CN114440553A - 一种低能耗氮气膨胀制冷的双塔纯氮制取装置及使用方法 - Google Patents

一种低能耗氮气膨胀制冷的双塔纯氮制取装置及使用方法 Download PDF

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CN114440553A
CN114440553A CN202210150189.7A CN202210150189A CN114440553A CN 114440553 A CN114440553 A CN 114440553A CN 202210150189 A CN202210150189 A CN 202210150189A CN 114440553 A CN114440553 A CN 114440553A
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tower
pressure
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pressure nitrogen
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施俊丰
杨鹏
谷雨
周强
汪建峰
邓优
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Hangzhou Oxygen Plant Group Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04424Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system without thermally coupled high and low pressure columns, i.e. a so-called split columns
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/0423Subcooling of liquid process streams
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04309Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04945Details of internal structure; insulation and housing of the cold box

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Abstract

一种低能耗氮气膨胀制冷的双塔纯氮制取装置,所述装置包括依次连接的空气过滤器、原料空气压缩机、预冷机组、分子筛系统纯化、冷箱,所述冷箱中设有换热器、过冷器,高压氮塔和低压氮塔,其中高压氮塔分为塔底和塔顶,低压氮塔分为塔底和塔顶,高、低压氮塔塔底和塔顶之间均设有过冷器,所述换热器与氮气膨胀机相连接,所述低压氮塔顶还设有一连接外部的管道,冷箱主要是由单层的珠光砂隔热冷箱组成,在氮气产品压力为3‑5barG时,会采用高压氮塔的氮气进行膨胀制冷,从而使得本发明相对于单塔流程装置,可明显降低制氮产品能耗。

Description

一种低能耗氮气膨胀制冷的双塔纯氮制取装置及使用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种低能耗氮气膨胀制冷的双塔纯氮制取装置及使用方法,主要适用于中低压的纯氮提取,属于低温精馏空气分离技术领域。
背景技术
随着电子、新能源、材料、食品等行业的发展,在其生产工艺过程中应用极为广泛的氮气逐渐由高纯氮现场制气替代传统的液氮气化供应模式。同时由于不同行业用户对氮气参数的差异化需求,传统的标准制氮流程越来越难以满足用户对制氮机运行能耗方面的要求。
典型的单塔纯氮流程通常是在MAC中对空气压缩至高于目标压力后送入塔内进行精馏,然后获得的产品复热后送出界区。这种传统的单塔由于操作压力高,氮气提取率差(约45%-50%),因此能耗水平较高。
为了降低能耗,在工业中对于氮气产量大于2500Nm3/h,产品压力4-5barG的时候通常采用污氮气反流膨胀制冷的单塔流程。由于采用了双级精馏其提取率(65-80%)有了极大的改善,相比传统流程能耗大幅度降低。但当客户氮气需求流量达到一定程度而且用气压力在4-5barG的中低压范围内时,污氮气反流膨胀制冷的双塔流程很难在能耗较低的情况下实现氮气供应。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足,而提供一种依据工程流体力学原理及气液相平衡原理而开发的一种氮气供应流量大于一定程度而供气气压力4-5barG,提取率65-80%的低能耗氮气膨胀制冷的双塔纯氮制取装置。
本发明是通过如下技术方案来完成的,一种低能耗氮气膨胀制冷的双塔纯氮制取装置,所述装置中主要包括了如下依次连接的空气过滤器、原料空气压缩机、预冷机组、分子筛系统纯化、冷箱,所述冷箱中设有换热器、过冷器,高压氮塔和低压氮塔,其中高压氮塔分为塔底和塔顶,低压氮塔分为塔底和塔顶,高、低压氮塔塔底和塔顶之间均设有过冷器,所述换热器与氮气膨胀机相连接,所述低压氮塔顶还设有一连接外部的管道。作为优选:所述冷箱为珠光砂隔热冷箱或珠光砂和真空隔热冷箱中的其中一种。
一种低能耗氮气膨胀制冷的双塔纯氮制取装置的使用方法,所述方法如下:
先使用公知技术空气过滤器将空气中的机械杂质进行过滤,然后送入空气压缩机中压缩获得一定的压力并在预冷机组中冷却并分离水分,再经分子筛系统纯化后送入真空冷箱,经过主换热器换热冷凝至饱和压力后送入高压氮塔参与精馏。精馏后在高压氮塔顶部抽出一部分高压氮气和液氮,而塔底部的饱和富氧液空节流后进入高压氮塔冷凝蒸发器的蒸发侧,以冷凝塔顶部的氮气。高压氮塔冷凝蒸发器蒸发侧的富氧液空被塔顶部的氮气加热蒸发为饱和气态,富氧液空及其蒸气被抽出进入低压氮塔参与精馏。精馏后在低压氮塔顶部获得一部分氮气,而塔底部的饱和富氧液空节流后进入低压氮塔冷凝蒸发器的蒸发侧,以冷凝塔顶部的氮气。低压氮塔冷凝蒸发器蒸发侧的富氧液空被塔顶部的氮气加热蒸发为饱和气态,液空蒸气被抽出依次进入过冷器、主换热器冷端,复热为常温后排出冷箱,部分作分子筛的再生气,其余放空。从高压氮塔顶部引出高压氮气,经主换热器复热至一定温度抽出,进入氮气膨胀机膨胀制冷,膨胀后的氮气与从低压氮塔抽出的氮气混合进入主换热器复热后作为产品气送至用户。从高压氮塔顶部抽出的液氮经过冷后送入储槽。为防止低压氮塔冷凝蒸发器中烃类的积聚,从其蒸发侧抽取一小股液体作为废液排放。
作为优选:所述氮气产品压力为3-5barG时,采用了来自高压塔的氮气进行膨胀制冷从而使得本发明相对于单塔流程装置,可明显降低制氮能耗。
作为优选:所述氮气产品压力为3-5barG而且需要生产一定液体量时,将珠光砂隔热冷箱变改为珠光砂+真空隔热冷箱,可以大幅度的降低冷损从而实现液体产能的增加,并且保证能耗可明显降低同类制氮装置的产品能耗。
本发明的主要目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足,而提供一种依据工程流体力学原理及气液相平衡原理而开发的一种氮气供应流量大于5000Nm3/h,供气压力4-5barG、有一定的液体要求,具备能耗较低,提取率65-80%的氮气膨胀制冷的双塔纯氮的方法及装置。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明作详细的说明:图1所示,本发明所述的一种低能耗的氮气膨胀双塔纯氮制取装置,所述装置包括依次连接的空气过滤器AF、原料空气压缩机MAC、预冷机组Cooler、分子筛系统纯化MS、冷箱1,所述冷箱1中设有换热器E1、过冷器E2,高压氮塔C1和低压氮塔C2,其中高压氮塔C1分为塔底和塔顶,低压氮塔C2分为塔底和塔顶,高、低压氮塔塔底和塔顶之间均设有过冷器E2,所述换热器E1与氮气膨胀机ET相连接,所述低压氮塔顶还设有一连接外部的管道,所述冷箱1为珠光砂隔热冷箱或珠光砂和真空隔热冷箱中的其中一种。
本发明低能耗氮气膨胀制冷的双塔纯氮制取装置的使用方法如下:
先使用公知技术AF将空气中的机械杂质进行过滤,然后送入原料空气压缩机MAC中压缩获得一定的压力并在预冷机组Cooler中冷却并分离水分,再送入分子筛系统MS纯化后送入冷箱,先经过主换热器E1换热冷凝至饱和压力后送入高压氮塔C1参与精馏。精馏后在高压氮塔顶部抽出一部分高压氮气和液氮,而塔底部的饱和富氧液空节流后进入高压氮塔冷凝蒸发器K1的蒸发侧,以冷凝塔顶部的氮气。高压氮塔冷凝蒸发器蒸发侧K1的富氧液空被塔顶部的氮气加热蒸发为饱和气态,富氧液空及其蒸气被抽出进入低压氮塔C2参与精馏。精馏后在低压氮塔C1顶部获得一部分氮气,而塔底部的饱和富氧液空节流后进入低压氮塔冷凝蒸发器的蒸发侧K2,以冷凝塔顶部的氮气。低压氮塔冷凝蒸发器蒸发侧K2的富氧液空被塔顶部的氮气加热蒸发为饱和气态,液空蒸气被抽出依次进入过冷器E2,主换热器冷端E1,复热为常温后排出冷箱1;部分作分子筛MS的再生气,其余放空。从高压氮塔C1顶部引出高压氮气,经主换热器E1复热至一定温度抽出,进入氮气膨胀机ET膨胀制冷,膨胀后的氮气与从低压氮塔C2抽出的氮气混合进入主换E1复热后作为产品气送至用户。从高压氮塔C1顶部抽出的液氮经过冷后送入储槽。为防止低压氮塔冷凝蒸发器K2中烃类的积聚,从其蒸发侧抽取一小股液体作为废液排放。
所述的装置中:采用的高压氮塔通常工作压力介于8-11bar之间,低压氮塔工作压力介于3-6bar之间,可依产品压力进行调整。
所述的装置中:冷箱主要是由单层的珠光砂隔热冷箱组成。当有一定的液体产能需求时,采用该真空冷箱可以大幅度降低漏热(漏热量降低至常规低温冷箱的1/10),为冷箱内生产低温液体提供了有利条件。
所述的装置中:采用高压氮塔抽取的高压氮气作为膨胀机的入口气源,相较于低压污氮气反流膨胀方式,可以有效利用高压氮气的高压力、大流量特性,以此增加制冷量。
实施例:图1所示,本发明所述的一种低能耗氮气膨胀制冷的双塔纯氮制取装置是:先使用公知技术空气过滤器AF将空气中的机械杂质进行过滤,然后送入原料空气压缩机MAC中压缩获得一定的压力并在预冷机组Cooler中冷却并分离水分,再送入分子筛系统MS纯化后送入冷箱1,先经过主换热器E1换热冷凝至饱和压力后送入高压氮塔C1参与精馏。精馏后在高压氮塔顶部抽出一部分高压氮气和液氮,而塔底部的饱和富氧液空节流后进入高压氮塔冷凝蒸发器K1的蒸发侧,以冷凝塔顶部的氮气。高压氮塔冷凝蒸发器蒸发侧K1的富氧液空被塔顶部的氮气加热蒸发为饱和气态,富氧液空及其蒸气被抽出进入低压氮塔C2参与精馏。精馏后在低压氮塔C1顶部获得一部分氮气,而塔底部的饱和富氧液空节流后进入低压氮塔冷凝蒸发器的蒸发侧K2,以冷凝塔顶部的氮气。低压氮塔冷凝蒸发器蒸发侧K2的富氧液空被塔顶部的氮气加热蒸发为饱和气态,液空蒸气被抽出依次进入过冷器E2,主换热器冷端E1,复热为常温后排出冷箱1;部分作分子筛MS的再生气,其余放空。从高压氮塔C1顶部引出高压氮气,经主换热器E1复热至一定温度抽出,进入氮气膨胀机ET膨胀制冷,膨胀后的氮气与从低压氮塔C2抽出的氮气混合进入主换E1复热后作为产品气送至用户。从高压氮塔C1顶部抽出的液氮经过冷后送入储槽。为防止低压氮塔冷凝蒸发器K2中烃类的积聚,从其蒸发侧抽取一小股液体作为废液排放。
当产品氮气压力为3-5barG时,本装置氮气提取率可以做到80%,相比单塔提取率(59%)提升了约21%,能耗相比于单塔流程降低7%。本装置采用双塔精馏,提高了氮气提取率,同时利用高压氮气膨胀制冷方式,克服了传统污氮气反流膨胀制冷双塔流程中制冷量不足的缺点,是一种低能耗制氮流程,适合推广应用。
本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种低能耗氮气膨胀制冷的双塔纯氮制取的装置,其特征在于:所述装置包括依次连接的空气过滤器、原料空气压缩机、预冷机组、分子筛系统纯化、冷箱,所述冷箱中设有换热器、过冷器,高压氮塔和低压氮塔,其中高压氮塔分为塔底和塔顶,低压氮塔分为塔底和塔顶,高、低压氮塔塔底和塔顶之间均设有过冷器,所述换热器与氮气膨胀机相连接,所述低压氮塔顶还设有一连接外部的管道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低能耗氮气膨胀制冷的双塔纯氮制取的装置,其特征在于:所述冷箱为珠光砂隔热冷箱或珠光砂和真空隔热冷箱中的其中一种。
3.一种根据权利要求1或2所述的低能耗氮气膨胀制冷的双塔纯氮制取的装置的使用方法,其特征在于:所述方法如下:
先使用公知技术空气过滤器将空气中的机械杂质进行过滤,然后送入空气压缩机中压缩获得一定的压力并在预冷机组中冷却并分离水分,再经分子筛系统纯化后送入真空冷箱,经过主换热器换热冷凝至饱和压力后送入高压氮塔参与精馏,精馏后在高压氮塔顶部抽出一部分高压氮气和液氮,而塔底部的饱和富氧液空节流后进入高压氮塔冷凝蒸发器的蒸发侧,以冷凝塔顶部的氮气,高压氮塔冷凝蒸发器蒸发侧的富氧液空被塔顶部的氮气加热蒸发为饱和气态,富氧液空及其蒸气被抽出进入低压氮塔参与精馏,精馏后在低压氮塔顶部获得一部分氮气,而塔底部的饱和富氧液空节流后进入低压氮塔冷凝蒸发器的蒸发侧,以冷凝塔顶部的氮气,低压氮塔冷凝蒸发器蒸发侧的富氧液空被塔顶部的氮气加热蒸发为饱和气态,液空蒸气被抽出依次进入过冷器、主换热器冷端,复热为常温后排出冷箱,部分作分子筛的再生气,其余放空,从高压氮塔顶部引出高压氮气,经主换热器复热至一定温度抽出,进入氮气膨胀机膨胀制冷,膨胀后的氮气与从低压氮塔抽出的氮气混合进入主换热器复热后作为产品气送至用户,从高压氮塔顶部抽出的液氮经过冷后送入储槽,为防止低压氮塔冷凝蒸发器中烃类的积聚,从其蒸发侧抽取一小股液体作为废液排放。
4.根据权利要求3所述的低能耗氮气膨胀制冷的双塔纯氮制取的装置的使用方法,其特征在于:所述氮气产品压力为3-5barG时,采用了来自高压塔的氮气进行膨胀制冷从而使得本发明相对于单塔流程装置,可明显降低制氮能耗。
5.根据权利要求3所述的低能耗氮气膨胀制冷的双塔纯氮制取的装置的使用方法,其特征在于:所述氮气产品压力为3-5barG而且需要生产一定液体量时,将珠光砂隔热冷箱变改为珠光砂+真空隔热冷箱,可以大幅度的降低冷损从而实现液体产能的增加,并且保证能耗可明显降低同类制氮装置的产品能耗。
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