CN216716763U - 一种使用单个精馏塔生产纯氮的装置 - Google Patents
一种使用单个精馏塔生产纯氮的装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种使用单个精馏塔生产纯氮的装置,该装置由空压机、预冷纯化系统,循环氮气增压机及冷箱系统组成,所述空压机前方设有空气过滤器,后方设置预冷纯化系统,空气通过空气过滤器进入空气透平压缩机内压缩至约4bar后,送入预冷纯化系统。空气在预冷纯化系统内经空冷塔冷却,分子筛除杂后,进入冷箱系统。空气经板式换热器冷却至接近饱和后,进入低温精馏塔精馏后获得低压氮气及液空,该股低压氮气通过换热器复热出冷箱,一部分去膨胀机增压端增压后作为产品,一部分进入循环氮气压缩机。氮气经循环氮气压缩机加压后,一部分作为产品,一部分作为膨胀量。本实用新型具有能够大幅度提高低温精馏制氮装置的提取率,降低空分装置的能耗等优点。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及的是一种使用单个精馏塔生产纯氮的装置,更具体的说,通过精馏塔、循环氮气压缩机与膨胀机组的高效耦合来生产大量多规格纯氮的装置。
背景技术
氮气占大气组分的78%左右,其性质不活泼,具有化学惰性,是一种的应用领域广泛的工业气体,被广泛应用在化工生产、装备制造、食品保鲜、激光切割等领域。目前的纯氮生产设备主要采用低温精馏方法,低温精馏分离作为空分领域应用范围最广的方法已有上百年的历史,目前广泛应用于冶金、化工、玻璃、电子等各个行业领域。
随着各行各业技术的快速发展,生产过程中对氮气的需求量迅速增加。同时伴随着产业多元化的发展趋势,生产工艺的多样化也导致生产对氮气产品的规格需求也越来越多。因此,能够适应大量及多规格氮气提取,同时能有效降低能耗的空分设备工艺流程应用前景广泛。
发明内容
本实用新型的目的在于提供一种使用单个精馏塔生产纯氮的装置,此装置可以大幅度减小原料气体的加工量,并且降低了原料气体压缩机的排气压力,从而有效降低氮气制备的能耗。本实用新型的目的是通过如下技术方案来完成的:一种使用单个精馏塔联合循环氮气压缩机生产大量多规格纯氮的装置,该装置由空压机、预冷纯化系统、循环氮气压缩机、冷箱系统组成,相互之间通过管道进行连接,其中预冷纯化系统由空冷塔、水冷塔、冷却水泵、冷冻水泵、冷水机组、分子筛吸附器和再生加热器组成,所述冷箱系统由板式换热器、低压精馏塔、膨胀机增压端、增压端后冷却器、冷凝蒸发器、膨胀机膨胀端、气液分离器和液氮过冷器组成,所述空压机前方设有空气过滤器,后方设置预冷纯化系统,空气通过空气过滤器进入空压机内压缩至约4bar后,送入预冷纯化系统。空气在预冷纯化系统内经空冷塔冷却,分子筛吸附器除杂后,进入冷箱系统。空气经板式换热器冷却至接近饱和后,进入低压精馏塔精馏后获得低压氮气及液空,该股低压氮气通过换热器复热出冷箱,一部分去膨胀机增压端增压后作为产品,一部分进入循环氮气压缩机。氮气经循环氮气压缩机加压后,一部分作为产品,一部分返回换热器作为膨胀量。
作为优选:所述低压精馏塔底部获得低压富氧液空顶部获得低压氮气A,富氧液空节流至常压后送入冷凝蒸发器的蒸发侧,与低压精馏塔顶部的低压氮气换热后气化得到污氮气,低压氮气A经板式换热器复热至常温后出冷箱,分为两股:一股去膨胀机增压端继续增压至5-6公斤,进入增压端后冷却器,冷却至常温后作为低压氮气产品送入用户产品氮气管网;一股去循环氮气压缩机继续增压。
作为优选:所述循环氮气压缩机的低压氮气增压至约40公斤后分为两部分,一部分作为中压氮气产品送入用户管网中,一部分作为中压膨胀量去板式换热器与返流污氮换热后,从换热器中部抽出去膨胀机膨胀端,膨胀后的带液氮气送入气液分离器,分离得到液氮A和低压氮气B。
作为优选:所述液氮A分为两部分,一部分作为回流液氮,返流回低压精馏塔参与精馏,一部分去液氮过冷器,过冷后的液氮C分为两部分,一部分作为液氮产品,一部分作为过冷器冷源氮气节流至常压,返流与液氮过冷器换热后,与污氮气B并流得到污氮气C。
作为优选:所述污氮气经板式换热器复热后出冷箱,分为两股,一股作为分子筛再生气源去再生加热器,一股作为水冷塔用污氮气A。
本实用新型具有以下特点:
1)本实用新型通过精馏系统中的低压精馏塔与一台低压冷凝蒸发器耦合以实现二者的热量交换,从而保持精馏过程的稳定进行。本实用新型利用低压精馏塔底部的富氧液空在节流后作为自身冷源,相较常规空分,蒸发侧液体中氧含量的降低能有效降低了空气压缩机的排气压力,蒸发后的富氧空气直接作为污氮气去分子筛系统作为再生气源或去水冷塔冷却循环水。
2)本实用新型氮气产品提取率高,循环氮气压缩机与中压膨胀机的组合使膨胀后有大量液氮灌入低压精馏塔,有效调整下塔的回流比,使低压塔中的精馏效率提升,氮气提取率增加。
3)本实用新型氮气产品规格多样化,根据下游工艺的需要,通过循环氮气压缩机及膨胀机组的系统的耦合,可生产多种规格的氮气。
4)本实用新型通过膨胀机组的系统的耦合,可选择单台中压膨胀机或一台中压膨胀机和一台低压膨胀机的配置形式,同时调整膨胀量,可根据工艺需求在极大范围内调整液氮产品的产量。
5)本实用新型为单塔制氮精馏系统,精馏系统与压缩机组与膨胀机组的匹配简洁,调整灵活。
本实用新型采用的单塔精馏方法能够有效提高单塔制单装置的提取率,并降低空压机排压,减少制单装置的能耗。在流程布置方面更是有极大的自由度,可根据不同气体和液体氮产品的规格对循环氮气压缩机及膨胀机组进行优化配置,达到最佳能耗点。单个精馏塔操作灵活,调整快捷的特点也得到保留。
附图说明
图1是本实用新型的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本实用新型作详细的介绍:如图1所示,一种使用单个精馏塔联合循环氮气压缩机生产大量多规格纯氮的装置,该装置由空压机3、预冷纯化系统、循环氮气压缩机21、冷箱系统组成,相互之间通过管道进行连接,其中预冷纯化系统由空冷塔4、水冷塔5、冷却水泵7、冷冻水泵9、冷水机组10、分子筛吸附器12和再生加热器38组成,所述冷箱系统由板式换热器14、低压精馏塔15、膨胀机增压端18、增压端后冷却器19、冷凝蒸发器22、膨胀机膨胀端26、气液分离器28和液氮过冷器32组成,所述空压机3前方设有空气过滤器2,后方设置预冷纯化系统,空气通过空气过滤器2进入空压机3内压缩至约4bar后,送入预冷纯化系统。空气在预冷纯化系统内经空冷塔4冷却,分子筛吸附器12除杂后,进入冷箱系统。空气经板式换热器14冷却至接近饱和后,进入低压精馏塔15精馏后获得低压氮气及液空,该股低压氮气通过换热器14复热出冷箱,一部分去膨胀机增压端18增压后作为产品,一部分进入循环氮气压缩机21。氮气经循环氮气压缩机21加压后,一部分作为产品,一部分返回换热器14作为膨胀量。
所述低压精馏塔底部获得低压富氧液空17顶部获得低压氮气A16,富氧液空17节流至常压后送入冷凝蒸发器22的蒸发侧,与低压精馏塔15顶部的低压氮气换热后气化得到污氮气B23,低压氮气A 16经板式换热器14复热至常温后出冷箱,分为两股:一股去膨胀机增压端18继续增压至5-6公斤,进入增压端后冷却器19,冷却至常温后作为低压氮气产品20送入用户产品氮气管网;一股去循环氮气压缩机21继续增压。
所述循环氮气压缩机21的低压氮气增压至约40公斤后分为两部分,一部分作为中压氮气产品24送入用户管网中,一部分作为中压膨胀量25去板式换热器14与返流污氮换热后,从换热器中部抽出去膨胀机膨胀端26,膨胀后的带液氮气27送入气液分离器28,分离得到液氮A29和低压氮气B30。
所述液氮A29分为两部分,一部分作为回流液氮31,返流回低压精馏塔参与精馏,一部分去液氮过冷器32,过冷后的液氮C33分为两部分,一部分作为液氮产品34,一部分作为过冷器冷源氮气35节流至常压,返流与液氮过冷器32换热后,与污氮气B23并流得到污氮气C36。
所述污氮气C36经板式换热器14复热后出冷箱,分为两股,一股作为分子筛再生气源37去再生加热器38,一股作为水冷塔用污氮气A8。
一种使用单个精馏塔生产纯氮的装置的使用方法,包括如下步骤:
a) 来自大气的原料空气作为原料气体,经过空气透平压缩机增压,得到高温气体;高温气体经预冷纯化系统冷却吸附后,得到低压空气;
b)低压空气进入冷箱内的主换热器,被返流气体冷却至饱和温度后进入低压精馏塔参与精馏;
c)经低压精馏塔精馏后,在低压精馏塔顶部获得低压氮气,在低压精馏塔底部获得富氧液空;富氧液空节流至常压,送入冷凝蒸发器蒸发侧;低压氮气直接进入主换热器,与正流低压空气进行热交换,复热到常温后送出冷箱。
d)进入冷凝蒸发器蒸发侧的富氧液空与精馏塔顶部的低压氮气换热后汽化的到污氮气,污氮气送入主换热器复热后出冷箱,一部分去分子筛作为再生气源,一部分去水冷塔冷却循环水。
e)出冷箱低压氮气一部分去膨胀机增压端增压后作为低压氮气产品,其余去循环氮气压缩机继续增压;
f)低压氮气经循环氮气压缩机压缩后,从末级抽出并冷却后,一部分作为中压氮气产品,一部分送入主换热器,与返流气体换热后从换热器中部抽出,去中压膨胀机膨胀端膨胀后送入汽液分离器,分离得到低压氮气和低压液氮。
g)分离得到的低压氮气与下塔顶部抽取的低压氮气并流后去主换热器复热,分离得到的低压液氮一部分送入下塔顶部参与精馏,一部分作为产品液氮,送入液氮过冷器,与返流的常压氮气换热后出冷箱;
h)液氮过冷器中返流的常压氮气由产品液氮中抽取一部分节流至常压获得,出过冷器的常压氮气与冷凝蒸发器蒸发侧的常压污氮气并流,去主换热器复热出冷箱;
作为优选的实施例:精馏系统中的低压精馏塔与冷凝蒸发器耦合以实现二者的热量交换,从而保持精馏过程的稳定进行,冷凝蒸发器的冷源来自于节流至常压的低压精馏塔底部的富氧液空。
作为优选的实施例:复热出冷箱的低压氮气可抽取一部分去膨胀机增压端增压后作为低压氮气产品,也可利用增压端制动电机回收膨胀产生的能量,生产电能。
作为优选的实施例:根据氮气产品规格需求,去膨胀机增压端的氮气可从循环氮压机中抽或从末级抽取,增压后的氮气经冷却后,可作为产品或送入板式换热器,中抽去膨胀机;
作为优选的实施例:复热出冷箱的低压氮气可从换热器中部抽取一部分送入低压氮气膨胀机,膨胀至接近常压后返流回主换热器复热出冷箱,作为常压氮气产品,低压膨胀机增压端可根据产品需求与机型匹配选择电回收亦或是增压氮气获得氮气产品;
作为优选的实施例:送入循环氮气增压机的增压氮气可全部从末级抽出,也可根据产品需求选择从循环氮气增压机中部抽出所需压力等级的氮气产品,中压膨胀机膨胀端的气源也可根据产品需求选择从循环氮气增压机中抽;
一种用于所述使用中压精馏塔降低空分能耗方法的装置,所述的装置包括:
一用于于获得压缩空气的原料空气压缩系统,该系统包括1台空气透平压缩机;
一用于于获得压缩氮气的循环氮气压缩系统,该系统包括1台循环氮气压缩机;
一用于原料空气冷却与吸附的预冷纯化系统,该系统包括1台水冷塔,1台空冷塔,2台分子筛及1台污氮气加热装置;一用于整个低温精馏装置冷量制取的膨胀制冷系统,该系统至少包括1台中压增压透平膨胀机;一用于获得产品气体的低温精馏系统,该系统包括1套低温换热器,1台低压精馏塔,1台冷凝蒸发器;一用于实现整个装置运行的自动控制系统,包括1套DCS系统,1套阀门,1套测量仪表和1套组分在线分析仪表。
实施例:图1所示为一套采用单塔氮循环制氮法生产多种规格氮气产品的一种具体实施例,图中所示:
来自大气的原料空气1(其组分含量约O2:20.95%,Ar:0.932%,N2:78.118%)经空气过滤器2滤去大颗粒杂质后被供给原料空气透平压缩机3(后称空压机),在其中被压缩至约4bar(绝对压力,下同)的压力,然后送入空冷塔4冷却至约12℃。
空冷塔4下段和水冷塔5的循环冷却水6来自公用工程系统,空冷塔4下段冷却水由冷却水泵7增压后进入空冷塔下段,空冷塔4上段冷冻水由循环冷却水6经水冷塔5,与返流污氮气A8换热后,经冷冻水泵9增压,经冷水机组10降温后进入空冷塔上段。
冷却后的低压空气11进入分子筛吸附器12,吸附H2O,CO2等杂质后得到低压空气13,直接送入板式换热器14冷却至接近饱和温度后出板式换热器14进入低压精馏塔15底部参与精馏。
经低压精馏塔15精馏后,在低压精馏塔顶部获得低压氮气A16,在低压精馏塔底部获得低压富氧液空17。富氧液空17节流至常压后送入冷凝蒸发器22的蒸发侧,与低压精馏塔15顶部的低压氮气换热后气化得到污氮气B23。低压氮气A16经板式换热器14复热至常温后出冷箱,分为两股:一股去膨胀机增压端18继续增压至5-6公斤,然后送入增压端后冷却器19,冷却至常温后作为低压氮气产品20送入用户产品氮气管网;一股去循环氮气压缩机21继续增压。
循环氮气压缩机21的低压氮气增压至约40公斤后分为两部分,一部分作为中压氮气产品24送入用户管网,一部分作为中压膨胀量25去板式换热器14与返流污氮换热后,从换热器中部抽出去膨胀机膨胀端26,膨胀后的带液氮气27送入气液分离器28,分离得到液氮A29和低压氮气B30。
液氮A29分为两部分,一部分作为回流液氮31,返流回低压精馏塔参与精馏。一部分去液氮过冷器32,过冷后的液氮C33分为两部分,一部分作为液氮产品34,一部分作为过冷器冷源氮气35节流至常压,返流与液氮过冷器32换热后,与污氮气B23并流得到污氮气C36。
污氮气C36经板式换热器14复热后出冷箱,分为两股,一股作为分子筛再生气源37去再生加热器38,一股作为水冷塔用污氮气A8。
本实用新型提供一种可以实施的适合于氮气产品量较大,又需要多种规格氮气(3bar(A)/5bar(A)/8bar(A)/20bar(A)/40bar(A)/65bar(A))及大量液氮的单塔氮气循环低温精馏制氮装置。该装置克服了现有的单塔精馏法制氮装置在制取氮气时,氮气的提取率较低,规格较为单一,能耗较高的不足,有效减少了制取低温精馏过程中的不可逆损失,充分利用了精馏塔的分离能力,大幅提制氮空分装置的提取率,从而显著降低单位产品的能耗指标。
Claims (5)
1.一种使用单个精馏塔生产纯氮的装置,该装置由空压机(3)、预冷纯化系统、循环氮气压缩机(21)、冷箱系统组成,相互之间通过管道进行连接,其中预冷纯化系统由空冷塔(4)、水冷塔(5)、冷却水泵(7)、冷冻水泵(9)、冷水机组(10)、分子筛吸附器(12)和再生加热器(38)组成,所述冷箱系统由板式换热器(14)、低压精馏塔(15)、膨胀机增压端(18)、增压端后冷却器(19)、冷凝蒸发器(22)、膨胀机膨胀端(26)、气液分离器(28)和液氮过冷器(32)组成,其特征在于:所述空压机(3)前方设有空气过滤器(2),后方设置预冷纯化系统,空气通过空气过滤器(2)进入空压机(3)内压缩至约4bar后,送入预冷纯化系统,空气在预冷纯化系统内经空冷塔(4)冷却,分子筛吸附器(12)除杂后,进入冷箱系统,空气经板式换热器(14)冷却至接近饱和后,进入低压精馏塔(15)精馏后获得低压氮气及液空,该股低压氮气通过换热器(14)复热出冷箱,一部分去膨胀机增压端(18)增压后作为产品,一部分进入循环氮气压缩机(21),氮气经循环氮气压缩机(21)加压后,一部分作为产品,一部分返回换热器(14)作为膨胀量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的使用单个精馏塔生产纯氮的装置,其特征在于:所述低压精馏塔底部获得低压富氧液空(17)顶部获得低压氮气A(16),富氧液空(17)节流至常压后送入冷凝蒸发器(22)的蒸发侧,与低压精馏塔(15)顶部的低压氮气换热后气化得到污氮气B(23),低压氮气A(16)经板式换热器(14)复热至常温后出冷箱,分为两股:一股去膨胀机增压端(18)继续增压至5-6公斤,进入增压端后冷却器(19),冷却至常温后作为低压氮气产品(20)送入用户产品氮气管网;一股去循环氮气压缩机(21)继续增压。
3.根据权利要求2所述的使用单个精馏塔生产纯氮的装置,其特征在于:所述循环氮气压缩机(21)的低压氮气增压至约40公斤后分为两部分,一部分作为中压氮气产品(24)送入用户管网中,一部分作为中压膨胀量(25)去板式换热器(14)与返流污氮换热后,从换热器中部抽出去膨胀机膨胀端(26),膨胀后的带液氮气(27)送入气液分离器(28),分离得到液氮A(29)和低压氮气B(30)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的使用单个精馏塔生产纯氮的装置,其特征在于:所述液氮A(29)分为两部分,一部分作为回流液氮(31),返流回低压精馏塔参与精馏,一部分去液氮过冷器(32),过冷后的液氮C(33)分为两部分,一部分作为液氮产品(34),一部分作为过冷器冷源氮气(35)节流至常压,返流与液氮过冷器(32)换热后,与污氮气B(23)并流得到污氮气C(36)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的使用单个精馏塔生产纯氮的装置,其特征在于:所述污氮气C(36)经板式换热器(14)复热后出冷箱,分为两股,一股作为分子筛再生气源(37)去再生加热器(38),一股作为水冷塔用污氮气A(8)。
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CN115790076A (zh) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-03-14 | 杭氧集团股份有限公司 | 一种回收烟道气中二氧化碳和氮气的装置及方法 |
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CN107082427A (zh) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-08-22 | 苏州市兴鲁空分设备科技发展有限公司 | 二硫化碳回收装置 |
CN115790076A (zh) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-03-14 | 杭氧集团股份有限公司 | 一种回收烟道气中二氧化碳和氮气的装置及方法 |
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