CN102939440A - Dpf系统 - Google Patents

Dpf系统 Download PDF

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CN102939440A
CN102939440A CN2011800285975A CN201180028597A CN102939440A CN 102939440 A CN102939440 A CN 102939440A CN 2011800285975 A CN2011800285975 A CN 2011800285975A CN 201180028597 A CN201180028597 A CN 201180028597A CN 102939440 A CN102939440 A CN 102939440A
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dpf
regeneration
upstream side
downstream side
temperature transducer
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CN102939440B (zh
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池田卓史
越智直文
佐藤等
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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    • F01N3/025Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
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    • F01N3/033Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F02D41/021Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
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Abstract

提供一种与以往相比改善了方便性的DPF系统。该DPF系统具备:DPF(25),包括与柴油机(10)的排气管(20)连接并捕集废气中的PM的CSF(29)和设置在该CSF(29)的上游侧的DOC(28);以及温度传感器(30a、30b),分别设置在DOC(28)的上游侧和下游侧;在CSF(29)的PM堆积量超过了一定量时,使由上游侧温度传感器(30a)检测的温度成为第一阈值以上、且使由下游侧温度传感器(30b)检测的温度成为第二阈值以上,而进行DPF再生;在该DPF系统中,在检测到上游侧温度传感器(30a)的故障时,使第二阈值向上变更。

Description

DPF系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种DPF系统,捕集柴油机的废气中的PM(ParticulateMatter:颗粒物质)。
背景技术
开发有一种DPF系统,通过DPF(Diesel Particulate Filter:柴油颗粒过滤器)、例如作为其一种的被称为DPD(Diesel Particulate Defuser:柴油颗粒处理器)的过滤器来捕集柴油机的废气中的PM,而减少向外部排出的PM的量。
使用了DPF的DPF系统为,与其他废气净化系统(例如SCR(SelectiveCatalytic Reduction:选择性催化还原)系统)同样,设置在排气管的途中,将废气净化而排出到大气中(例如参照专利文献1)。
作为该DPF系统,具有在DPF的上游侧设置了DOC(Diesel OxidationCatalyst:柴油机氧化催化剂)的连续再生型的DPF系统。该DPF系统为,通过由废气中的O2来氧化PM,由此在低温下进行NO2对PM的氧化,通过上游侧的DOC将废气中的NO氧化成为NO2,通过该NO2将下游侧的DPF所捕集的PM氧化成为CO2,从而将PM除去而进行DPF再生。
然而,在这种DPF系统中,在废气温度较低的情况下,DOC的温度也会降低而不活化,因此不能够促进氧化反应,而不能够将PM氧化而进行DPF再生,因此PM继续向DPF堆积,而过滤器的堵塞会发展。
对于该过滤器的堵塞,在PM堆积量超过了规定的堆积量时,强制地使废气温度升温到目标温度(例如500℃~600℃程度),而将DPF所捕集的PM强制地燃烧除去。
PM堆积量与对DPF前后的排气的差压进行计测的差压传感器的输出值成正比例,因此在差压传感器的输出值超过了规定的差压时,ECU(EngineControl Unit:发动机控制单元)检测到过滤器的堵塞,ECU在自动地(自动再生)或手动地(手动再生)进行再生的情况下,使设置在驾驶室内的DPF警告灯(DPF灯)点灯,在车辆停止后,驾驶员通过按下再生执行开关(手动再生执行开关),来开始DPF再生。
另外,过滤器堵塞的检测,除了DPF前后的排气的差压以外,有时还根据行驶距离来进行。在该情况下,在行驶距离超过了规定的距离时,如上述那样自动或手动地开始DPF再生。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特许第4175281号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
如上述那样,在DPF再生中,强制地使废气温度升温到目标温度。通过分别设置在DOC的上游侧和下游侧的废气温度传感器,来进行该废气温度的测定。
因此,当废气温度传感器发生故障时,不能够进行废气温度的测定,废气温度有可能异常升温而使各种装置、设备发生故障,因此在这种情况下要禁止DPF再生。
然而,DOC上游侧的废气温度传感器为,主要测定发动机失效(engineout)的废气温度,并监视在DPF再生中发动机的负荷突然消失而废气温度下降的情况,为了使废气温度成为目标温度而进行的反馈控制,通常由设置在DOC下游侧的废气温度传感器来进行。因此,即使DOC上游侧的废气温度传感器发生故障,实际上也能够进行DPF再生。
即,在DOC下游侧的废气温度传感器发生了故障的情况下,不能够进行DPF再生,因此需要迅速地进行修理,但是在DOC上游侧的废气温度传感器发生了故障的情况下,虽然需要进行修理,但没有紧急性。
但是,在以往的DPF系统中,在检测到DOC的上游侧和下游侧的任一个废气温度传感器的故障时,一律禁止DPF再生,因此对于驾驶员来说存在方便性较差这种问题。
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种与以往相比改善了方便性的DPF系统。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明是为了实现上述目的而进行的,本发明为一种DPF系统,具备:柴油颗粒过滤器,包括与柴油机的排气管连接并捕集废气中的PM的过滤器和设置在该过滤器的上游侧的氧化催化剂;以及温度传感器,分别设置在上述氧化催化剂的上游侧和下游侧;在上述过滤器的PM堆积量超过了一定量时,使由上述氧化催化剂的上游侧温度传感器检测的温度成为第一阈值以上、且使由上述氧化催化剂的下游侧温度传感器检测的温度成为第二阈值以上,而进行柴油颗粒过滤器的再生,在该DPF系统中,在检测到上述氧化催化剂的上游侧温度传感器的故障时,使第二阈值向上变更。
也可以为,在检测到上述氧化催化剂的下游侧温度传感器的故障时,禁止柴油颗粒过滤器的再生。
发明的效果
根据本发明,能够提供一种与以往相比改善了方便性的DPF系统。
附图说明
图1是表示DPF系统的构成的系统图。
图2是说明DPF系统的动作的图。
具体实施方式
以下,根据附图对本发明的优选实施方式进行说明。
图1是表示DPF系统的系统图。
在图1中,柴油机10的进气歧管11和排气歧管12分别与增压器(涡轮增压器)13的压缩机14和涡轮机15连结,来自上游侧进气管16a的空气由压缩机14升压,通过下游侧进气管16b的中冷器17而被冷却,并经由进气节气门(进气节流阀)18,而从进气歧管11供给到柴油机10,来自柴油机10的废气,在驱动了涡轮机15之后被排气到排气管20中。
在上游侧进气管16a上设置有测定进气量的MAF(Mass Air Flow:空气质量流量)传感器19,通过该MAF传感器19,进气节气门18的开度被控制而进气量被调整。此外,在排气歧管12和进气歧管11上连接有EGR管21,该EGR管21用于使一部分废气返回到柴油机10的进气系统中来减少NOX,在该EGR管21上连接有EGR冷却器22和EGR阀23。
在排气管20上连接有排气制动阀24、DPF25、排气节气门(排气节流阀)26以及消声器27。DPF25包括由使未燃烧燃料氧化的活性催化剂构成的DOC(氧化催化剂)28和捕集废气中的PM的过滤器(CSF(Catalyzed SootFilter:催化碳烟过滤器))29。
在排气制动阀24的上游侧设置有排气管喷射器38,该排气管喷射器38为了在DPF再生时使废气温度升温而向排气管20中喷射(排气管喷射)燃料。在向该排气管喷射器38供给来自未图示的燃料箱的燃料的燃料供给管线39上,连接有将在燃料中混入、产生的杂质、水分除去的燃料过滤器40,在其下游侧设置有测定排气管喷射器38的燃料压力的燃料压力传感器41。
此外,虽然在图1中未表示,但是在排气节气门26和消声器27之间连接有SCR装置。SCR装置是使废气中的NOX与NH3反应而成为N2和H2O来进行净化的装置。
在DOC28的前后设置有废气温度传感器(上游侧温度传感器30a和下游侧温度传感器30b),该废气温度传感器用于排气管喷射的可否、排气管喷射量以及DPF再生的完成的判断。此外,为了推断CSF29的PM堆积量,而设置有对CSF29前后的排气的差压进行计测的差压传感器31。
这些传感器的输出值被输入到ECU32,该ECU32进行柴油机10的运转的全面控制、并且还进行DPF再生,通过从该ECU32输出的控制信号,来控制柴油机10的燃料喷射器33、排气节气门26、排气制动阀24、EGR阀23、排气管喷射器38等。
对于ECU32,为了柴油机10的运转,除了来自油门位置传感器的油门开度、来自转速传感器的发动机转速、来自车速传感器34的车速等信息以外,还输入发动机冷却水的温度等信息。
此外,ECU32连接并控制:设置在驾驶室内的手动再生用的DPF警告灯35a、自动再生用的DPF警告灯35b;用于驾驶员执行手动再生的再生执行开关36;以及在柴油机10发生了某种不良情况时、为了将其通知给用户而点灯的发动机灯37等。
在该系统中,空气通过上游侧进气管16a的MAF传感器19,由增压器13的压缩机14升压,通过下游侧进气管16b的中冷器17而被冷却,并经由进气节气门18,而从进气歧管11进入到柴油机10的缸内。
另一方面,在缸内产生的废气,通过排气歧管12而驱动涡轮机15,通过由DPF25和SCR装置构成的废气净化系统净化,并由消声器27消声而向大气中排出。一部分废气由EGR冷却器22冷却,由EGR阀23调整其量,而向进气歧管11中循环。
废气中含有PM,该PM由DPF25捕集。在DPF25中,常时连续地进行所谓DPF再生,即:通过DOC28将废气中的NO氧化成为NO2,通过该NO2将下游侧的CSF29所捕集的PM氧化成为CO2,而从CSF29中除去PM。
然而,在废气温度较低的情况下,DOC28的温度降低而不活化,因此不能够促进氧化反应,不能够将PM氧化而进行DPF再生,因此PM继续向CSF29堆积,而过滤器的堵塞会发展。
对于该过滤器的堵塞,在PM堆积量超过了规定的堆积量时,强制地使废气温度升温,而将CSF29所捕集的PM强制地燃烧除去。
PM堆积量与差压传感器31的输出值成正比例,因此在差压传感器31的输出值超过了规定的差压(差压阈值)时,ECU32检测到过滤器的堵塞,ECU32自动地进行DPF再生、或者将DPF警告灯35a点灯而促使驾驶员按下再生执行开关36来进行DPF再生。如此根据差压来判断开始时期的DPF再生为差压型再生。以下,将ECU32自动地进行的DPF再生称为自动再生,将驾驶员手动进行的再生称为手动再生。
另外,DPF再生的开始时期,除了差压传感器31的输出值以外,也可以根据行驶距离是否超过了规定的距离(距离阈值)来进行判断,该行驶距离根据由车速传感器34计测的车速来计算。如此根据行驶距离来判断开始时期的DPF再生为距离型再生。
对手动再生和自动再生的例子进行说明。
在使车辆停止的状态下进行手动再生。在车辆停止后,当用户按下再生执行开关36来开始手动再生时,通过ECU32来控制燃料喷射器33、柴油机10、排气制动阀24或排气节气门26、EGR阀23、进气节气门18,使废气温度升温到DOC28活化的温度。
更具体地,ECU32控制燃料喷射器33而开始多级喷射,控制柴油机10而使发动机转速上升,为了快速升温而关闭排气制动阀24或排气节气门26,为了防止燃料的回流而关闭EGR阀23,控制进气节气门18来节流进气量,在抑制温度降低的同时提高负荷。
另外,在上游侧温度传感器30a的检测值成为预先设定的上游侧阈值(第一阈值)以上、并且下游侧温度传感器30b的检测值成为预先设定的下游侧阈值(第二阈值)以上时,进行DOC28的活化的判断。即,根据上游侧温度传感器30a和下游侧温度传感器30b双方的检测值来判断DOC28的活化。
如果DOC28活化,则在进行多级喷射的同时控制排气管喷射器38而开始排气管喷射,在排气制动阀24关闭的情况下,打开排气制动阀24并且关闭排气节气门26,在排气节气门26关闭的情况下,打开排气制动阀24并且继续维持排气节气门26关闭的状态,进一步使废气温度升温到目标温度。
此时,目标温度例如被设定为500℃和600℃这2个阶段,并通过ECU32控制为各目标温度被维持规定时间。使目标温度成为多个阶段的原因为,防止CSF29由于通过PM燃烧产生的热量而熔化。即,在PM残留较多的DPF再生初期,通过PM的燃烧产生较多的热量,因此将目标温度设定得较低,在PM燃烧而变少了的DPF再生后期,将目标温度设定得较高,而使PM高效地燃烧。
然后,ECU32控制燃料喷射器33而使其恢复为通常喷射,关闭排气管喷射器38,控制柴油机10而使发动机转速返回到通常的怠速状态,打开排气节气门26,使EGR阀23返回到通常(开),使进气节气门18返回到通常(开)。由此,废气温度降低,手动再生结束。
在该手动再生中,由于在使车辆停止了的状态下进行DPF再生,因此能够稳定地保持废气温度,能够高效、可靠地使PM燃烧,而另一方面,在手动再生中需要使车辆停止而待机规定的时间。
接着,对自动再生进行说明。
在车辆的行驶中进行自动再生。当由ECU32开始自动再生时,ECU32控制燃料喷射器33、柴油机10、EGR阀23以及进气节气门18,将废气温度升温到DOC28活化的温度。在自动再生中,由于与手动再生不同、是在行驶中,因此不能够关闭排气制动阀24,但在等待信号等的车辆停止时关闭排气制动阀24,而使排压上升,使废气温度升温、保温。
如果DOC28活化(DOC28活化的判断基准与上述相同),则在进行多级喷射的同时控制排气管喷射器38而开始排气管喷射,进一步使废气温度升温到目标温度。由于是在行驶中,因此排气节气门26也不能够关闭,因此排气节气门26成为常时开。
之后,如果废气温度上升到目标温度并被维持规定时间,则ECU32控制燃料喷射器33而使其恢复为通常喷射,关闭排气管喷射器38,控制柴油机10而使发动机转速返回到通常,使EGR阀23返回到通常(开),使进气节气门18返回到通常(开)。由此,废气温度降低,自动再生结束。
在该自动再生中,由于在车辆行驶的状态下进行DPF再生,因此与手动再生相比方便性优良。其另一方面为,在自动再生中,具有废气温度不稳定、或者难以上升的倾向。
如此,可以认为,自动再生和手动再生分别具有优点和缺点,优选根据状况来适宜地选择而区分运用。例如,根据从DPF再生结束到下一次DPF再生开始为止的行驶距离即再生间距,来进行自动再生和手动再生的选择。
作为尽管再生间距变短即行驶距离较短、但PM还是在DPF中超过阈值地堆积的理由,可以考虑到在之前的DPF再生中PM未被充分地除去的可能性。因此,在再生间距小于手动再生阈值时,选择能够稳定地进行DPF再生的手动再生,来可靠地除去PM。
在这些DPF再生中,强制地使废气温度升温到目标温度,通过分别设置在DOC28的上游侧和下游侧的废气温度传感器(上游侧温度传感器30a和下游侧温度传感器30b),来进行该废气温度的测定。
即,在CSF29的PM堆积量超过了一定量时,使由上游侧温度传感器30a检测的温度成为第一阈值以上、且使由下游侧温度传感器30b检测的温度成为第二阈值以上,而进行柴油颗粒过滤器的再生。
因此,当上游侧温度传感器30a或下游侧温度传感器30b发生故障时,不能够进行废气温度的测定,废气温度有可能异常升温而使各种装置、设备发生故障,因此在这种情况下要禁止DPF再生。
即,在DPF系统中,在CSF29的PM堆积量超过了一定量时,进行DPF再生,此时,在检测到上游侧温度传感器30a、下游侧温度传感器30b的任一个的故障时,禁止DPF再生。另外,由ECU32检测上游侧温度传感器30a和下游侧温度传感器30b的故障。
然而,上游侧温度传感器30a主要测定发动机失效的废气温度,并监视在DPF再生中发动机的负荷突然消失而废气温度下降的情况,为了使废气温度成为目标温度而进行的反馈控制,通常由下游侧温度传感器30b来进行。因此,即使上游侧温度传感器30a发生了故障,实际上也能够进行DPF再生。
即,在下游侧温度传感器30b发生了故障的情况下,不能够进行DPF再生,因此需要迅速地进行修理,但是在上游侧温度传感器30a发生了故障的情况下,虽然需要进行修理,但没有紧急性。
但是,在以往的DPF系统中,在检测到DOC28的上游侧和下游侧的任一个废气温度传感器30a、30b的故障时,一律禁止DPF再生,因此对于驾驶员来说存在方便性较差这种问题。
本实施方式的DPF系统解决了该问题,在本DPF系统中,在下游侧温度传感器30b正常时,无论上游侧温度传感器30a是否发生故障,都许可DPF再生。
更具体地,在下游侧温度传感器30b正常时、且检测到上游侧温度传感器30a的故障时,将用于检测DOC28的活化的下游侧温度传感器30b的温度阈值(下游侧阈值)向上变更,并且许可DPF再生。将下游侧阈值向上变更的理由如以下所述。
可以认为,DOC28下游侧的废气温度越高,当然DOC28上游侧的废气温度也越高。
然而,由于在DOC28的上游侧和下游侧存在温度差,因此即使DOC28下游侧的废气温度成为对于DPF再生充分的温度,也不能够断定DOC28上游侧的废气温度充分上升。因此,当仅简单地使用DOC28下游侧的废气温度来进行DPF再生时,有时DOC28未充分地活化而不能够如期待的那样进行DPF再生。
为了避免该问题,需要检测DOC28上游侧的废气温度是否成为对于DPF再生充分的温度。该检测为,在上游侧温度传感器30a正常时,通过观察其检测值是否为上游侧阈值以上,由此能够直接检测,但是在其发生了故障的情况下,不能够进行该直接检测,因此在本DPF系统中,在上游侧温度传感器30a的故障时要推断其检测值。
上游侧温度传感器30a的检测值的推断为:通过实验等预先求出上游侧温度传感器30a的检测值成为上游侧阈值以上时的下游侧温度传感器30b的检测值,在上游侧温度传感器30a的故障时,使下游侧阈值向上变更到该求出的值,在下游侧温度传感器30b的检测值成为变更后的下游侧阈值以上时,推断为上游侧温度传感器30a的检测值成为上游侧阈值以上。
即,在本DPF系统中,为了对上游侧温度传感器30a的检测值成为上游侧阈值以上的情况进行推断,而将下游侧阈值向上变更。
在图2的流程图中集中表示该DPF系统的动作。
DPF系统反复进行以下的步骤。
如图2所示,DPF系统为,在进行DPF再生时,判断DOC28前后的废气温度传感器、即上游侧温度传感器30a和下游侧温度传感器30b是否发生故障(步骤201)。
在步骤201中,在判断为上游侧温度传感器30a和下游侧温度传感器30b未发生故障时,开始DPF再生(步骤202)。
另一方面,在步骤201中,在判断为上游侧温度传感器30a和下游侧温度传感器30b发生故障时,判断发生故障的废气温度传感器是否为DOC前、即DOC28上游侧的传感器(步骤203)。
在步骤203中,在判断为下游侧温度传感器30b发生故障时,禁止DPF再生(步骤204)。
与此相对,在步骤203中,在判断为上游侧温度传感器30a发生故障时,将下游侧阈值向上变更为预先求出的实验值(步骤205),并且开始DPF再生(步骤202)。
根据以上说明了的DPF系统,在下游侧温度传感器30b正常时,无论上游侧温度传感器30a是否发生故障,都许可DPF再生,因此能够减少尽管没有紧急性但还是催促用户迅速进行修理这种现象,与以往相比能够改善用户的方便性。
此外,在下游侧温度传感器30b正常时、且检测到上游侧温度传感器30a的故障时,将用于检测DOC28的活化的下游侧温度传感器30b的下游侧阈值向上变更,并且许可DPF再生,因此即使在上游侧温度传感器30a发生故障时,也能够正确地判断DOC28的活化,能够进行如所期待那样的DPF再生。
符号的说明
10  柴油机
20  排气管
25  DPF
28  DOC
29  CSF
30a  上游侧温度传感器
30b  下游侧温度传感器

Claims (2)

1.一种DPF系统,其特征在于,
具备:柴油颗粒过滤器,包括与柴油机的排气管连接并捕集废气中的PM的过滤器和设置在该过滤器的上游侧的氧化催化剂;以及温度传感器,分别设置在上述氧化催化剂的上游侧和下游侧,
在上述过滤器的PM堆积量超过了一定量时,使由上述氧化催化剂的上游侧温度传感器检测的温度成为第一阈值以上、且使由上述氧化催化剂的下游侧温度传感器检测的温度成为第二阈值以上,而进行柴油颗粒过滤器的再生,
在该DPF系统中,在检测到上述氧化催化剂的上游侧温度传感器的故障时,使第二阈值向上变更。
2.如权利要求1所述的DPF系统,其中,
在检测到上述氧化催化剂的下游侧温度传感器的故障时,禁止柴油颗粒过滤器的再生。
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