CN112556314A - 一种低能耗的单塔纯氮制取的装置及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种低能耗的单塔纯氮制取的装置及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN112556314A
CN112556314A CN202011618283.8A CN202011618283A CN112556314A CN 112556314 A CN112556314 A CN 112556314A CN 202011618283 A CN202011618283 A CN 202011618283A CN 112556314 A CN112556314 A CN 112556314A
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tower
nitrogen
sending
pressure
heat exchanger
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施俊丰
王定伟
陈晓晶
汪建峰
杨鹏
曹亮
吾布力海热·阿布都克日木
邓优
欧阳越
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Hangzhou Oxygen Plant Group Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/0403—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/0406—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04145—Mechanically coupling of different compressors of the air fractionation process to the same driver(s)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04381—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/044—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a single pressure main column system only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/72—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the totally condensed overhead gas

Abstract

一种低能耗的单塔纯氮制取的装置，所述该装置主要包括依次连接的AF、原料空气压缩机MAC、预冷机组Cooler、分子筛系统纯化MS、真空冷箱Vacuumcoldbox，所述真空冷箱中设有换热器E1和氮塔C1，其中氮塔分为塔底C1和塔顶K1，并在两者之间设有过冷节，所述换热器还连接膨胀机，该膨胀机连接分子筛系统，所述塔顶还设有一连接外部的管道，真空冷箱主要是由单层的珠光砂隔热真空冷箱组成，本发明具有流程简单、能耗水平与双塔流程相近（能耗差异小于0.01kwh/Nm3）的同时流程可靠性高且应用范围低至1200Nm3/h的单塔流程纯氮装置。

Description

一种低能耗的单塔纯氮制取的装置及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种低能耗的单塔纯氮制取的装置，主要适用于中小型的纯氮提取装，属于低温精馏空气分离技术领域。
背景技术
近年随着半导体、太阳能行业等的扩张在其生产工艺过程中应用极为广泛的氮气逐渐采用高纯氮现场制气替代传统的液氮气化供应模式。随着技术的发展进步，传统的制氮流程越来越难以满足用户对成本的苛刻要求。
单塔纯氮装置，见图1：空气经过滤器过滤后进入原料空气压缩机中压缩至一定压力，经冷干机预冷后送入分子筛纯化系统中净化除去二氧化碳及水。净化后的空气送入主换热器冷却到接近饱和的温度，然后送入氮塔参与精馏在塔顶获得氮气，塔底获得的液空去过冷器过冷后送入冷凝蒸发器中蒸发并为精馏塔提供回流液体提供冷量。蒸发后的气体通过板式复热后到一定温度后抽出送入膨胀机膨胀为装置提供冷量，复热后的气体送入分子筛系统或放空。
一般用户的氮气产品压力为7-8barG，典型的单塔纯氮流程通常是在MAC中对空气压缩至高于目标压力后送入塔内进行精馏，然后获得的产品复热后送出界区。这种传统的单塔由于操作压力高氮气提取率差（约45%-50%），因此能耗水平较高。
双塔纯氮装置，见图2：空气经过滤器过滤后进入原料空气压缩机中压缩至一定压力，经冷干机预冷后送入分子筛纯化系统中净化除去二氧化碳及水。净化后的空气送入主换热器冷却到接近饱和的温度，然后送入中压塔参与精馏，在塔顶获得氮气，塔低或的液空经过冷器过冷后送入冷凝蒸发器中蒸发并为精馏塔提供回流液体提供冷量。蒸发后的蒸汽分成两路：一路送入低压塔参与精馏，在塔低获得液空然后送入塔顶蒸发，在塔顶获得液氮，液氮经过液氮泵增压后送入中压塔；另一路气体通过板式复热后经过膨胀机膨胀为装置提供冷量。
为了降低能耗，结合实际的产品选型在工业中对于氮气产量大于2500Nm3/h的时候通常采用双塔流程。由于采用了双级精馏因此其提取率高（65-80%）有了极大的改善，能耗相比传统流程大幅度降低，但存在流程复杂，运行气可靠性相对较差等问题，当装置小于2500Nm3/h的时候，更是存在低温泵选型困难的问题。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足，而提供一种依据工程流体力学原理及气液相平衡原理而开发的一种流程简单、能耗水平低于双塔纯氮流程的同时流程可靠性高且应用范围低至1200Nm3/h的单塔流程纯氮装置。本发明是通过如下技术方案来完成的，一种低能耗的单塔纯氮制取的装置，所述该装置主要包括依次连接的AF、原料空气压缩机MAC、预冷机组Cooler、分子筛系统纯化MS、真空冷箱Vacuumcoldbox，所述真空冷箱中设有换热器E1和氮塔C1，其中氮塔分为塔底C1和塔顶K1，并在两者之间设有过冷节，所述换热器还连接膨胀机，该膨胀机连接分子筛系统，所述塔顶还设有一连接外部的管道。
作为优选：所述真空冷箱主要是由单层的珠光砂隔热真空冷箱组成。
一种低能耗的单塔纯氮制取的制造方法：其特征在于所述该方法包括如下：
先使用常规技术AF将空气中的机械杂质进行过滤，然后送入原料空气压缩机中压缩获得一定的压力并在预冷机组中冷却并分离水分，再送入分子筛系统纯化后送入真空冷箱，先经过主换热器换热冷凝至饱和压力后送入氮塔参与精馏，塔底部获得的富氧液空经过过冷节流后送入塔顶冷凝器作为冷源，蒸发后的气体经过主换热器复热后送入膨胀机膨胀制冷，然后回收冷量送分子筛系统或放空。在塔顶获得的压力氮气经过产品压缩机压缩至目标压力并进一步复热后送给客户，或者在塔顶获得的压力氮气经过复热后由产品压缩机压缩至目标压力进一步送给客户，所述产品压缩是与原料空气压缩机组合在同一台机组上，其中该产品压缩机是由膨胀机的增压端驱动。
本发明的主要目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足，而提供一种依据工程流体力学原理及气液相平衡原理而开发的一种流程简单、能耗水平与双塔流程相近（能耗差异小于0.01kwh/Nm3）的同时流程可靠性高且应用范围低至1200Nm3/h的单塔流程纯氮装置。
附图说明
图1是典型的单塔纯氮流程示意图。
图2是典型的双塔纯氮流程示意图。
图3是本发明所述一种低能耗的单塔纯氮制取装置的流程示意图。
图4是本发明所述另一种低能耗的纯氮制取装置的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明作详细的说明：图3、4所示，本发明所述的一种低能耗的单塔纯氮制取的装置是：先使用公知技术将空气中的机械杂质进行过滤，然后送入原料空气压缩机MAC中压缩获得一定的压力并在预冷机组中冷却并分离水分，再送入分子筛系统纯化后送入真空冷箱1，先经过主换热器E1换热冷凝至饱和压力后送入氮塔C1参与精馏，塔底部获得的富氧液空经过过冷节流后送入塔顶冷凝器K1作为冷源，蒸发后的气体经过主换热器E1复热后送入膨胀机膨胀制冷，然后回收冷量送分子筛系统或放空。在塔顶获得的压力氮气经过产品压缩机压缩至目标压力并进一步复热后送给客户，该产品压缩机是由膨胀机的增压端驱动。
所述的装置中：采用的单塔通常工作压力介于4-6bar之间，可以产品压力进行调整，相对于传统的单塔（工作压力7.5-8.5bar）由于工作压力的降低直接带来的好处就是提取率的提升（提取率约可以提高8-13%）。
所述的装置中：真空冷箱1主要是由单层的珠光砂隔热真空冷箱组成，采用该冷箱可以大幅度降低漏热（漏热量降低至常规低温冷箱的1/10），为冷箱内低温压缩提供了条件。
所述的装置中：采用膨胀机的增压端对低温氮气进行压缩，可以非常有效的降低产品压缩机的压缩能耗（相比常规压缩能耗可以降低8%），同时降低了装置的成本。
实施例：图3所示，本发明所述的一种低能耗的单塔纯氮制取的装置是：先使用公知技术AF将空气中的机械杂质进行过滤，然后送入原料空气压缩机MAC中压缩获得一定的压力并在预冷机组Cooler中冷却并分离水分，再送入分子筛系统纯化MS后送入真空冷箱Vacuumcoldbox，先经过主换热器E1换热冷凝至饱和压力后送入氮塔C1参与精馏，塔底部获得的富氧液空经过过冷节流后送入塔顶冷凝器K1作为冷源，蒸发后的气体经过主换热器E1复热后送入膨胀机膨胀制冷ET，然后回收冷量送分子筛系统或放空。在塔顶获得的压力氮气经过产品压缩机压缩NT至目标压力并进一步复热后送给客户，该产品压缩机是由膨胀机的增压端驱动。
实施例：图4所示，本发明所述的一种低能耗的单塔纯氮制取的装置是：先使用公知技术AF将空气中的机械杂质进行过滤，然后送入原料空气压缩机MAC中压缩获得一定的压力并在预冷机组Cooler中冷却并分离水分，再送入分子筛系统纯化MS后送入真空冷箱Vacuumcoldbox，先经过主换热器换热E1冷凝至饱和压力后送入氮塔C1参与精馏，塔底部获得的富氧液空经过过冷节流后送入塔顶冷凝器K1作为冷源，蒸发后的气体经过主换热器复热后送入膨胀机膨胀制冷ET，然后回收冷量送分子筛系统或放空。在塔顶获得的压力氮气经过复热后由产品压缩机压缩至目标压力进一步送给客户，该产品压缩是与原料空气压缩机组合在同一台机组上，从而大幅度降低了成本与占地面积。
当出界区的产品氮气的压力为7bar时，通过倒推计算单塔的工作压力可以选定在5bar，此时氮气的提取率可以做到约60%，相比传统的单塔提取率（52%）提升了约8%。
本装置采用了主要是由单层的珠光砂隔热真空冷箱，采用该冷箱可以大幅度降低漏热（漏热量降低至常规低温冷箱的1/10，漏热量从10000kcal降低至1000kcal）。其中采用的膨胀机的增压端对低温氮气进行压缩，可以非常有效的降低产品压缩机的压缩能耗（5000气量的氮气根据上述指标采用常规压缩方式时其能耗为100kw，低温压缩充分利用了膨胀机的功率因此大幅度节省了此部分能耗），同时由于采用的高转速的膨胀机组增压端进行压缩，可以有效降低原料空气压缩机的级数或节省产品压缩机，从而同步实现产品能耗的降低至于双塔能耗水平接近且更低的采购成本。

Claims (3)

1.一种低能耗的单塔纯氮制取的装置，其特征在于所述该装置主要包括依次连接的AF、原料空气压缩机MAC、预冷机组Cooler、分子筛系统纯化MS、真空冷箱Vacuumcoldbox，所述真空冷箱中设有换热器和氮塔，其中氮塔分为塔底和塔顶，并在两者之间设有过冷节，所述换热器还连接膨胀机，该膨胀机连接分子筛系统，所述塔顶还设有一连接外部的管道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低能耗的单塔纯氮制取的装置，其特征在于所述真空冷箱主要是由单层的珠光砂隔热真空冷箱组成。
3.一种根据权利要求1或2所述的低能耗的单塔纯氮制取的制造方法：其特征在于所述该方法包括如下：
先使用常规AF将空气中的机械杂质进行过滤，然后送入原料空气压缩机中压缩获得一定的压力并在预冷机组中冷却并分离水分，再送入分子筛系统纯化后送入真空冷箱，先经过主换热器换热冷凝至饱和压力后送入氮塔参与精馏，塔底部获得的富氧液空经过过冷节流后送入塔顶冷凝器作为冷源，蒸发后的气体经过主换热器复热后送入膨胀机膨胀制冷，然后回收冷量送分子筛系统或放空，在塔顶获得的压力氮气经过产品压缩机压缩至目标压力并进一步复热后送给客户，或者在塔顶获得的压力氮气经过复热后由产品压缩机压缩至目标压力进一步送给客户，所述产品压缩是与原料空气压缩机组合在同一台机组上，其中该产品压缩机是由膨胀机的增压端驱动。
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