;
(7) emitted 40%～60% of the water yield in the nursery pond in per 4～8 days, replenish simultaneously the aquaculture water in the culture pond in the nursery pond, the water yield of replenishing the aquaculture water in the rear nursery pond should make the transparency of nursery pond water quality at 10cm～20cm;
(8) throwing in the shellfish seedling after at least one month, the shellfish seedling is fished for, then in nursery pond, thrown in new shellfish seedling, return execution in step (7).
2. the method for utilizing aquaculture water to cultivate the shellfish seed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: first seawater is sterilized with bleaching powder in described step (1) and the step (6), the addition of bleaching powder is 0.15 milligram in every liter of seawater, then the seawater after will sterilizing precipitates more than 48 hours in cistern, filter finally by crossing husky filter well, the seawater after will filtering with water pump is drawn in culture pond or the nursery pond.
3. the method for utilizing aquaculture water to cultivate the shellfish seed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: stop to add nutrient solution in culture pond after the first cultivation stage in the described step (5).
4. the method for utilizing aquaculture water to cultivate the shellfish seed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described little algae is chrysophyceae, chlorella and Chaetoceros, chrysophyceae, chlorella and Chaetoceros respectively in different culture ponds and shrimps cultivate together.
5. the method for utilizing aquaculture water to cultivate the shellfish seed according to claim 4 is characterized in that: in the described step (6) aquaculture water in the culture pond is introduced nursery pond and refer to introduce the aquaculture water that contains chrysophyceae.
6. the method for utilizing aquaculture water to cultivate the shellfish seed according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: replenish for the first time aquaculture water for replenishing the aquaculture water that contains chrysophyceae behind each input shellfish seedling in the described step (7), replenish for the second time aquaculture water for replenishing the aquaculture water that contains chlorella, after this replenish aquaculture water for replenishing the aquaculture water that contains Chaetoceros.
7. the method for utilizing aquaculture water to cultivate the shellfish seed according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the water yield of aquaculture water should make the transparency of nursery pond water quality at 15～20cm when replenishing aquaculture water for the first time behind each input shellfish seedling in the described step (7), the transparency that the water yield of aquaculture water should make nursery pond water quality when replenishing aquaculture water for the second time behind each input shellfish seedling is at 10～15cm, and the water yield of aquaculture water should make the transparency of nursery pond water quality at 10cm when after this replenishing aquaculture water.
8. the method for utilizing aquaculture water to cultivate the shellfish seed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the time of in the described step (2) little algae liquid being introduced in the culture pond is annual late Febuary, beginning to throw in culture pond the shrimp seedling in the described step (5) refers to respectively at throwing in first batch of shrimp seedling annual mid-March, late June can be fished for first batch of shrimp seedling, throw in second batch of shrimp seedling in late May, late August can be fished for second batch of shrimp seedling, late July is thrown in the 3rd batch of shrimp seedling, can fish for by the end of October the 3rd batch of shrimp seedling.
9. the method for utilizing aquaculture water to cultivate the shellfish seed according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: throw in the shellfish seedling in the described step (6) in the nursery pond and refer to throw in mid-March mud blood clam seedling, fish for by the end of May mud blood clam seedling, throw in the blood clam seedling in by the end of May, fish for by the end of June the blood clam seedling, throw in Vietnam hair clam seedling in by the end of June, fish for by the end of September Vietnam hair clam seedling, throw in extra large razor clam seedling in by the end of September, fish for by the end of November extra large razor clam seedling.
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| CN104067968A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-10-01 | 福建春来农业有限公司 | Cultivation method for solving problem that razor clam is difficult to catch in pond |
| CN104488788A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-08 | 浙江海洋学院 | Method for increasing supply quantities of baits for natural shellfishes in aquaculture areas on open seas |
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| CN104012439A (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2014-09-03 | 宁德市吉星农业开发有限公司 | Method for culturing purely natural alpine novaculina chinensis |
| CN104012439B (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2015-12-09 | 宁德市吉星农业开发有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of pure natural high mountain fresh water razor clam |
| CN104067968A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-10-01 | 福建春来农业有限公司 | Cultivation method for solving problem that razor clam is difficult to catch in pond |
| CN104067968B (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2016-01-20 | 福建春来农业有限公司 | A kind of cultural method solving pond receipts razor clam difficulty |
| CN104488788A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-08 | 浙江海洋学院 | Method for increasing supply quantities of baits for natural shellfishes in aquaculture areas on open seas |
| CN106172114A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 宁波文明水产养殖有限公司 | A kind of high density supports shrimp tail water for the method cultivating Sinonovacula constricta |
| CN106538435A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-03-29 | 宁波大学 | A kind of winter grass shrimp constricta zoology cyclic culture method and device |
| CN107183406A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-09-22 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | A kind of microorganism live bacteria bait and its production method for shellfish hatchery |
| CN107258634A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-10-20 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | Have the system and operation method of beach Spat culture and cultivation water process concurrently |
| CN107698027A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-02-16 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of method that Algae toxins in water body are filtered out using shellfish |
| CN109769685A (en) * | 2019-02-03 | 2019-05-21 | 福安市冠富农业科技有限公司 | A kind of culture zone scene spreads cultivation algae method |
| CN110036956A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-07-23 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | One kind is for large-scale imbedded and perched shellfish's parent shellfish breeding apparatus and its application method |
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