CN103827613A - 用于借助低温蒸馏由加压空气生产气体的方法 - Google Patents

用于借助低温蒸馏由加压空气生产气体的方法 Download PDF

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CN103827613A
CN103827613A CN201280016757.9A CN201280016757A CN103827613A CN 103827613 A CN103827613 A CN 103827613A CN 201280016757 A CN201280016757 A CN 201280016757A CN 103827613 A CN103827613 A CN 103827613A
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P·勒博
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于借助低温蒸馏在塔系统内分离空气的方法，其中两个单级空气增压器（15，25）串联连接并且联接至使未被增压的空气膨胀的两个涡轮机（17，27）。所述增压器使在交换管路内冷却的高压空气增压，来自所述塔系统的空气在该交换管路内蒸发。

Description

用于借助低温蒸馏由加压空气生产气体的方法
本发明涉及用于借助低温蒸馏生产加压气体的方法和设备。
本发明的一个目的是建议一种替代用于形成工艺方案，所述替代能够改善用于分离空气以生产10bar和16bar之间、优选地在14bar和16bar之间、进而约15bar的氧的装置的安装成本。
本领域现有技术中用于生产约15bar加压氧的设备包括在约6bar压力下使用主空气压缩机的“泵”装置，以及在约35-40bar的压力下压缩空气流的一部分的空气增压器。但是这种解决方案不能用于小尺寸的设备，对于这种小尺寸的设备，待增压的小流量和很高的排放压力的结合在增压器的出口处导致太小以至于技术上不能执行的实际流量。
所以，对于小设备，必须使用昂贵的氧压缩机。
通过在适中地高排放压力下使用单一的空气压缩机，所建议的解决方案使得能够针对这样的设备减小成本。该解决方案相对于前述两个解决方案提供了竞争优势：使用单一的压缩机以及避免了昂贵的氧压缩机。
US-A-20050126221描述了一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的用于分离空气的方法。为了生产加压氧，两个串联的增压器在主交换器的中间温度下压缩空气，其中第一增压器的进口温度高于第二增压器的出口温度。冷却单元用于降低第二增压器的进口温度，这因而增加了该方法的复杂性。
US-A-20060010912描述了一种用于分离空气的方法，其中在中压下的空气在两个串联的冷增压器内被增压。
这两个增压器一定不能联接至涡轮机，因为所述方法的涡轮机仅在能够制造液体的特定运行期间运行。在正常运行中，所述方法通过添加低温液体来保持冷却。
所有压力都是绝对压力。
根据本发明，使全部空气达到高压（显著高于中压塔的压力）并且在这个压力下净化，然后将其分成至少两个部分。只有空气的一小部分（其稍后在主交换管路的冷端液化）以这样的方式经历连续的低温压缩，即，使该流达到足够允许氧在期望压力下蒸发的压力。空气的其余部分在至少一个涡轮机内膨胀至中压塔的压力。由空气的膨胀生成的功的至少一部分用于低温压缩。
根据本发明的目的，提供了一种在一设备内借助低温蒸馏分离空气的方法，所述设备包括塔系统，塔系统包括在被称为中压的最高压力下运行的塔，其中：
-使全部空气达到至少比所述中压高3bar的高压并且在这个压力下在净化单元内净化，空气在输出温度下自所述净化单元被送至交换管路；
-全部被净化的空气在所述交换管路内被冷却，并且构成所述被净化的空气的10%至35%之间的一部分空气借助至少一个在所述交换管路的第一中间温度下吸入的第一单级增压器被增压；
-所述第一增压器内的被增压的空气的至少一个部分在所述交换管路内被冷却，借助至少一个在所述交换管路的第二中间温度下吸入的第二单级增压器被增压，并且被送回到所述交换管路中，该被增压的空气在该交换管路中被冷却，可能在该交换管路的冷端液化并在膨胀以后被送到所述塔系统中；
-构成所述高压净化空气的可能介于65%和90%之间的高压净化空气的另一部分在所述交换管路内被冷却，然后至少部分地在至少两个涡轮机内膨胀，然后被送至所述塔系统以被分离，所述两个涡轮机具有一个或多个是所述交换管路的中间温度的进口温度；
-通过将所述第一增压器联接到所述两个涡轮机中的一个并且将所述第二增压器联接到所述两个涡轮机中的另一个，由空气膨胀生成的功至少部分地用于借助第一增压器和/或第二增压器执行的低温压缩；
-液态氧在所述交换管路内蒸发；
其特征在于，在所述净化单元内被净化的全部空气在该净化单元的输出温度下被送至交换管路，已经被加压至低于或等于16bar的压力、优选在10bar和16bar之间的压力下的液态氧在所述交换管路内蒸发；能量消耗装置联接至所述增压器中的至少一个；所述第一温度与所述第二温度最多相差10℃并且所述第一温度与所述第二温度在-145℃和-165℃之间。
根据其它可选特征：
-所述两个涡轮机具有由所述交换管路的第三中间温度和第四中间温度构成的相同的或不同的进口温度；
-所述第三温度低于所述第一温度；
-所述第三温度与所述第四温度相差最多20℃或甚至相差最多10℃；
-所述第一温度高于所述第二温度；
-所述第一温度低于或等于所述第二温度；
-由至少一个所述涡轮机生成的能量的一部分被消耗；
-借助连接至所述涡轮机的液压制动系统来消耗所述能量的一部分；
-空气的一部分在高压下、优选在交换管路中液化；
-来自所述涡轮机的至少一个的空气被送至在最高压力下运行的塔；
-在所述第一增压器内被增压的全部空气被送至所述第二增压器；
-在所述净化单元内被净化的全部空气在该净化单元的输出压力下被送至所述交换管路；
-所述系统包括用于分离空气的双塔，该双塔包括第一塔和在比该第一塔的压力低的压力下运行的第二塔，其中在所述两个涡轮机内膨胀的空气被送至所述第一塔；
-所述第一温度低于所述第二增压器的输出温度；
-所述第一增压器和/或所述第二增压器的输出温度在-110℃和-150℃之间；
-所述第一增压器和/或所述第二增压器的输出温度在-125℃和-145℃之间。
根据本发明的另一目的，提供了一种用于借助低温蒸馏来分离空气的设备，其包括塔系统，该系统的一个塔在被称为中压的最高压力下运行；用于压缩高压下的全部空气的压缩机，该高压至少比所述中压大3bar；净化单元，其连接至所述压缩机以净化全部高压空气；管道，其用于输送构成高压净化空气的10%至35%之间的待在交换管路内被冷却的一部分空气；第一单级增压器；第二单级增压器；用于将所述构成净化空气的10%至35%之间的一部分空气在所述交换管路的第一中间温度下输送到第一增压器的管道；用于输送待在所述交换管路内被冷却的在所述第一增压器内被增压的空气的至少一部分的管道；用于将这部分冷却空气在第二中间温度下从所述交换管路输送至第二增压器的管道；用于将空气从所述第二增压器输送至所述交换管路以被冷却的管道；用于将来自所述第二增压器的已冷却的空气从所述交换管路输送至用于膨胀的装置并且然后输送到塔系统中的管道；其中所述交换管路设计成使得所述第一温度和所述第二温度相差最多10℃并且所述第一温度与所述第二温度在-145℃和-165℃之间；至少两个涡轮机；用于将可能构成高压净化空气的65%和90%之间的高压净化空气的另一部分从所述交换管路输送至两个涡轮机的管路，所述两个涡轮机具有是所述交换管路的中间温度的一个或多个进口温度；用于将空气从两个涡轮机输送至所述塔系统的管道，其中所述第一增压器联接至两个涡轮机中的一个且所述第二增压器联接至两个涡轮机中的另一个；用于输送液态氧的管道，所述液态氧被加压至低于或等于16bar的压力、更优选地在10bar和16bar之间的压力，在所述交换管路内蒸发；以及，联接至至少一个增压器的能量消耗装置。
将通过参考示出根据本发明的用于分离空气的方法的附图更详细地描述本发明。
在主压缩机3中将空气流压缩至在塔31的压力以上至少3bar的压力，该塔31是用于借助低温蒸馏来分离空气的双塔的中压塔。被压缩的空气在净化单元7中被净化以形成净化流9。该净化流在没有被冷却的情况下被送至交换管路11并且在该交换管路中被冷却至第一中间温度。在这个温度下，所述空气被分成部分13和部分14。部分13在第一中间温度下进入单一的第一单级增压器15，该部分13在该增压器中被增压。将增压后的空气送至交换管路11，在该交换管路中其被再次冷却至低于第一中间温度的第二中间温度。在这个第二中间温度下，在增压器15内被增压的空气的至少一部分、甚至全部空气13在单一的第二单级增压器25内被增压。
所述第一中间温度和所述第二中间温度最多相差10℃，且该第一温度和该第二温度在-145℃和-165℃之间。
所述第一中间温度可以大于或等于所述第二中间温度。
增压器15、25的各个输出温度在-110℃和-150℃之间，更优选地在-125℃和-145℃之间。
双重增压的空气流13在使加压氧流蒸发所需的压力下被送至所述交换管路。增压空气流13在这个压力下被冷却直至交换管路11的冷端并且冷凝。在该交换器的输出端，所述空气流膨胀并且被送至中压塔31。
空气的余下部分14被分成两个或三个部分。根据替代方案，空气14的全部被分成两个部分。一个部分19被送至具有进口温度（其为所述交换管路的第三中间温度）的涡轮机17，然后以气态形式被送至中压塔31。另一部分21被送至具有进口温度（其为所述交换管路的第四中间温度，该第四中间温度大于所述第三中间温度）的涡轮机27，然后以气态形式被送至中压塔31。更优选地，部分19、21混合以形成单一空气流23。
否则，除了部分19、21以外，高压空气的一部分26可以继续被冷却直至交换管路11的冷端并且冷凝。在该交换器的输出端，其将在阀内膨胀并且被送至塔系统，例如被送至中压塔31。
所述双塔包括以已知方式由回流39、41热连接在一起的中压塔31和低压塔33。
低压塔33生产在交换管路11中被加热的氮流43。低压塔还在贮槽（塔底槽，cuve）内生产液态氧35，该液态氧被加压至介于10bar和16bar之间的压力并且在所述交换管路内蒸发以形成加压的气态氧。
可以设想用这种方法在两个不同的压力下蒸发液态氧，或者蒸发液态氮或液态氩（可能与液态氧同时被加压）。
在两种产品（或者一种产品在两个不同压力水平下）在所述交换管路内蒸发的情况下，流13的一部分能继续被冷却直至所述交换器的冷端并且不被增压器15增压。这部分流将冷凝。在交换器输出端，其将在阀内膨胀并被送至塔系统，例如被送至中压塔31。
增压器15至少部分地被两个涡轮机中的一个17或25驱动，且增压器25被另一个涡轮机25或17驱动。每种情况下，还可以有联接至所述压缩机的马达或发电机。能量消耗装置22、24（例如阀，优选油阀系统）将与两个涡轮机/压缩机系统15/17、25/27中的至少一个成一体。

Claims (15)

1.一种在一设备内借助低温蒸馏分离空气的方法，所述设备包括塔（31，33）系统，所述塔系统的一个塔（31）在被称为中压的最高压力下运行，在所述方法中：
-使全部空气达到比所述中压高至少3bar的高压并且在这个压力下在净化单元（7）内净化，空气在输出温度下自所述净化单元被送至交换管路（11）；
-全部被净化的空气在所述交换管路（11）内被冷却，并且构成所述被净化的空气的10%至35%之间的一部分空气借助至少一个在所述交换管路的第一中间温度下抽吸的第一单级增压器（15）被增压；
-所述第一增压器内的增压空气的至少一个部分在所述交换管路内被冷却，借助至少一个在所述交换管路的第二中间温度下抽吸的第二单级增压器（25）被增压，并且被送回到所述交换管路中，该被增压的空气在所述交换管路中冷却，然后可能在所述交换管路的冷端处液化并在膨胀以后被送到所述塔系统中；
-构成所述高压净化空气的可能地介于65%和90%之间的高压净化空气的另一部分在所述交换管路内被冷却，然后至少部分地在至少两个涡轮机（17，27）内膨胀，然后被送至所述塔系统以被分离，所述两个涡轮机具有一个或多个是所述交换管路的中间温度的进口温度；
-通过将所述第一增压器联接到所述两个涡轮机中的一个并且将所述第二增压器联接到所述两个涡轮机中的另一个，由空气膨胀生成的功至少部分地用于由第一增压器和/或第二增压器执行的低温压缩；
-液态氧在所述交换管路内蒸发；
其特征在于，在所述净化单元内被净化的全部空气在该净化单元的输出温度下被送至交换管路，所述液态氧被加压至低于或等于16bar的压力、优选在10bar和16bar之间的压力，以便在所述交换管路内蒸发；能量消耗装置（22，24）联接至所述增压器中的至少一个；所述第一温度与所述第二温度相差最多10℃并且所述第一温度与所述第二温度在-145℃和-165℃之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述两个涡轮机（17，27）具有由所述交换管路的第三中间温度和第四中间温度构成的不同的进口温度。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三温度低于所述第一温度。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三温度与所述第四温度相差最多20℃或甚至相差最多10℃。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一温度高于所述第二温度。
6.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一温度低于或等于所述第二温度。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，由至少一个所述涡轮机生成的能量的一部分被消耗。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，借助连接至所述涡轮机的油阀系统（22，24）来消耗所述能量的一部分。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一增压器（15）内被增压的全部空气被送至所述第二增压器（25）。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述净化单元内被净化的全部空气在该净化单元的输出压力下被送至所述交换管路。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述系统包括用于分离空气的双塔，该双塔包括第一塔（31）和在比第一塔的压力低的压力下运行的第二塔（33），其中在所述两个涡轮机（17，27）内膨胀的空气被送至所述第一塔。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，旨在用于分离的全部空气被送至所述交换管路（11）的热端。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一温度低于所述第二增压器（25）的输出温度。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一增压器（15）和/或所述第二增压器（25）的输出温度在-110℃和-150℃之间。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一增压器（15）和/或所述第二增压器（25）的输出温度在-125℃和-145℃之间。
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