CN107270655B - 一种单塔制氮半负荷工况增产液氮制取装置和方法 - Google Patents

一种单塔制氮半负荷工况增产液氮制取装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN107270655B
CN107270655B CN201710662559.4A CN201710662559A CN107270655B CN 107270655 B CN107270655 B CN 107270655B CN 201710662559 A CN201710662559 A CN 201710662559A CN 107270655 B CN107270655 B CN 107270655B
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蔡晖
何森林
杨正军
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Hangzhou Turning Energy Technology Development Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种单塔制氮半负荷工况增产液氮制取装置，包括过滤器、透平空气压缩机、空气预冷机组、交替使用的分子筛吸附器、电加热器、主换热器、精馏塔、冷凝蒸发器、过冷器、透平膨胀机、增液膨胀机、冷箱。本发明还公开了一种单塔制氮半负荷工况增产液氮制取方法。根据用户实际需要，在产品氮气用量为正常量一半或减量时，通过引出一股空气进入增液膨胀机膨胀，来增加液氮产量，与常规方法相比可增加25％‑35％的液氮产量。

Description

一种单塔制氮半负荷工况增产液氮制取装置和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及空气分离技术领域，具体涉及一种单塔制氮半负荷工况增产液氮制取装置和方法。
背景技术
随着电子、瓷业、浮法玻璃等行业的蓬勃发展，对氮气的需求也不断增加。很多用户在制氮设备使用过程中，白天主要是以氮气为主，而夜间氮气使用量会减半，而往往白天电费又较高，一般的做法是夜间装置半负荷运行，在保证夜间氮气用量的前提下将部分氮气转化为液氮储存起来。为此，如何增加夜间液氮的产出量，提高纯氮设备的利用率，成为减少能耗的关键。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种单塔制氮半负荷工况增产液氮制取装置和方法，以解决现有技术的不足。
本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种单塔制氮半负荷工况增产液氮制取装置，包括过滤器、透平空气压缩机、空气预冷机组、交替使用的分子筛吸附器、电加热器、主换热器、精馏塔、冷凝蒸发器、过冷器、透平膨胀机、增液膨胀机、冷箱，过滤器、透平空气压缩机、空气预冷机组、交替使用的分子筛吸附器、电加热器设于冷箱外，主换热器、精馏塔、冷凝蒸发器、过冷器、透平膨胀机、增液膨胀机设于冷箱内，冷凝蒸发器设于精馏塔顶部；
过滤器、透平空气压缩机、空气预冷机组、交替使用的分子筛吸附器、主换热器依次连接；
主换热器的原料空气部分冷却出口和增液膨胀机连接，增液膨胀机和主换热器连接，主换热器和透平空气压缩机连接；满负荷工况时，该连接管路断开，半负荷工况时，该连接管路接通；
主换热器的原料空气冷却出口和精馏塔底部的原料空气进口连接，精馏塔底部的液空出口和过冷器连接，过冷器和精馏塔顶部连接，其中，过冷器和精馏塔顶部连接管路上设有节流阀；精馏塔顶部的带压氮气出口分别和主换热器、冷凝蒸发器连接，主换热器连接外部管道以提供氮气产品，冷凝蒸发器的液氮出口分别和精馏塔、冷箱外液氮产品存储罐连接；精馏塔顶部的污氮气出口和过冷器连接，过冷器和主换热器连接，主换热器的污氮气部分复热出口和透平膨胀机连接，透平膨胀机再和过冷器连接，过冷器和主换热器连接，主换热器分别和电加热器、外部放空管道连接，电加热器和交替使用的分子筛吸附器连接。
一种单塔制氮半负荷工况增产液氮制取方法，分为满负荷工况和半负荷工况，
满负荷工况制取包括如下步骤：
步骤一、将原料空气经过滤器过滤掉灰尘和机械杂质后，进入透平空气压缩机将空气压缩到设定压力；之后经空气预冷机组预冷后进入交替使用的分子筛吸附器中纯化；
步骤二、将纯化后的原料空气部分用于仪表空气，其余部分进入主换热器冷却至饱和并带有一定含湿后进入精馏塔底部精馏分离为液空和带压氮气；
步骤三、液空经过冷器过冷、节流阀节流后进入精馏塔顶部，作为冷凝蒸发器冷源；带压氮气部分抽出经主换热器复热后出冷箱作为氮气产品，其余引入冷凝蒸发器作为热源；
步骤四、液空和带压氮气换热，带压氮气被液空液化为液氮，部分液氮引出冷箱作为液氮产品，其余引入精馏塔作为回流液；液空被带压氮气蒸发为污氮气，经过冷器复热及主换热器部分复热后抽出进入透平膨胀机膨胀制冷，膨胀后污氮气再经过过冷器、主换热器复热后，一部分由电加热器加热后引入交替使用的分子筛吸附器作为再生气，其余部分放空；
半负荷工况制取包括如下步骤：
步骤一、将原料空气经过滤器过滤掉灰尘和机械杂质后，进入透平空气压缩机将空气压缩到设定压力；之后经空气预冷机组预冷后进入交替使用的分子筛吸附器中纯化；
步骤二、将纯化后的原料空气部分用于仪表空气，其余部分进入主换热器；进入主换热器的原料空气一部分进行部分冷却，再进入增液膨胀机进行膨胀制冷，膨胀后由主换热器复热后作为循环空气进入到透平空气压缩机；进入主换热器的原料空气其余部分冷却至饱和并带有一定含湿后进入精馏塔底部精馏分离为液空和带压氮气；
步骤三、液空经过冷器过冷、节流阀节流后进入精馏塔顶部，作为冷凝蒸发器冷源；带压氮气部分抽出经主换热器复热后出冷箱作为氮气产品，其余引入冷凝蒸发器作为热源；
步骤四、液空和带压氮气换热，带压氮气被液空液化为液氮，部分液氮引出冷箱作为液氮产品，其余引入精馏塔作为回流液；液空被带压氮气蒸发为污氮气，经过冷器复热及主换热器部分复热后抽出进入透平膨胀机膨胀制冷，膨胀后污氮气再经过过冷器、主换热器复热后，一部分由电加热器加热后引入交替使用的分子筛吸附器作为再生气，其余部分放空。
本发明的有益效果：
1、根据用户实际需要，在产品氮气用量为正常量一半或减量时，通过引出一股空气进入增液膨胀机膨胀，来增加液氮产量，与常规方法相比可增加25％-35％的液氮产量。
2、因通常情况下，夜间温度低，电价也低，通过该工艺可以以更低的成本产出最大的液氮产品，大大降低了装置能耗及用户的生产成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明装置示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做更进一步地解释。下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，但并不用来限定本发明的实施范围。
一种单塔制氮半负荷工况增产液氮制取装置，如图1所示，包括过滤器1、透平空气压缩机2、空气预冷机组3、交替使用的分子筛吸附器4、电加热器12、主换热器5、精馏塔6、冷凝蒸发器9、过冷器7、透平膨胀机10、增液膨胀机11、冷箱13，过滤器1、透平空气压缩机2、空气预冷机组3、交替使用的分子筛吸附器4、电加热器12设于冷箱13外，主换热器5、精馏塔6、冷凝蒸发器9、过冷器7、透平膨胀机10、增液膨胀机11设于冷箱13内，冷凝蒸发器9设于精馏塔6顶部；
过滤器1、透平空气压缩机2、空气预冷机组3、交替使用的分子筛吸附器4、主换热器5依次连接；
主换热器5的原料空气部分冷却出口和增液膨胀机11连接，增液膨胀机11和主换热器5连接，主换热器5和透平空气压缩机2连接；满负荷工况时，该连接管路断开，半负荷工况时，该连接管路接通；
主换热器5的原料空气冷却出口和精馏塔6底部的原料空气进口连接，精馏塔6底部的液空出口和过冷器7连接，过冷器7和精馏塔6顶部连接，其中，过冷器7和精馏塔6顶部连接管路上设有节流阀8；精馏塔6顶部的带压氮气出口分别和主换热器5、冷凝蒸发器9连接，主换热器5连接外部管道以提供氮气产品，冷凝蒸发器9的液氮出口分别和精馏塔6、冷箱13外液氮产品存储罐连接；精馏塔6顶部的污氮气出口和过冷器7连接，过冷器7和主换热器5连接，主换热器5的污氮气部分复热出口和透平膨胀机10连接，透平膨胀机10再和过冷器7连接，过冷器7和主换热器5连接，主换热器5分别和电加热器12、外部放空管道连接，电加热器12和交替使用的分子筛吸附器4连接。
上述各部件的功能如下：
过滤器1，用于过滤原料空气中的灰尘和机械杂质；
透平空气压缩机2，用于将过滤后的原料空气压缩到设定压力；
空气预冷机组3，用于将过滤、压缩后的原料空气预冷；
交替使用的分子筛吸附器4，用于将过滤、压缩、预冷后的原料空气纯化，水分、CO2、C2H2等物质被分子筛吸附而去除；
电加热器12，用于加热污氮气以再生分子筛吸附器；
主换热器5，用于将过滤、压缩、预冷、纯化后的原料空气部分冷却和冷却；用于将带压氮气复热；用于将污氮气部分复热和复热；用于将增液膨胀机11膨胀后的原料空气复热；
精馏塔6，用于将经过滤、压缩、预冷、纯化、冷却后的原料空气精馏分离为液空和带压氮气；
冷凝蒸发器9，用于液空和带压氮气换热，带压氮气被液空液化为液氮，液空被带压氮气蒸发为污氮气；
过冷器7，用于液空过冷，污氮气复热；
透平膨胀机10，用于将污氮气膨胀制取冷箱13必需冷量
增液膨胀机11，用于将部分冷却的原料空气膨胀制取冷箱13冷量，以提高液氮产量。
一种单塔制氮半负荷工况增产液氮制取方法，分为满负荷工况和半负荷工况，
满负荷工况制取包括如下步骤：
步骤一、将原料空气经过滤器1过滤掉灰尘和机械杂质后，进入透平空气压缩机2将空气压缩到约0.5-1.0MPaA；之后经空气预冷机组3预冷至5-8℃后进入交替使用的分子筛吸附器4中纯化，将水分、CO2、C2H2等物质去除；
步骤二、将纯化后的原料空气部分用于仪表空气(图中未表示出)，其余部分进入主换热器5冷却至饱和并带有一定含湿后进入精馏塔6底部精馏分离为液空和带压氮气；
步骤三、液空经过冷器7过冷、节流阀8节流后进入精馏塔6顶部，作为冷凝蒸发器9冷源；带压氮气部分抽出经主换热器5复热后出冷箱13作为氮气产品，其余引入冷凝蒸发器9作为热源；
步骤四、液空和带压氮气换热，带压氮气被液空液化为液氮，部分液氮引出冷箱13作为液氮产品，其余引入精馏塔6作为回流液；液空被带压氮气蒸发为污氮气，经过冷器7复热及主换热器5部分复热后抽出进入透平膨胀机10膨胀制冷，膨胀后污氮气再经过过冷器7、主换热器5复热后，一部分由电加热器12加热后引入交替使用的分子筛吸附器4作为再生气，其余部分放空；
半负荷工况制取包括如下步骤：
步骤一、将原料空气经过滤器1过滤掉灰尘和机械杂质后，进入透平空气压缩机2将空气压缩到约0.5-1.0MPaA；之后经空气预冷机组3预冷至5-8℃后进入交替使用的分子筛吸附器4中纯化，将水分、CO2、C2H2等物质去除；
步骤二、将纯化后的原料空气部分用于仪表空气(图中未表示出)，其余部分进入主换热器5；进入主换热器5的原料空气一部分进行部分冷却，再进入增液膨胀机11进行膨胀制冷，膨胀后由主换热器5复热后作为循环空气进入到透平空气压缩机2；进入主换热器5的原料空气其余部分冷却至饱和并带有一定含湿后进入精馏塔6底部精馏分离为液空和带压氮气；
步骤三、液空经过冷器7过冷、节流阀8节流后进入精馏塔6顶部，作为冷凝蒸发器9冷源；带压氮气部分抽出经主换热器5复热后出冷箱13作为氮气产品，其余引入冷凝蒸发器9作为热源；
步骤四、液空和带压氮气换热，带压氮气被液空液化为液氮，部分液氮引出冷箱13作为液氮产品，其余引入精馏塔6作为回流液；液空被带压氮气蒸发为污氮气，经过冷器7复热及主换热5器部分复热后抽出进入透平膨胀机10膨胀制冷，膨胀后污氮气再经过过冷器7、主换热器5复热后，一部分由电加热器12加热后引入交替使用的分子筛吸附器4作为再生气，其余部分放空。

Claims (1)

1.一种单塔制氮半负荷工况增产液氮制取方法，其特征在于，分为满负荷工况和半负荷工况，
满负荷工况制取包括如下步骤：
步骤一、将原料空气经过滤器过滤掉灰尘和机械杂质后，进入透平空气压缩机将空气压缩到设定压力；之后经空气预冷机组预冷后进入交替使用的分子筛吸附器中纯化；
步骤二、将纯化后的原料空气部分用于仪表空气，其余部分进入主换热器冷却至饱和并带有一定含湿后进入精馏塔底部精馏分离为液空和带压氮气；
步骤三、液空经过冷器过冷、节流阀节流后进入精馏塔顶部，作为冷凝蒸发器冷源；带压氮气部分抽出经主换热器复热后出冷箱作为氮气产品，其余引入冷凝蒸发器作为热源；
步骤四、液空和带压氮气换热，带压氮气被液空液化为液氮，部分液氮引出冷箱作为液氮产品，其余引入精馏塔作为回流液；液空被带压氮气蒸发为污氮气，经过冷器复热及主换热器部分复热后抽出进入透平膨胀机膨胀制冷，膨胀后污氮气再经过过冷器、主换热器复热后，一部分由电加热器加热后引入交替使用的分子筛吸附器作为再生气，其余部分放空；
半负荷工况制取包括如下步骤：
步骤一、将原料空气经过滤器过滤掉灰尘和机械杂质后，进入透平空气压缩机将空气压缩到设定压力；之后经空气预冷机组预冷后进入交替使用的分子筛吸附器中纯化；
步骤二、将纯化后的原料空气部分用于仪表空气，其余部分进入主换热器；进入主换热器的原料空气一部分进行部分冷却，再进入增液膨胀机进行膨胀制冷，膨胀后由主换热器复热后作为循环空气进入到透平空气压缩机；进入主换热器的原料空气其余部分冷却至饱和并带有一定含湿后进入精馏塔底部精馏分离为液空和带压氮气；
步骤三、液空经过冷器过冷、节流阀节流后进入精馏塔顶部，作为冷凝蒸发器冷源；带压氮气部分抽出经主换热器复热后出冷箱作为氮气产品，其余引入冷凝蒸发器作为热源；
步骤四、液空和带压氮气换热，带压氮气被液空液化为液氮，部分液氮引出冷箱作为液氮产品，其余引入精馏塔作为回流液；液空被带压氮气蒸发为污氮气，经过冷器复热及主换热器部分复热后抽出进入透平膨胀机膨胀制冷，膨胀后污氮气再经过过冷器、主换热器复热后，一部分由电加热器加热后引入交替使用的分子筛吸附器作为再生气，其余部分放空。
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