CN102921468B - 一种制备二元醇的催化剂 - Google Patents
一种制备二元醇的催化剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102921468B CN102921468B CN201210387517.1A CN201210387517A CN102921468B CN 102921468 B CN102921468 B CN 102921468B CN 201210387517 A CN201210387517 A CN 201210387517A CN 102921468 B CN102921468 B CN 102921468B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- bromide
- catalyst
- dibasic alcohol
- chloride
- ammonium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 oxygen ion Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)O MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- XCEUHXVTRJQJSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromo(phenyl)phosphane Chemical compound BrPC1=CC=CC=C1 XCEUHXVTRJQJSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsane Chemical compound [AsH3] RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTZZCYNQPHTPPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrophenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 RTZZCYNQPHTPPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrophenol Chemical class OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M N,N,N-Trimethylmethanaminium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GEVVMWHWTUKSKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M [I-].[NH4+].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[I-] Chemical compound [I-].[NH4+].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[I-] GEVVMWHWTUKSKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005466 alkylenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical group [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001422 barium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VJGNLOIQCWLBJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(tributyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VJGNLOIQCWLBJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- CHQVQXZFZHACQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(triethyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CHQVQXZFZHACQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- YTRIOKYQEVFKGU-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(tripropyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YTRIOKYQEVFKGU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- IKWKJIWDLVYZIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M butyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 IKWKJIWDLVYZIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- MFIUDWFSVDFDDY-UHFFFAOYSA-M butyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MFIUDWFSVDFDDY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- RQNCKGZETNCAMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M butyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 RQNCKGZETNCAMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- NTEVYDVXXMVLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylphosphane;hydroiodide Chemical class [I-].CCCC[PH3+] NTEVYDVXXMVLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QOQHDJZWGSAHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylphosphanium;bromide Chemical class [Br-].CCCC[PH3+] QOQHDJZWGSAHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CXUFAAUKTHVLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[PH3+] CXUFAAUKTHVLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XJWSAJYUBXQQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C XJWSAJYUBXQQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- WJLUBOLDZCQZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexadecyl(trimethyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WJLUBOLDZCQZEV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- LGPJVNLAZILZGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexadecyl(trimethyl)azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LGPJVNLAZILZGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- RKHXQBLJXBGEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC RKHXQBLJXBGEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium iodide Chemical compound [I-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- RXMRGBVLCSYIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)C RXMRGBVLCSYIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- BJAARRARQJZURR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound O.CN(C)C BJAARRARQJZURR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CURCMGVZNYCRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylazanium;iodide Chemical compound I.CN(C)C CURCMGVZNYCRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001417 caesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
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- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
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- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 6
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N Dialdehyde 11678 Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1[C@H](C[C@H](/C(=C/O)C(=O)OC)[C@@H](C=C)C=O)NCC2 ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920004935 Trevira® Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种制备二元醇的催化剂,特别是用在二氧化碳存在下将环氧烷烃催化水解转化为相应的二元醇。所述的催化剂是基于M1 a[M2(CN)b L1 c]d · x [M3 mXn] · y L2 · z H2O为主催化剂和通式为R1R2 3YX1的盐或碱,或与结构为M4X2的混合物为助催化剂组成的二元或三元复合体系。式中, M1、M2和M3是二价或三价金属离子,M4为NH4 +、碱金属离子或碱土金属离子。主要解决以往技术方案中水和环氧烷烃的摩尔比高,能耗大和副产物多的缺陷。本发明的益处是该类催化体系可有效抑制一缩二醇、二缩二醇和聚醚等副产物的形成,可在低的水/环氧烷烃摩尔比的条件下高选择性生成二元醇,较好地解决了以往技术方案中存在的问题,显著降低生产成本,可用于各种二元醇的工业生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开了一种制备二元醇的催化剂,具体地说涉及一种基于降低能耗的催化环氧烷烃水合法生产单二元醇的高效催化剂。
背景技术
乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇等单二元醇是一类被广泛使用的基础化工原料。如乙二醇主要用于生产聚酯纤维、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯塑料和树脂,以及用作表面活性剂、增塑剂、乙二醇醚、乙二醛、乙二酸等化工产品的原料。此外,它还被用作为高沸点极性溶剂,汽车散热器的防冻剂和发动机的致冷剂等。
目前,生产二元醇的方法主要是通过液相水解环氧烷烃。该反应涉及亲核取代反应,水作为亲核试剂在一定条件下使环氧烷烃开环。由于最初形成的二元醇也可充当亲核试剂使环氧烷烃开环,所以环氧烷烃的液相水解反应除了生成目标产物二元醇的主反应外,还同时产生一定量的副产物,如一缩二醇、二缩二醇和聚醚等,如下式(1)所示,环氧烷烃水解过程中可能的副反应。
为了增加单二元醇的选择性,需要抑制最初水解产物与环氧烷烃之间的二次反应。抑制二次反应的有效手段是增加反应体系中水的相对量,例如水与环氧烷烃的摩尔比达15~25﹕1。尽管这一方式在一定程度上改善了单二元醇的选择性,但水解反应后需要消耗大量能量脱除水,需要设置多个蒸发器,造成生产工艺流程长,设备投资大、能耗高,是一种非常不经济的生产方法。
另一抑制二次反应的有效措施是选用合适的水解催化剂,不但可以提高反应选择性,而且还能有效地降低过量水的使用量。已有多种催化剂被开发出来,具有代表性的专利文献有强碱性(阴离子)交换树脂、固体酸、硅胶骨架催化剂等(例如:CN 1282310A、EP-A-0156449、USA-4982021、USA-6153801、CN 1559684、CN 1237481A、JP 62-126145等)。CN 1765861A公开了氧化铌(12%Nb2O5/TiO2-SiO2)为催化剂,在水与环氧丙烷的摩尔比为5和180℃下反应1小时,环氧丙烷的转化率>99%,1,2-丙二醇的选择性94%。但这类催化剂存在树脂溶胀、活性组分易流失和传热困难等问题。CN 86107894公开了以甲酸钠或乙酸钾为催化剂的反应体系,在水/环氧丙烷的摩尔比为2和160℃下,1,2-丙二醇的选择性在90%以上;JP 62-126145公开了以羧酸/羧酸盐组合催化剂进行环氧丙烷的催化水解工艺,在160℃下反应1小时,1,2-丙二醇的选择性在91~93%。尽管环氧烷烃催化水解工艺减少了过量水的用量,但单二元醇的选择性仍有待提高。下式(2)是两步法合成二元醇:
由于环氧烷烃和二氧化碳在合适催化剂的作用下可以高选择性合成相应的环状碳酸酯,而形成的环状碳酸酯在催化剂或无催化剂条件下在高温下易于水解,高选择性得到单亚烷基二元醇。以环氧丙烷为例,如(2)所示。EP 776890、JP 5690029、JP 57106631、GB 2098895A、GB 2107712、US 4400559、US 4508927、CN 1955152A、CN 1850755A、CN 101121641A、CN 101238087、CN 102060657A等公开了一种间接均相催化水合法,它是用环氧乙烷和二氧化碳为原料先通过环加成反应生成碳酸乙烯酯后,碳酸乙烯酯再与水发生水解反应制备乙二醇,水与环氧乙烷的摩尔比可降到5﹕1以下,乙二醇的选择性可达到98%。如EP 776890将来自环氧乙烷反应器的气体提供给吸收器,在所述吸收器中吸收液主要含有碳酸乙烯酯和乙二醇。将吸收溶液中的环氧乙烷提供给反应器,在催化剂作用下转化为碳酸乙烯酯。吸收溶液中的碳酸乙烯酯随后与加入的水一起提供给水解反应器,最终转化为乙二醇。CN 101238087公开在二氧化碳存在下,用卤化物、钼酸盐和大环冠醚的组合催化剂用于环氧烷烃水解制备亚烷基二醇,在水/环氧烷烃的摩尔比为4,单二醇的选择性最高达98%。CN 102060657A描述了用金属盐、离子液体以及季铵盐组成的催化体系催化二氧化碳与环氧化合物的环加成反应制备环状碳酸酯。分离催化剂后的环状碳酸酯通过用负载碱性离子液体催化剂水解成相应的二元醇,选择性≥98%。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种低的水/环氧烷烃摩尔比条件下,制备单二元醇的催化剂,主要解决以往技术方案中水与环氧烷烃的摩尔比高,能耗大和副产物多的缺陷。本发明通过在催化反应体系中引入二氧化碳来限制一缩二醇、二缩二醇和聚醚等副产物的形成,可在低的水/环氧烷烃摩尔比的条件下高选择性生成二元醇(如下式所示),较好地解决了以往技术方案中存在的问题,显著降低生产成本,可用于各种二元醇的工业生产。
式中,R1和R2是H、CH2Cl、具有1~10个碳原子的烷基、芳基或苄氧基;n为3或4。
所使用的多组分催化剂由主催化剂和助催化剂构成。
主催化剂一般可由如下通式表示:
M1 a[M2(CN)b L1 c]d · x [M3 mXn]· y L2 · z H2O
式中,M1和M3选自Zn2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cu2+、Cr3+、Al3+、Sn2+、Cd2+或Pb2+,优选Zn2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Fe2+、Fe3+;
M2选自Co3+、Ni2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Cr3+、Mn3+或Cu2+;
L1为与M2配位的内界配体,选自以C、H、N、O、P和S组成的单齿或多齿配体;
X为不是氰基的负离子,选自F−、Cl−、Br−、I−、NO3 −、CH3COO−、SO4 2−、甲基苯甲酸根、对甲基苯磺酸根、邻-硝基苯酚氧、对-硝基苯酚氧、间-硝基苯酚氧负离子或有机羧酸根负离子;
L2选自水溶性杂原子有机络合剂,如:醇、醛、酮、醚、酯、酰胺、脲、腈、硫化物或其混合物,优选叔丁醇、异丙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、乙二醇单甲醚、二甲氧基乙烷、二乙二醇二甲醚和叔戊醇;
a,b,d,m和n取值满足正负电荷数平衡,其中b为正整数;
x为正数,c,y和z为零或正数;
a/x = 0.01~5。
助催化剂是通式为R1R2 3YX1的盐或碱,或与结构为M4X2的混合物,式中:R1为C1~C16烷基,R2为C1~C6烷基或苯基;Y为氮、磷或砷元素;X1为Cl-1、Br-1、I-1、NO3 -1、CH3COO-1、ClO4 -1、BF4 -1、OH-1、BPh4 -1或N3 -1一价负离子;M4为NH4 +、钾、钠、锂、铯或Mg、Ca或Ba离子;X2为Cl-1、Br-1、I-1、NO3 -1、CH3COO-1、ClO4 -1、BF4 -1、OH-1、BPh4 -1、HCO3 -1、N3 -1、H2PO4 -、SO4 2-、CO3 2-或PO4 3-等负离子。R1R2 3YX1是四甲基氯化铵、四甲基溴化铵、四甲基碘化铵、四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氯化铵、四乙基溴化铵、四乙基碘化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基氯化铵、四丁基碘化铵、四丁基氢氧化铵、四丙基碘化铵、四丙基溴化铵、四丙基氯化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、苄基三乙基碘化铵、苄基三乙基溴化铵、苄基三乙基氯化铵、苄基三丙基氯化铵、苄基三丁基氯化铵、苄基三丁基溴化铵、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十六烷基三甲基碘化铵、十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、十二烷基三甲基溴化铵、十二烷基三甲基碘化铵、十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵;季鏻盐是四丁基碘化鏻、四丁基溴化鏻、四丁基氯化鏻、丁基三苯基溴化鏻、苄基三苯基溴化鏻、丁基三苯基碘化鏻、丁基三苯基氯化鏻、丙基三苯基溴化鏻;季胂盐是四丁基溴化胂。M4X2为LiCl、LiBr、KCl、NaCl、NaBr、LiOH、NaOH、KOH、Na2SO4、K2SO4、Li2CO3、Na2CO3、K2CO3、Cs2CO3、NaHCO3、KHCO3、KH2PO4、MgCl2、CaCl2、MgSO4、CaSO4、BaSO4或BaCO3。
催化剂中主催化剂与助催化剂(以R1R2 3YX1为计算单元)的摩尔比为1﹕1~50;助催化剂中R1R2 3YX1与M4X2的摩尔比为1﹕0~100。
反应体系中水和环氧烷烃的摩尔比为0.8﹕1~2﹕1,主催化剂与环氧烷烃的摩尔比为1﹕500~500000,优选1﹕2000~200000。反应温度为20~220℃,优选60~160℃;二氧化碳压力为0.1~6MPa,优选1~5MPa;反应时间为0.5~72小时。
具体实施方式
以下结合技术方案详细叙述本发明的具体实施例。其中,实施例表1~表3是本发明的实施例;实施例表4是对比例。
实施例
在200 mL高压釜中根据如下过程进行。
通用反应条件:实施例表1~表3
在不锈钢高压釜中与环境温度下按下列顺序加入:一定量的主催化剂(权利要求书中第二条描述的任何一种金属配合物)、助催化剂R1R2 3YX1和化合物M4X2 (如果需要的话),然后向已密封的高压釜分别泵入50 mL环氧烷烃和设定量的水,通入二氧化碳气体,并快速升至设定温度,通过调节阀恒定反应体系二氧化碳压力。将高压釜保持在适当的温度和压力下及在规则时间间隔下取样,并通过气相色谱和核磁分析,给出转化率和单二元醇选择性。
反应条件:实施例表4
在不锈钢高压釜中与环境温度下按下列顺序加入:一定量的主催化剂(权利要求书中第二条描述的任何一种金属配合物)、助催化剂R1R2 3YX1和化合物M4X2 (如果需要的话),然后向已密封的高压釜分别泵入的50 mL环氧烷烃和设定量的水,快速升至设定温度。将高压釜保持在适当的温度下及在规则时间间隔下取样,并通过气相色谱和核磁分析,给出转化率和单二元醇选择性。
本发明的实施例说明了二氧化碳存在下这些催化剂在催化环氧烷烃水解反应的高活性(转化率)和单二元醇的优异选择性。在二氧化碳不存在的情况下(参见对比例表4),单二元醇的选择性选择性显著下降。此外,复合催化剂中单一组分作催化剂时,不但环氧烷烃转化率很低,而且单二元醇选择性也通常比较低。
表1
注:主催化剂/R1R2 3YX1/M4X2=1/1/10,摩尔比。
表2
注:主催化剂/R1R2 3YX1/M4X2=1/1/10,摩尔比。
表3
注:主催化剂/R1R2 3YX1/M4X2=1/1/10,摩尔比。
表4
注:主催化剂/R1R2 3YX1/M4X2=1/1/10,摩尔比。
Claims (6)
1.一种制备二元醇的催化剂,其特征在于:由主催化剂和助催化剂组成;
主催化剂的通式是M1 a[M2(CN)bL1 c]d·x[M3 mXn]·y L2·z H2O;
式中,M1和M3选自Zn2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cu2+、Cr3+、Al3+、Sn2+、Cd2+或Pb2+;
M2选自Co3+、Ni2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Cr3+、Mn3+或Cu2+;
L1为与M2配位的内界配体,选自以C、H、N、O、P或S组成的单齿或多齿配体;
X为F-、Cl-、Br-、I-、NO3 -、CH3COO-、SO4 2-、甲基苯甲酸根、对甲基苯磺酸根、邻-硝基苯酚氧、对-硝基苯酚氧、间-硝基苯酚氧负离子或有机羧酸根负离子;
L2选自水溶性杂原子有机络合剂;a、b、d、m和n取值满足正负电荷数平衡,其中b为正整数;x为正数,c、y和z为零或正数;a/x=0.01~5;
助催化剂是通式为R1R2 3YX1的盐、通式为R1R2 3YX1碱、通式为R1R2 3YX1的盐与结构为M4X2的混合物或通式为R1R2 3YX1的碱与结构为M4X2的混合物
其中,R1为C1~C16烷基,R2为C1~C6烷基或苯基;
Y为氮、磷或砷元素;X1为Cl-1、Br-1、I-1、NO3 -1、CH3COO-1、ClO4 -1、BF4 -1、OH-1、BPh4 -1或N3 -1一价负离子;
M4为NH4 +、钾、钠、铯、锂、钙、镁或钡离子;
X2为Cl-1、Br-1、I-1、NO3 -1、CH3COO-1、ClO4 -1、BF4 -1、OH-1、BPh4 -1、HCO3 -1、N3 -1、H2PO4 -、SO4 2-、CO3 2-或PO4 3-负离子;
以R1R2 3YX1为计算单元,催化剂中主催化剂与助催化剂的摩尔比为1﹕1~50;助催化剂中R1R2 3YX1与M4X2的摩尔比为1﹕0~100。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于,L2是醇、醛、酮、醚、酯、酰胺、脲、腈、硫化物或其混合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的催化剂,其特征在于,L2是叔丁醇、异丙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、乙二醇单甲醚、二甲氧基乙烷、二乙二醇二甲醚或叔戊醇。
4.根据权利要求3所述的催化剂,其特征在于,R1R2 3YX1是四甲基氯化铵、四甲基溴化铵、四甲基碘化铵、四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氯化铵、四乙基溴化铵、四乙基碘化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基氯化铵、四丁基碘化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四丁基氢氧化铵、四丙基碘化铵、四丙基溴化铵、四丙基氯化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、苄基三乙基碘化铵、苄基三乙基溴化铵、苄基三乙基氯化铵、苄基三丙基氯化铵、苄基三丁基氯化铵、苄基三丁基溴化铵、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十六烷基三甲基碘化铵、十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、十二烷基三甲基溴化铵、十二烷基三甲基碘化铵、十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵、四丁基碘化鏻、四丁基溴化鏻、四丁基氯化鏻、丁基三苯基溴化鏻、苄基三苯基溴化鏻、丁基三苯基碘化鏻、丁基三苯基氯化鏻、丙基三苯基溴化鏻或四丁基溴化胂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的催化剂,其特征在于,
M4X2为LiCl、LiBr、KCl、NaCl、NaBr、LiOH、NaOH、KOH、Na2SO4、K2SO4、Li2CO3、Na2CO3、K2CO3、Cs2CO3、NaHCO3、KHCO3、KH2PO4、MgCl2、CaCl2、MgSO4、CaSO4、BaSO4、NH4Cl、(NH4)2CO3、NH4HCO3或BaCO3。
6.一种使用权利1、2、3、4或5所述的催化剂用于制备二元醇的方法,其特征在于催化在二氧化碳存在下水和环氧烷烃(Ⅰ)反应直接制备二元醇(Ⅱ);应用所述的催化剂,反应体系中水和环氧烷烃的摩尔比为0.8﹕1~2﹕1,主催化剂与环氧烷烃的摩尔比为1﹕500~500000;反应温度为20~220℃;二氧化碳压力为0.1~6MPa;反应时间为0.5~72小时;
式中,R1和R2是H、CH2Cl、具有1~10个碳原子的烷基、芳基或苄氧基;n为3或4。
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