CN102870614A - Corn yield increasing method by retarding normal growth of male tassels of corn - Google Patents
Corn yield increasing method by retarding normal growth of male tassels of corn Download PDFInfo
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- CN102870614A CN102870614A CN2012102592669A CN201210259266A CN102870614A CN 102870614 A CN102870614 A CN 102870614A CN 2012102592669 A CN2012102592669 A CN 2012102592669A CN 201210259266 A CN201210259266 A CN 201210259266A CN 102870614 A CN102870614 A CN 102870614A
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Abstract
The invention provides a corn yield increasing method by retarding normal growth of male tassels of corn. The corn yield increasing method is characterized by directly retarding stem nodes of the male tassels when the stem nodes start to form laminar adhesion and before the male tassels are budding to bloom, wherein the method is at least one work of arranging an obstacle, ligaturing, coldly or thermally treating or spraying glue on the tops of the male tassels. Through taking measures of retarding the normal growth of the male tassels of the plant, the growth development and powder dispersion of the male tassels are retarded on the premise of not damaging functional organs of the plant before and after the male tassels are budding, so as to centralize nutrients to be supplied to female tassels, so that barren stalks are decreased, grain weight is increased, and the identical yield increasing effect of castration is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to International Classification of Patents A01 agricultural technology field, especially a kind of corn yield increasing method that blocks the maize male ears normal growth.
Background technology
In the existing corn yield increasing technology, sum up and mainly comprise four classes, that is:
One, defoliation: when maize seedling length to 5 slice leaf, with blade the above plant of the 1st leaf is all prescinded, and the 1st leaf also extractd with hand.Because of the growing point of maize seedling at this moment also below the soil table, so second day behind the defoliation, plant will grow young leaves.Corn ratio behind the priming leaf is thick, steady long, the bald point minimizing of stem stalk of defoliation not, can increase production 30%.
Two, folding point: reel off raw silk from cocoons the middle and later periods in the full field of corn, become knuckle with record book in accordion form between the 2nd on plant top that knot rod not reels off raw silk from cocoons and the 3rd leaf, but can not fracture, namely tied rod in 4-5 days to reel off raw silk from cocoons behind folding, the general 2-4 of stipes days of being rolled over of quilt can restore to the original state.Through practice, can make in this way the empty stalk rate of corn drop to 2-5% by original 15-40%, average mu volume increase 15-25 kilogram.
Three, restraining the growth of seedlings: after the corn final singling, restrain the growth of seedlings before the maize male ears differentiation before the jointing.Specific practice is: preferably in the situation, take Controlled irrigation in the Maize at Seedling Stage soil moisture, repeatedly intertillage is taken off root and is shone native measure, promotes root system to clump Shenzhen Development Bank, and the excessive growth of control overground part, makes corn seedling base portion pier real sturdy, is conducive to the drought resisting lodging-prevention.Through the milpa of restraining the growth of seedlings, the stem stalk is sturdy, and root is many, bury dark, behind the jointing growth rapidly, the basal internode tubbiness, aerial root is many, female fringe occurs early, fruit ear greatly and the fringe position is low, bald point is few, seed is many, output is high.
Four, castrate: just extracted not yet loose powder out at maize male ears, with the tassel that manually removes by a certain percentage the part plant, detassel is a simple well stimulation.Reduce plant nutrition consumption after castrating, the nutrient of blooming for tassel is transferred to female fringe, and can doublely control corn borer.Method is: corn enters the every morning of taking out male beginning, and the tassel of just extracting out is pulled out.The ratio of castrating can adopt interlacing to castrate, or removes 1 row every 2 row, also can adopt with 1 row and castrate every strain, no matter how ratio is castrated, full field strain number is no more than 30-50%, several row in near-earth limit should not be castrated, in order to avoid the impact pollination.
Five, pollination: corn carries out artificial pollination, can satisfy the fertilization that the fruit ear top goes out filigree late, overcomes the impact of unfavorable factor, reduces bald point, lacks grain, realizes that grain is full greatly.Amount of increase in production is at 8-10%.Concrete grammar is: when corn is bloomed when reeling off raw silk from cocoons the phase, in morning during 9-11, haul with long rope two people and to pollinate, or make a T-square frame, the shake-up tassel of walking about in the field makes it loose powder, guarantees to go out late the filigree pollination.Can carry out once every other day, can carry out 3-4 time once a day in the later stage of blooming, can satisfy the requirement of pollination.After taking out hero, blooming, in time remove the field vacant hill, can increase intensity of illumination, reduce strongly fragrant consumption of covering with moisture, nutrient, be conducive to increase grain heavy.
Wherein, the technical measures except the detassel fringe generally receive publicity.Namely refer to remove the operation of male organs.Corresponding is the castration of animal, when hybridization, for fear of there being flower to be pollinated, according to structure and flowering habit different of flower, so also institute is different in operation, had plenty of before the tassel cracking male flower bud incision, mechanically tassel is removed, or make male powder make it to lose function with thermal treatment.
The Summer Maize interlacing is castrated and just have been exposed top at maize male ears with exactlying, and when also not having loose powder, interlacing or pull out tassel every strain utilizes the pollen of adjacent lines or all border district tassel to pollinate for its female fringe.Castrate and fringe period should just expose top at tassel and not yet repeatedly carry out during loose powder, GPRS is castrated opportunity well, avoids too early or excessively late.Can extract 1/3 out at tassel, carry out in the time of long 5～8 centimetres, castrate after the morning, dew was done and be advisable; Notice that rand keeps 1 row corn and do not castrate.Pollination finishes, and after most filigrees are withered, remaining tassel is all removed again.In order to guarantee enough pollen amounts, generally remove 1 row every 1 row, or go 1 strain every 1 strain; Castration strain number surpasses half of sum.For many years field production practices prove, spike length increases by 1.3～2.4 centimetres behind the detassel, and number of grain per ear increases by 18～33, thousand kernel weight increases by 16～28 grams, can receive 50～75 kg corn grains more for general every mu, castrate and drop into artificial 1～1.5, flat 40～80 yuan of the incomes that have a net increase of of mu.
The reason that yield-increasing technology is castrated in the corn interlacing mainly comprises:
1, reduce nutrient consumption, it is cross pollinated plant that early flowering becomes cooked maize, and by wind pollination, its pollination rate 95% is from different strain.That is to say that maize ear fully can fertilization by this strain tassel pollen.The female fringe of nutrient centralizedly supply behind the detassel can promote female fringe to grow, and takes out in advance filigree 2-3 days, increases female Honoka silk pollination time.Namely reach prematurity, early pollination, premature ripening, increase grain and increase the heavy effect of fringe.
2, ventilation and penetrating light has reduced the concealment of tassel to blade behind the raising utility rate of luminous energy detassel, has reduced the covering of pollinia to blade, has greatly improved fruit ear upper leaf printing opacity condition; Detassel can reduce plant height 30-40 centimetre in the ranks simultaneously, and the field is asked and formed many air channels, improved the ventilation condition of upper blade.Thereby improved the luminous energy activity ratio, and strengthened the photosynthesis function, can make more photosynthetic product, supply with kernel grouting, reduce empty stalk, bald point, increase grain heavy, improve output.
3, alleviate various insect pests, favourable increasing both production and income facts have proved, during detassel, concentrates the overlapping emergence period on the occasion of corn stalk borer and fringe aphid.Because corn stalk borer is many in the tender lobus cardiacus harm of children, so when castrating, observing to be careful more, people firmly will have the tassel of borer and fringe aphid to pull out.Will receive like this and castrate and control the effect that worm gets both, favourable increasing both production and income.
The correlation technique content is less in the publication document, and is early stage heading stage at the tassel of corn growth such as Chinese patent application number 01131445.1 detassel yield-increasing technology, in maize field, every two row corn carried out the full line tassel and pulls out.Pull out the young tassel of all the strain corns in the full line.Pull out for the first time the first row corn children tassel, pull out the 4th row for the second time, the like.In whole plot, there is 1/3rd corn to be pulled out tassel.
In a word, because castration of short duration difficult grasp on opportunity, and often occur because of misoperation impact pollination in hurry castration in a hurry in the prior art, or the situation of damage functional leaf, cause emasculation technique enforcement to be restricted.In addition, remove tassel excessive to the milpa injury, in a long time a large amount of nutrition are transferred and repair wound, and Here it is removes the main cause that tassel fails to reach volume increase.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of corn yield increasing method that blocks the maize male ears normal growth, the method can block the tassel normal growth and grow and loose powder under the prerequisite of not damaging the plant Functional tissue before and after tassel goes out bud.Retardance tassel normal growth slows down or reduces plant top tassel nutrient consumption, makes trophic transfer to seed, realizes effect of increasing production.
Purpose of the present invention will realize by following technical measures: begin when the tassel stipes forms still adhesion of layer, before going out bud and wait out to tassel, directly the tassel stipes is blocked, its method is to place obstacles at the tassel top, takes at least a operation in hot and cold processing or the glue spraying.
Advantage of the present invention and effect: by plant being taked block the measure of tassel stipes growth, can block tassel before and after tassel goes out bud under the prerequisite of not damaging the plant Functional tissue grows and loose powder, to concentrate the female fringe of nutrient supply, reduce empty stalk, improve grain heavy, with the identical effect of increasing production that realizes castrating.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
When the tassel stipes forms still adhesion of layer, before going out bud and wait out to tassel, directly the tassel stipes is blocked, its method is to place obstacles at the tassel top, takes at least a operation in hot and cold processing or the glue spraying.
During above technology is implemented, take the fine morning 10 be to carry out as good at 4 o'clock in afternoon, this moment, plant moisture was less, the frangibility cauline leaf wound do not occur and easily heals.
During manipulation, hold plant tassel stipes below 5-15 centimeters with left hand, plant is stooped slightly, the right hand is held operation, is cautious of doing to hinder top.
In aforementioned, with tie tight tassel stipes below of sling, to dwindle former stipes diameter 1/3.
In aforementioned, hot and cold processing namely imposes 5-10 ℃ of cryostat to the tassel stipes, or 60-80 ℃ of heating bath, in the situation that the tassel stipes is not caused frostbite or scald, sluggish even prevention tassel is grown.
In aforementioned, glue spraying namely with the water-fast colloid solvent or diluent of modulation, sprays or dip-coating is rolled in outside the tassel stipes.As adopt amylan etc., so that the not regrowth of tassel stipes, until atrophy.
Place obstacles in aforementioned and namely be stained with rubberizing paper retardance tassel normal growth at the tassel top.
Among the present invention, concrete technology also comprises in the enforcement:
1, the operation of not yet blooming before the loose powder is implemented optimumly, and its effect is also best.The selection fine day is advisable, and is generally better at 16 in afternoon with at 9 in the morning.Because temperature is higher during this period of time, easily heal in case wound occurs.
2, take interlacing or every strain operation, the capable not implementation and operation in limit because the license operational period reaches 10 days, therefore can carefully operate, or take simultaneously the two or more processing methods in above-mentioned.In addition, be also noted that the tassel of pulling out in weak plant, weak strain and the worm strain.
3, the plant quantity of operation can account for 35～40% of full field; And live corn of summer, it is comparatively suitable that operation quantity generally accounts for full field 45～50%.
4, during operation, the blade of topmost is not removed.Because the milpa top vane is very large to the formation effect of kernel grouting and economic flow rate.Test shows, castrates and generally can make corn yield increasing 6.83～10.35%, and 1 leaf of taking then can the underproduction 2.37～2.79%, the 2 leaf underproduction 4.49～6.14% of taking, the 3 leaf underproduction 10.28～12.45% of taking.Therefore, must grasp during castration and not be with top vane, just can reach the purpose of volume increase.
5, the male laggard pedestrian worker's supplementary pollination of resistance, effect is more remarkable.Namely between heading flowering period, when pollinia was scattered when utilizing early 8-10, interlacing pushed away the strain shake, increases pollination ability between different strain, continuous 2-3 days, increases production more remarkable.
Among the present invention, by plant being taked block the measure of tassel stipes growth, can go out bud front and back inhibition male flower under the prerequisite of not damaging the plant Functional tissue at male flower grows and loose flower, to concentrate the female fringe of nutrient supply, reduce empty stalk, improve grain heavy, with the identical effect of increasing production that realizes castrating.
The present invention also has eliminating pest, reduces the effect in worm source.Because tassel is corn borer main harm and spawning place, corn borer often is gathered in the typhon mouth and takes food, and gnaws first tassel, reduces the pollen manufacture, secondly lays eggs, and kills and devour other position after the hatching.After implementing aforementioned techniques, the tassel impaired development is sluggish, eventually with atrophy, reduces field corn snout moth's larva source.
Claims (7)
1. corn yield increasing method that blocks the maize male ears normal growth, it is characterized in that, when forming still adhesion of layer, the tassel stipes begins, before going out bud and wait out to tassel, directly the tassel stipes is blocked, its method is to place obstacles at the tassel top, takes at least a operation in hot and cold processing or the glue spraying.
2. a kind of corn yield increasing method that blocks the maize male ears normal growth as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, with the fine morning 10 be to carry out at 4 o'clock in afternoon, this moment, plant moisture was less, the frangibility cauline leaf wound do not occur and easily heals.
3. a kind of corn yield increasing method that blocks the maize male ears normal growth as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, during manipulation, holds plant tassel stipes below 5-15 centimeters with left hand, and plant is stooped slightly, and the right hand is held operation, is cautious of doing to hinder top.
4. a kind of corn yield increasing method that blocks the maize male ears normal growth as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, with tie tight tassel stipes below of sling, to dwindle former stipes diameter 1/3.
5. a kind of corn yield increasing method that blocks the maize male ears normal growth as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, hot and cold processing namely imposes 5-10 ℃ of cryostat to the tassel stipes, or 60-80 ℃ of heating bath, in the situation that the tassel stipes is not caused frostbite or scald, sluggish even prevention tassel is grown.
6. a kind of corn yield increasing method that blocks the maize male ears normal growth as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, glue spraying namely with the water-fast colloid solvent or diluent of modulation, sprays or dip-coating is rolled in outside the tassel stipes.
7. a kind of corn yield increasing method that blocks the maize male ears normal growth as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is stained with rubberizing paper at the tassel top, retardance tassel normal growth.
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| CN2012102592669A CN102870614A (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2012-07-25 | Corn yield increasing method by retarding normal growth of male tassels of corn |
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| CN2012102592669A CN102870614A (en) | 2012-07-25 | 2012-07-25 | Corn yield increasing method by retarding normal growth of male tassels of corn |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103583194A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-02-19 | 固镇县淮鸿灰天鹅养殖专业合作社 | Corn barreness prevention method |
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| CN1082811A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-03-02 | 湖南农学院 | Method for preparing indica-japonica hybrid rice seeds by low-temperature castration |
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| CN101627693A (en) * | 2009-08-10 | 2010-01-20 | 彭常安 | Cotton ring embedded high-yield culturing technology |
| CN201860612U (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2011-06-15 | 王华新 | Plant branch hanging device |
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2012
- 2012-07-25 CN CN2012102592669A patent/CN102870614A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1082811A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-03-02 | 湖南农学院 | Method for preparing indica-japonica hybrid rice seeds by low-temperature castration |
| CN1406463A (en) * | 2001-09-10 | 2003-04-02 | 李跃强 | Corn increase technology by corn emasculation |
| CN101385427A (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2009-03-18 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for increasing corn quantity |
| CN101627693A (en) * | 2009-08-10 | 2010-01-20 | 彭常安 | Cotton ring embedded high-yield culturing technology |
| CN201860612U (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2011-06-15 | 王华新 | Plant branch hanging device |
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| 刘宗伯等: "玉米高温杀雄的成因与防御", 《农业经济与科技》 * |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103583194A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-02-19 | 固镇县淮鸿灰天鹅养殖专业合作社 | Corn barreness prevention method |
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Application publication date: 20130116 |