CN102016469A - 通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和设备 - Google Patents

通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN102016469A
CN102016469A CN2009801143457A CN200980114345A CN102016469A CN 102016469 A CN102016469 A CN 102016469A CN 2009801143457 A CN2009801143457 A CN 2009801143457A CN 200980114345 A CN200980114345 A CN 200980114345A CN 102016469 A CN102016469 A CN 102016469A
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nitrogen
pressure column
sent
medium pressure
tower
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B·达维迪安
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Priority claimed from FR0852707A external-priority patent/FR2930328A1/fr
Priority claimed from FR0852710A external-priority patent/FR2930331B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR0852708A external-priority patent/FR2930329A1/fr
Priority claimed from FR0852706A external-priority patent/FR2930327A1/fr
Priority claimed from FR0852705A external-priority patent/FR2930326B1/fr
Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在设备中通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法，所述设备包括双塔，所述双塔包括中压塔(15)和低压塔(17)，所述低压塔包括底部蒸发器(19)、中间蒸发器(21)和上部蒸发器(23)，压缩空气在净化单元中被净化、在交换管线中被冷却并被送至双塔的中压塔，富氧流体从低压塔抽出、进行加热并被送至用户，从中压塔排出的氮被分为至少三部分，所述氮的第一部分在第一透平机(47)中膨胀，所述氮的第二部分在冷压缩机(51)中压力升高并被送至底部蒸发器，由此被冷凝的氮被送至双塔的至少一个塔，在排出所述氮的第三部分的塔的下游和上部蒸发器的上游不存在压力改变步骤的情况下，所述氮的第三部分被送至上部蒸发器，由此被冷凝的氮被送至所述双塔的至少一个塔，气体流被送至中间蒸发器，所述流包括经净化和冷却的压缩空气。

Description

通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和设备
本发明涉及一种用于通过使用低温蒸馏分离空气来产生氧的方法和设备。
本发明的目的是降低低压低纯度氧的分离的比能，尤其是在终端用户未认识到加压氮本身有价值的情况中。
通过使用在低压塔中采用了三个蒸发器的系统来实现本发明的目的，其中：
-底部蒸发器处理经冷压缩的中压氮
-上部的中间蒸发器处理中压氮
-下部的中间蒸发器处理中压空气或经冷压缩的中压氮。
取决于不同情况，能够节省0.5％到7％的比能。
US-A-5006139描述了一种使用低压塔产生氮的方法，该低压塔的底部蒸发器通过在冷压缩机(compresseur froid，cold compressor)中被压缩的中压氮流进行加热。根据本发明，还提议使用若干透平机以更好地优化交换管线。
本发明的方法产生气态氧，并优选地不从中压塔产生氮。
本发明的主题是提供一种用于在设备中通过使用低温蒸馏分离空气来产生氧的方法，该设备包括双塔，该双塔包括中压塔和低压塔，低压塔包括底部蒸发器、中间蒸发器和上部蒸发器，在该方法中：
a)压缩空气在净化单元中被净化、在交换管线中被冷却并被供给至双塔的中压塔
b)富氧流体被从低压塔抽出、进行加热并被送至用户
c)从中压塔排出的氮被分为至少三部分
d)氮的第一部分在第一透平机中膨胀
e)氮的第二部分在冷压缩机中压力升高，并被送至底部蒸发器，由此被冷凝的氮被送至双塔的至少一个塔
f)在排出氮的第三部分的塔的下游和上部蒸发器的上游不存在压力改变步骤的情况下，氮的第三部分被送至上部蒸发器，由此被冷凝的氮被送至双塔的至少一个塔
g)气体流被送至中间蒸发器，该流包括经净化和冷却的压缩空气或者包括从中压塔排出并在冷压缩机中被压缩的氮。
根据其它可选的方面：
-被送至中间蒸发器的气体流为来自中压塔的氮
-被送至中间蒸发器的气体流为经净化和冷却的压缩空气
-在第一透平机中膨胀的氮的第一部分用于使净化单元再生
-第一透平机驱动冷压缩机——在该冷压缩机中，流体的第二部分的压力升高——并为该方法提供基本上所有的冷能
-低压塔不具有顶部冷凝器
-所有来自中压塔顶部的气态氮仅被分为三部分
-所有来自中压塔顶部的气态氮仅被分为四部分，第四部分被送至中间蒸发器
-通过在至少一个透平机中使来自中压塔的氮膨胀来产生基本上所有的冷能
-来自低压塔的液态氧流可能在加压后被蒸发，以产生被送至用户的流体。
本发明的另一方面提供了一种用于通过使用低温蒸馏分离空气来产生氧的设备，该设备包括：双塔，该双塔包括中压塔和低压塔，该低压塔包括底部蒸发器、中间蒸发器和上部蒸发器；净化单元；交换管线；至少一个第一透平机；至少一个冷压缩机；用于将在净化单元中被净化并在交换管线中被冷却的压缩空气送至双塔的中压塔的装置；用于从低压塔抽出富氧流体的装置；用于可能地加热富氧流体的装置，所述装置至少部分地包括交换管线和用于将被加热的富氧流体送至用户的装置；用于将从中压塔排出的氮分成至少三部分的装置；用于将氮的第一部分送至第一透平机的装置；用于将氮的第二部分送至冷压缩机的装置，在该冷压缩机中，可使所述氮的第二部分的压力升高；用于将压力升高的第二部分送至底部蒸发器的装置；用于将由此冷凝的氮送至双塔中的至少一个塔的装置；用于在排出氮的第三部分的塔的下游和上部蒸发器的上游不存在压力改变装置的情况下将氮的第三部分送至上部蒸发器的装置；用于将由此冷凝的氮送至双塔的至少一个塔的装置；用于将气体流送至中间蒸发器的装置，该流包括经净化和冷却的压缩空气或者包括从中压塔排出并在第二冷压缩机中被压缩的氮。
所述设备可能包括：
-用于将中间蒸发器连接至中压塔的顶部的装置
-用于将第一透平机的出口连接至净化单元的装置
-第一透平机联接至冷压缩机，在该冷压缩机中，流体的第二部分的压力升高，该第一透平机构成设备中的唯一的透平机
-低压塔不具有顶部冷凝器
-可能在交换管线中用于使液态氧蒸发的装置，和可能在用于使液态氧蒸发的装置的上游用于加压液态氧的装置。
将参照图1、2和3对本发明进行更详细的描述，图1、2和3是根据本发明的空气分离设备的示意图。
图1示出了一空气分离设备，其中，经加压和净化的空气流1被分为三股流3、5和7。流3在从交换管线11的一端流到另一端的过程中被冷却并被送至双塔的中压塔15。流5在从交换管线11的一端流到另一端的过程中被冷却并被送至双塔15、17的低压塔17的中间蒸发器21。另一空气流7在热增压器9中压力升高、在从交换管线11的一端流到另一端的过程中被冷却并被送至蒸发器13，在蒸发器13中，流7通过与加压液态氧进行热交换来至少部分地冷凝。冷凝后的空气被整体送至中压塔中，或者在中压塔和低压塔17之间进行分配。
在交换器29中过冷之后，富液25、贫液61和可能的类似于液态空气的液体27被作为回流从中压塔15送至低压塔17。
液态氧流33从低压塔排出、由泵35加压并在交换管线11上游在蒸发器13中蒸发。流体33也可以在不存在泵35的情况下通过静压头的作用进行压缩。
低压氮31从低压塔17的顶部排出并在交换器29、11中进行加热。
中压气态氮流39从中压塔15的顶部排出并被分成两部分。一部分53被送至低压塔17的上部蒸发器23，并在以回流的方式返回中压塔之前在该上部蒸发器中冷凝。氮的剩余部分41被分成两部分，一部分43被送至冷压缩机51以形成流55，该流55被送至低压塔17的底部蒸发器19。其在蒸发器19中冷凝并随后用作至少一个所述塔的回流。
氮的剩余部分45被送至交换管线、被加热至中间水平并被送至透平机47。在透平机47中膨胀的氮被送至交换管线的冷端并被加热变为流49。
这相比于WO-A-2007/129152所公开的系统潜在地节能0.5％。
图2示出了一空气分离设备，其中，经加压和净化的空气流1被分为两股流3、7。流3在从交换管线11的一端流到另一端的过程中被冷却并被送至双塔的中压塔15。另一空气流7在热增压器9中压力升高、在从交换管线11的一端流到另一端的过程中被冷却并被送至蒸发器13，在蒸发器13中，流7通过与加压液态氧进行热交换来至少部分地冷凝。冷凝后的空气被整体送至中压塔，或者在中压塔和低压塔17之间进行分配。
在交换器29中过冷之后，富液25、贫液61和可能的类似于液态空气的液体27被作为回流从中压塔15送至低压塔17。
液态氧流33从低压塔排出、由泵35加压并在交换管线11上游在蒸发器13中蒸发。流体33也可以在不存在泵35的情况下利用静压头进行压缩。
低压氮31从低压塔17的顶部排出并在交换器29、11中进行加热。
中压气态氮流39从中压塔15的顶部排出并被分成两部分。一部分53被送至低压塔17的上部蒸发器23，并在以回流的方式返回中压塔之前在该上部蒸发器中冷凝。空气的剩余部分再被分成两部分。一部分被送至冷压缩机151以变成流155，流155在被以回流的方式送至所述塔之前加热中间蒸发器21。氮的剩余部分41被分成两部分，一部分43被送至冷压缩机51以形成流55，该流55被送至低压塔17的底部蒸发器19。其在蒸发器19中冷凝并随后用作至少一个所述塔的回流。
氮的剩余部分45被送至交换管线、被加热至中间水平并被送至透平机47。在透平机47中膨胀的氮被送至交换管线的冷端并被加热变为流49。在中压氮管线上具有两个冷压缩机51、151使得能够调节压缩机之间的功率分配，以最好地适应低压塔的再沸需求。
这相比于WO-A-2007/129152的系统可节能1.7％。
图3示出了一空气分离设备，其中，经压缩机M加压并在净化单元2中被净化的空气流1被分为两股流3、7。流3在从交换管线11的一端流到另一端的过程中被冷却并被送至双塔的中压塔15。另一股流7在热增压器9中压力升高、在从交换管线11的一端流到另一端的过程中被冷却并被送至蒸发器13，在蒸发器13中，流7通过与加压液态氧进行热交换来至少部分地冷凝。冷凝后的空气被整体送至中压塔，或者在中压塔和低压塔17之间进行分配。
在交换器29中过冷之后，富液25、贫液61和可能的类似于液态空气的液体27被通过回流的方式从中压塔15送至低压塔17。
液态氧流33从低压塔排出、由泵35加压并在交换管线11上游在蒸发器13中蒸发。流体33也可以在不存在泵35的情况下利用静压头进行压缩。
低压氮31从低压塔17的顶部排出并在交换器29、11中进行加热。
中压气态氮流39从中压塔15的顶部排出并被分成两部分。一部分53被送至低压塔17的上部蒸发器23，并在以回流的方式返回中压塔之前在该上部蒸发器中冷凝。空气的剩余部分再被分成两部分。一部分被送至冷压缩机151并在其中变成流155，该流155在以回流的方式被送至所述塔之前、在被用于加热中间蒸发器21之前在交换管线11中被冷却。氮的剩余部分41被分成两部分，一部分43被送至冷压缩机51以形成流55，该流55在经交换管线11冷却后被送至低压塔17的底部蒸发器19。其在蒸发器19中冷凝并随后用作至少一个所述塔的回流。
氮的剩余部分45被送至交换管线、被加热至中间水平并被分为两部分。氮45的一部分49被送至透平机47。在透平机47中膨胀的氮被送至交换管线的冷端并在被定期用于使净化单元2再生之前被加热。氮的剩余部分46在交换管线11中继续被加热并被分成两部分，一部分149以与透平机47相比较高的进口温度被送至透平机147。这部分氮被膨胀、加热并排放到大气中。氮的剩余部分249以与透平机47、147相比较高的进口温度被送至透平机247。这部分氮249被膨胀、加热并排放到大气中。
这相比于WO-A-2007/129152的系统可节能7％。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于在设备中通过使用低温蒸馏分离空气来产生氧的方法，所述设备包括双塔，所述双塔包括中压塔(15)和低压塔(17)，所述低压塔包括底部蒸发器(19)、中间蒸发器(21)和上部蒸发器(23)，在该方法中：
a)压缩空气在净化单元(2)中被净化、在交换管线(11)中被冷却并被供给至所述双塔的中压塔；
b)富氧流体被从所述低压塔抽出、进行加热并被送至用户；
c)从所述中压塔排出的氮被分为至少三部分；
d)所述氮的第一部分在第一透平机(47)中膨胀；
e)所述氮的第二部分在冷压缩机(51)中压力升高并被送至所述底部蒸发器，由此被冷凝的氮被送至所述双塔的至少一个塔；
f)在排出所述氮的第三部分的塔的下游和所述上部蒸发器的上游不存在压力改变步骤的情况下，所述氮的第三部分被送至所述上部蒸发器，由此被冷凝的氮被送至所述双塔的至少一个塔；
g)气体流被送至所述中间蒸发器，所述流包括经净化和冷却的压缩空气或者包括从所述中压塔排出并在所述冷压缩机中被压缩的氮。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，被送至所述中间蒸发器(21)的所述气体流为来自所述中压塔(15)的氮。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，被送至所述中间蒸发器(21)的所述气体流为经净化和冷却的压缩空气。
4.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一透平机(47)中膨胀的所述氮的第一部分用于使所述净化单元(2)再生。
5.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一透平机驱动所述冷压缩机(51)并为所述方法提供基本上所有的冷能，在所述冷压缩机中，所述流体的第二部分的压力升高。
6.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述低压塔不具有顶部冷凝器。
7.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所有来自所述中压塔顶部的气态氮仅被分为三部分。
8.如权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所有来自所述中压塔顶部的气态氮仅被分为四部分，第四部分被送至所述中间蒸发器(21)。
9.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，通过在至少一个透平机中使来自所述中压塔的氮膨胀来产生基本上所有的冷能。
10.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，来自所述低压塔的液态氧流可能在加压后被蒸发，以产生被送至用户的所述流体。
11.一种用于通过使用低温蒸馏分离空气来产生氧的设备，所述设备包括：双塔，所述双塔包括中压塔(15)和低压塔(17)，所述低压塔包括底部蒸发器(19)、中间蒸发器(21)和上部蒸发器(23)；净化单元(2)；交换管线(11)；至少一个第一透平机(47)；至少一个冷压缩机(51，157)；用于将在所述净化单元中被净化并在所述交换管线中被冷却的压缩空气送至所述双塔的中压塔的装置；用于从所述低压塔抽出富氧流体的装置；用于可能加热富氧流体的装置，所述装置至少部分地包括交换管线和用于将被加热的富氧流体送至用户的装置；用于将从所述中压塔排出的氮分成至少三部分的装置；用于将所述氮的第一部分送至第一透平机的装置；用于将所述氮的第二部分送至冷压缩机的装置，在所述冷压缩机中，可使所述氮的第二部分的压力升高；用于将压力升高的所述第二部分送至底部蒸发器的装置；用于将由此冷凝的氮送至所述双塔中的至少一个塔的装置；用于在排出所述氮的第三部分的塔的下游和所述上部蒸发器的上游不存在压力改变装置的情况下将所述氮的第三部分送至所述上部蒸发器的装置；用于将由此冷凝的氮送至所述双塔的至少一个塔的装置；用于将气体流送至所述中间蒸发器的装置，所述流包括经净化和冷却的压缩空气或者包括从所述中压塔排出并在所述第二冷压缩机中被压缩的氮。
12.如权利要求11所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括用于将所述中间蒸发器(21)连接至所述中压塔(15)的顶部的装置。
13.如权利要求11或12所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括用于将所述第一透平机(47)的出口连接至所述净化单元(2)的装置。
14.如权利要求11至13中的任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第一透平机(47)联接至所述冷压缩机(51)，在所述冷压缩机中，所述流体的第二部分的压力升高，并且所述第一透平机构成所述设备中的唯一的透平机。
15.如权利要求11至14中的任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述低压塔不具有顶部冷凝器。
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US20110067445A1 (en) 2011-03-24
FR2930330A1 (fr) 2009-10-23
JP2011518307A (ja) 2011-06-23
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