CN102859303B - 用于通过空气蒸馏生产氧的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于通过空气蒸馏生产氧的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102859303B
CN102859303B CN201080039753.3A CN201080039753A CN102859303B CN 102859303 B CN102859303 B CN 102859303B CN 201080039753 A CN201080039753 A CN 201080039753A CN 102859303 B CN102859303 B CN 102859303B
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pressure
air stream
air
compressor
clean unit
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CN102859303A (zh
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M·科尼亚尔
R·杜贝蒂尔-格勒尼耶
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J3/04121—Steam turbine as the prime mechanical driver
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
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    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J3/04133—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04145—Mechanically coupling of different compressors of the air fractionation process to the same driver(s)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
    • F25J3/04206—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions including a so-called "auxiliary vaporiser" for vaporising and producing a gaseous product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
    • F25J3/04533—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the direct combustion of fuels in a power plant, so-called "oxyfuel combustion"
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
    • F25J3/04551—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the metal production
    • F25J3/04557—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the metal production for pig iron or steel making, e.g. blast furnace, Corex
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04612—Heat exchange integration with process streams, e.g. from the air gas consuming unit
    • F25J3/04618—Heat exchange integration with process streams, e.g. from the air gas consuming unit for cooling an air stream fed to the air fractionation unit
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    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
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    • F25J3/04957—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network and inter-connecting equipments upstream of the fractionation unit (s), i.e. at the "front-end"
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    • F25J2205/62—Purifying more than one feed stream in multiple adsorption vessels, e.g. for two feed streams at different pressures
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    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/40—One fluid being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/42—One fluid being nitrogen

Abstract

在一种用于通过蒸馏来生产氧的方法中，供应处于大气压力下的空气以便产生第一压缩空气流和第二压缩空气流并使其通过第一净化单元(5)和第二净化单元(7)，所述第一压缩空气流和第二压缩空气流以第一压力和第二压力从压缩装置排出，所述第一压力和第二压力具有至少0.5bar的压力差：在第一压力下将第一压缩空气流从压缩装置的第一出口输送到第一净化单元以便产生第一经净化的空气流；将第一经净化的空气流从第一净化单元输送到塔系统(15)的塔；将第二经净化的空气流以至少部分冷凝的形式从第二净化单元输送到塔系统的塔；从塔系统抽出富氧液体；通过至少与第二经净化的空气流进行热交换而使所述富氧液体气化；并且将所述富氧流体作为物料提供。

Description

用于通过空气蒸馏生产氧的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于通过蒸馏空气来生产氧的方法和设备。本发明例如应用于生产很大量的氧，其中所需的氧压力处于介于例如5bar与20bar之间的范围内。氧在一个或多个大型空气蒸馏单元中产生，其中有利的是使用泵来使在蒸馏单元中产生的液氧达到上述压力，并且通过与被压缩到足以允许氧气化的压力的产热流体进行热交换来使液氧气化，该产热流体通常是压力增加的空气。因此避免了使用总是棘手的氧压缩机。
背景技术
此类空气分离单元(ASU)中的普遍作法是在并联安装的一个或多个主空气压缩机中压缩处于大气压下的空气。这样压缩的空气通过制冷装置被冷却到通常介于例如5℃与40℃之间的范围内。这样冷却的空气在一个或多个净化单元中进行处理，其中诸如水、CO2和碳氢化合物之类的杂质大部分被去除。
一部分这种这样净化的空气被输送到增压器，其中空气经历通常超过10bar的附加压缩步骤，并且例如形成用于使诸如氧之类的一种或多种产品气化的产热流体。
通过ASU生产大量氧需要在净化单元中净化大量空气，并且为了进行净化，需要使能够处理一定量的空气的这些净化单元的尺寸最小化。
同心床型净化单元的使用使得可以减小这些单元的尺寸，这种尺寸减小也能通过升高这些单元中的净化空气的压力或者通过降低其温度来获得。
US-A-5337570记载了一种方法，其中在不同压力下净化两股空气流，但这些流中的一股的压力随即增加到较高的压力以便能够使经加压的液氧流气化。
本发明旨在减少现有技术的缺陷并且使得可以通过避免在净化单元后增设任何空气增压器而代之以在净化单元中净化空气的步骤前进行等同的压缩来降低投资成本。
净化单元将处理两种不同压力下的两股空气流，即处于介于5bar与9bar之间或者可能地介于2bar与4bar之间的第一压力下的第一空气流和处于介于11bar与50bar之间或者可能地介于4.5bar与8bar之间的第二压力下的第二空气流。
发明内容
本发明的一个主题是一种用于通过在一装置中蒸馏空气来生产氧的方法，所述装置包括：至少一个塔系统；至少一个交换管线；通过电动机和/或通过蒸汽轮机驱动并且被供应处于大气压下的空气以产生一股第一加压空气流和一股第二加压空气流的至少一个压缩装置；一个第一净化单元；一个第二净化单元，所述第一加压空气流和第二加压空气流以第一压力和第二压力离开压缩装置，第二压力比第一压力高至少0.5bar，可能高至少5bar，可能地高至少10bar，甚至高至少25bar，并且第二压力为用于供给到塔系统中的任何空气流中的最高压力；在该方法中，大致在第一压力下将第一加压空气流从压缩装置的第一出口输送到第一净化单元，以便产生在水和二氧化碳方面被净化的第一空气流，大致在第二压力下将第二加压空气流从压缩装置的第二出口输送到第二净化单元，以便产生在水和二氧化碳方面被净化的第二空气流，可在第一压力下在交换管线中冷却经净化的第一流，可在第二压力下在交换管线中冷却经净化的第二流，将经净化的第一空气流从第一净化单元输送到塔系统的一个塔，将来自第二净化单元的经净化的第二空气流以至少部分冷凝的形式输送到塔系统的一个塔，从塔系统抽出富氧液体，使该富氧液体可在交换管线中或者在辅助气化器中通过至少与处于第二压力下的经净化的第二流进行热交换而气化并且被作为产品传送。
根据本发明的其它主题：
-两股加压空气流之间的压力差为最多4bar或者可为至少1bar和最多3bar。
-两股加压空气流之间的压力差为至少5bar且最多30bar，或者可为至少15bar且最多25bar。
-经净化的第一空气流的至少一部分被输送到塔系统的与经净化的第二空气流被输送到的同一塔中。
-第二流的任何部分不会被输送到塔系统的再沸器中。
-第二压力比第一压力高至少5bar。
-第二压力比第一压力高至少10bar。
-第二压力比第一压力高最多25bar。
-处于第二压力下的流进入塔系统的一个塔并且未被用于加热塔系统的再沸器。
本发明的另一个主题是一种用于通过蒸馏空气来生产氧的设备，该设备包括：至少一个塔系统；至少一个交换管线；通过蒸汽轮机和/或通过电动机驱动的至少一个压缩装置，该压缩装置具有第一出口和第二出口；一个第一净化单元；一个第二净化单元，所述压缩装置设计成被供应处于大气压下的空气并且从第一出口产生处于第一压力下的第一加压空气流且从第二出口产生处于第二压力下的第二加压空气流，第二加压空气流处于比第一加压空气流的压力高至少0.5bar、可能高至少5bar、可能地高至少10bar、甚至高至少25bar的压力下；用于将第一出口连接到第一净化单元的第一管道；用于将第二出口连接到第二净化单元的第二管道；用于将第一净化单元连接到交换管线的第三管道；用于将第二净化单元连接到交换管线的第四管道，在第二净化单元的下游未连接使空气压力增加的装置；将交换管线连接到塔系统的一个塔的第五管道；用于将交换管线连接到塔系统的一个塔的第六管道；用于从塔系统抽出富氧液体并且输送到气化器(25)的管道，该气化器可由交换管线构成；用于将经净化的第二流的至少一部分输送到气化器的装置，经净化的第二流的至少一部分在所述气化器中冷凝，并且在该设备中，在第一出口与第一净化单元之间不存在压缩空气的装置，并且在第二出口与交换管线或可能地塔系统之间不存在压缩空气的装置。
根据本发明的其它方面：
-所述压缩装置包括：第一压缩机和第二压缩机；用于向第一压缩机和第二压缩机供应处于大气压力下的空气的装置，所述第一压缩机和第二压缩机可通过共同的蒸汽轮机驱动。
-所述第一空气压缩机和第二空气压缩机中仅一个包括中间冷却剂(等温压缩)。
-用于将来自两个空气压缩机中不具有中间冷却剂的一个的出口的空气输送到热交换器的装置，和用于将至少一种来自塔系统的流体和/或水输送到其被加热的交换器的装置。
本发明的另一个主题是一种通过在一装置中蒸馏空气来生产氧的方法，该装置包括：n个塔系统，其中n≥2；n个交换管线；至少一个第一压缩机，其压缩大气以便产生处于第一压力下的空气流；至少一个第二压缩机，其压缩大气以产生处于第二压力下的空气流，所述第一压力比第二压力低至少0.5bar、可能低至少5bar、可能地低至少10bar或者甚至低至少25bar，并且第二压力是任何用于蒸馏的空气压力中的最高压力，在该方法中，将处于第一压力下的空气从至少一个第一压缩机输送到至少一个第一净化单元，将处于第二压力下的空气从至少一个第二压缩机输送到至少一个第二净化单元，将处于第一压力下的空气从第一净化单元输送到至少两个塔系统，将处于第二压力下的空气从第二净化单元输送到至少两个塔系统，并且从塔系统中的至少一个生产氧。
本发明的另一个主题是一种用于通过在一装置中蒸馏空气来生产氧的设备，该装置包括：n个塔系统，其中n≥2；n个交换管线；至少一个第一压缩机，其压缩大气以便产生处于第一压力下的空气流；至少一个第二压缩机，其压缩大气以便产生处于第二压力下的空气流，所述第一压力比第二压力低至少0.5bar，可能低至少5bar，可能地低至少10bar，或者甚至低至少25bar；至少一个第一净化单元；至少一个第二净化单元；用于将来自第一压缩机的处于第一压力下的空气输送到第一净化单元的装置；用于将来自第二压缩机的处于第二压力下的空气输送到第二净化单元的装置；用于将空气从第一净化单元输送到至少两个塔系统的装置；和用于将空气从第二净化单元输送到所述两个塔系统的装置，在该设备中，在第一压缩机与第一净化单元之间不存在压缩装置，且在第二压缩机与交换管线或可能地塔系统之间不存在压缩装置。
作为优选，不存在将第一压缩机(中的一个)的出口连接到第二压缩机(中的一个)的出口的装置和/或不存在将第一净化单元(中的一个)的出口连接到第二净化单元(中的一个)的出口的装置。
因此，存在由至少两个产生处于第一压力下的空气的压缩机供应的独立回路和由至少两个产生处于第二压力下的空气的压缩机供应的独立回路，两个回路中的每一个均对至少两个独立的塔系统进行供应。
附图说明
现将参照附图描述一些实施例，附图描绘了根据本发明的空气分离设备。
具体实施方式
图1中描绘的设备旨在向例如一个或多个铁熔炼-还原单元或一个或多个氧燃烧单元供氧。在第一种情况下，所供应的氧的压力处于从5bar到15bar的范围内。在第二种情况下，所供应的氧的压力处于从1bar至5bar(优选1bar abs至2bar abs)的范围内。
该设备包括：安装在同一地点的一个第一压缩机1和一个第二压缩机3；用于向第一压缩机和第二压缩机供应处于大气压下的空气的装置，所述第一压缩机和第二压缩机通过电动机驱动并且分别使所述空气达到介于2.5bar与8bar之间的第一压力和介于4bar与30bar之间的第二压力。
离开两个空气压缩机的两股单独的压缩空气流在被输送到第一净化单元5和第二净化单元7中之前例如使用终端冷却剂冷却，空气流中的一股大致处于第一压力下，空气流中的第二股大致处于第二压力下。
经净化的第一空气流借助于管道11被输送到主交换管线13中并且经净化的第二空气流借助于管道9被输送到主交换管线13中。
一旦第一空气流已在交换器13中被冷却，第一空气流便被引入塔系统15中，第二空气流利用借助于管道17和泵23从塔系统15抽出的富氧液体在已经过辅助气化器25后以至少部分冷凝的形式被引入塔系统15中。被引入塔系统15中的第一空气流至少部分被引入与以至少部分冷凝的形式引入塔系统15中的第二空气流相同的塔(例如包括高压塔和低压塔的双塔中的高压塔)中。
图2图示了该设备的第一替代形式，其中第一空气压缩机和第二空气压缩机中仅一个即压缩机1包括中间冷却剂(等温压缩)，(所述设备包括)用于将来自两个空气压缩机中不包括中间冷却剂的一个的出口的空气输送到热交换器31的装置，和用于将至少一种来自塔系统的流体和/或水输送到其被加热的交换器的装置。
离开两个空气压缩机的两股压缩空气流被输送到两个净化单元5和7中，它们中的一股大致处于第一压力下且第二股大致处于第二压力下。
经净化的第一空气流借助于管道11被输送到主交换管线13中并且经净化的第二空气流借助于管道9被输送到主交换管线13中。
一旦第一空气流已在交换器13中被冷却，第一空气流便被引入塔系统15中，第二空气流利用借助于管道17和泵23从塔系统15抽出的富氧液体在已经过辅助气化器25后以至少部分冷凝的形式被引入塔系统15中。被引入塔系统15中的第一空气流至少部分被引入与至少部分冷凝的第二空气流15相同的塔中。借助于管道17从塔系统15抽出并且逆着经净化的第二空气流在辅助气化器25中气化的富氧液体被引入热交换器31中并且允许对在不包括中间冷却剂的压缩机1中压缩的空气进行冷却。
图3中描绘的设备示出第二变型，其用于向铁熔炼-还原单元供氧。所供应的氧的压力处于从5bar至15bar(优选从8bar abs至12bar abs)的范围内。
该设备包括：第一压缩机1和第二压缩机3；用于向第一压缩机和第二压缩机供应处于大气压下的空气的装置，第一压缩机和第二压缩机通过共同的蒸汽轮机39驱动并且分别使空气达到介于4bar与7bar之间的第一压力和介于10bar与30bar之间的第二压力。
离开两个空气压缩机的两股压缩空气流被输送到两个净化单元5和7中，它们中的一股大致处于第一压力下且第二股大致处于第二压力下。
经净化的第一空气流的第一部分借助于管道11被输送到主交换管线13中并且经净化的第二空气流借助于管道9被输送到主交换管线13中。
经净化的第一空气流的第二部分在于主交换管线13中被冷却之前借助于管道29被输送到增压器-涡轮的压缩机33中，然后在增压器-涡轮的涡轮部分35中膨胀。在涡轮35中膨胀的空气经由管道41被输送到塔系统中。
经净化的第二空气流一旦在交换管线中冷却便借助于管道43被引入塔系统15中。
与其它情况一样，引入塔系统15中的第一空气流至少部分被引入与以至少部分冷凝的形式引入塔系统15中的第二空气流相同的塔中。
图4图示了从图3衍生出的第三替代形式，其中第一压缩机和第二压缩机中仅一个(压缩机3)包括中间冷却剂(等温压缩)，其包括用于将空气从两个空气压缩机中不具有中间冷却剂的一个的出口输送到热交换器的装置和用于将水输送到所述交换器的装置，水在该交换器被加热。
图5示出了图1所示的设备的第四变型，其中两个压缩机被合并为同一个机器3，例如轴向-径向压缩机。
图6示出了另一变型，其中n个图1所示的设备互相连接。该图为清楚起见示出了n＝2的情形：因此其示出两个如图1所示的设备，它们一方面借助于管道45和47且另一方面借助于管道49和51互相连接。管道45将压缩机1的出口和压缩机1’的出口连接，管道47将压缩机3的出口和压缩机3’的出口连接；管道49将净化装置7的出口与净化装置7’的出口连接，最后，管道51将净化装置5的出口与净化装置5’的出口连接。
两个互相连接的设备中的第一个包括第一压缩机1和第二压缩机3，第二设备包括第一压缩机1’和第二压缩机3’。第一压缩机1和1’以及第二压缩机3和3’被供应处于大气压下的空气，第一压缩机和第二压缩机通过电动机驱动并且分别使所述空气达到介于2.5bar与8bar之间的第一压力和介于4bar与30bar之间的第二压力。
通过压缩机1和1’加压的空气流在被输送到第一净化单元7和7’中之前以及通过压缩机3和3’加压的空气流在被输送到第二净化单元5和5’中之前例如使用终端冷却剂冷却，所述空气流在来自压缩机1和1’的流的情况下大致处于第一压力下，而在来自压缩机3和3’的流的情况下大致处于第二压力下。
该设备包括连接通过第一压缩机1和1’压缩的第一空气流的管道45，和连接通过第二压缩机3和3’压缩的第二空气流的管道47。该设备还包括连接通过净化装置7和7’净化的第一空气流的管道49，和连接通过净化装置5和5’净化的第二空气流的管道51。
全部附图中的塔系统15尤其可包括仅一个塔，常规的双塔或具有高压塔、中压塔和低压塔的三塔。

Claims (26)

1.一种用于通过在一装置中蒸馏空气来生产氧的方法，所述装置包括：至少一个塔系统(15)；至少一个交换管线(13)；至少一个压缩装置，所述至少一个压缩装置通过电动机和/或通过蒸汽轮机驱动并且被供应处于大气压力下的空气以产生一股第一加压空气流和一股第二加压空气流；一个第一净化单元(5)；一个第二净化单元(7)，所述第一加压空气流和所述第二加压空气流以第一压力和第二压力离开所述压缩装置，所述第二压力比所述第一压力高至少0.5bar，并且所述第二压力为供给到所述塔系统中的任何空气流中的最高压力；在所述方法中，大致在所述第一压力下将所述第一加压空气流从所述压缩装置的第一出口输送到所述第一净化单元(5)，以便产生在水和二氧化碳方面经净化的第一空气流，大致在所述第二压力下将所述第二加压空气流从所述压缩装置的第二出口输送到所述第二净化单元(7)，以便产生在水和二氧化碳方面经净化的第二空气流，在所述交换管线(13)中冷却所述经净化的第一空气流，在所述交换管线(13)中冷却所述经净化的第二空气流，将所述经净化的第一空气流从所述第一净化单元输送到所述塔系统(15)的一个塔，将来自所述第二净化单元的所述经净化的第二空气流以至少部分冷凝的形式输送到所述塔系统(15)的一个塔，从所述塔系统抽出富氧液体，使所述富氧液体在所述交换管线中或者在辅助气化器(25)中通过至少与处于所述第二压力下的所述经净化的第二空气流进行热交换而气化并且作为产品传送。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二压力比所述第一压力高至少25bar。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一压力下在所述交换管线(13)中冷却所述经净化的第一空气流，在所述第二压力下在所述交换管线(13)中冷却所述经净化的第二空气流。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述两股加压空气流之间的压力差为最多4bar，或者为至少1bar且最多3bar。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述两股加压空气流之间的压力差为至少5bar且最多30bar，或者为至少15bar且最多25bar。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述经净化的第一空气流的至少一部分输送到所述塔系统的与所述经净化的第二空气流相同的塔中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二空气流没有被输送到所述塔系统的再沸器中。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二压力比所述第一压力高至少5bar。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二压力比所述第一压力高至少10bar。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二压力比所述第一压力高最多25bar。
11.一种用于通过蒸馏空气来生产氧的设备，该设备包括：至少一个塔系统(15)；至少一个交换管线(13)；通过蒸汽轮机和/或通过电动机驱动的至少一个压缩装置，所述压缩装置具有第一出口和第二出口；一个第一净化单元(5)；一个第二净化单元(7)，所述压缩装置设计成被供应处于大气压力下的空气并且从所述第一出口产生处于第一压力下的第一加压空气流和从所述第二出口产生处于第二压力下的第二加压空气流，所述第二加压空气流处于比所述第一加压空气流的压力高至少0.5bar的压力下；用于将所述第一出口连接到所述第一净化单元的第一管道；用于将所述第二出口连接到所述第二净化单元的第二管道；用于将所述第一净化单元连接到所述交换管线的第三管道(11)；用于将所述第二净化单元连接到所述交换管线的第四管道(9)，在所述第二净化单元的下游未连接用于使所述空气压力增加的装置；将所述交换管线连接到所述塔系统的一个塔的第五管道；用于将所述交换管线连接到所述塔系统的一个塔的第六管道；用于从所述塔系统抽出富氧液体并且输送到气化器(25)的管道(17)；用于将所述经净化的第二加压空气流的至少一部分输送到所述气化器的装置，所述经净化的第二加压空气流的所述至少一部分在所述气化器中冷凝，在所述设备中，在所述第一出口与所述第一净化单元之间不存在压缩空气的装置，并且在所述第二出口与所述交换管线或所述塔系统之间不存在压缩空气的装置。
12.根据权利要求11所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第二加压空气流处于比所述第一加压空气流的压力高至少5bar的压力下。
13.根据权利要求11所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第二加压空气流处于比所述第一加压空气流的压力高至少10bar的压力下。
14.根据权利要求11所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第二加压空气流处于比所述第一加压空气流的压力高至少25bar的压力下。
15.根据权利要求11所述的设备，其特征在于，所述气化器(25)由所述交换管线构成。
16.根据权利要求11所述的设备，其特征在于，所述压缩装置包括：第一压缩机(1)和第二压缩机(3)；用于向所述第一压缩机和所述第二压缩机供应处于大气压力下的空气的装置，所述第一压缩机和所述第二压缩机通过共同的蒸汽轮机(39)驱动。
17.根据权利要求16所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第一空气压缩机和所述第二空气压缩机中仅一者包括中间冷却剂。
18.根据权利要求17所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括用于将来自所述两个空气压缩机中不具有中间冷却剂的一个的出口的空气输送到热交换器(31)的装置，和用于将至少一种来自所述塔系统的流体和/或水输送到所述交换器的装置，所述至少一种流体和/或水在所述交换器中被加热。
19.一种通过在一装置中蒸馏空气来生产氧的方法，所述装置包括：n个塔系统，其中n≥2；n个交换管线(13，13’)，其中n≥2；至少一个第一压缩机(1，1’)，其压缩大气以便产生处于第一压力下的空气流；至少一个第二压缩机(3，3’)，其压缩大气以产生处于第二压力下的空气流，所述第一压力比所述第二压力低至少0.5bar，并且所述第二压力是任何用于蒸馏的空气压力中的最高压力，在所述方法中，将处于所述第一压力下的空气从至少一个第一压缩机输送到至少一个第一净化单元(5，5’)，将处于所述第二压力下的空气从至少一个第二压缩机输送到至少一个第二净化单元(7，7’)，将处于所述第一压力下的空气从所述第一净化单元输送到至少两个塔系统(15，15’)，将处于所述第二压力下的空气从所述第二净化单元输送到至少两个塔系统，并且从所述塔系统中的至少一个生产氧。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一压力比所述第二压力低至少5bar。
21.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一压力比所述第二压力低至少10bar。
22.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一压力比所述第二压力低至少25bar。
23.一种用于通过在一装置中蒸馏空气来生产氧的设备，该装置包括：n个塔系统，其中n≥2；n个交换管线(13，13’)，其中n≥2；至少一个第一压缩机(1，1’)，其压缩大气以便产生处于第一压力下的空气流；至少一个第二压缩机(3，3’)，其压缩大气以产生处于第二压力下的空气流，所述第一压力比所述第二压力低至少0.5bar；至少一个第一净化单元(5，5’)；至少一个第二净化单元(7，7’)；用于将来自所述第一压缩机的处于所述第一压力下的空气输送到所述第一净化单元的装置；用于将来自所述第二压缩机的处于所述第二压力下的空气输送到所述第二净化单元的装置；用于将空气从所述第一净化单元输送到至少两个塔系统(15，15’)的装置；和用于将空气从所述第二净化单元输送到所述两个塔系统的装置，在所述设备中，在所述第一压缩机与所述第一净化单元之间不存在压缩装置，在所述第二压缩机与所述交换管线或所述塔系统之间不存在压缩装置。
24.根据权利要求23所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第一压力比所述第二压力低至少5bar。
25.根据权利要求23所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第一压力比所述第二压力低至少10bar。
26.根据权利要求23所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第一压力比所述第二压力低至少25bar。
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