CN111811211A - 一种带冷冻机组单塔的制氮装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种带冷冻机组单塔的制氮装置及方法 Download PDF

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CN111811211A
CN111811211A CN202010646250.8A CN202010646250A CN111811211A CN 111811211 A CN111811211 A CN 111811211A CN 202010646250 A CN202010646250 A CN 202010646250A CN 111811211 A CN111811211 A CN 111811211A
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air
nitrogen
heat exchanger
main heat
enters
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周涛
罗明辉
任力飞
周杰
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HANGZHOU HANGYANG CRYOGENIC LIQUEFY EQUIPMENT CO LTD
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Abstract

一种带冷冻机组单塔的制氮装置及方法，包括自洁式空气滤清器，透平空气压缩机，空气预冷机组，分子筛纯化器组，高温透平膨胀机，冷却器，主换热器，冷冻机组，精馏塔，冷凝蒸发器，低温透平膨胀机，过冷器，电加热器；还包括制氮气、液氮方法。本发明通过冷冻机组降低膨胀机进口端的温度，提高主换热器的换热性能，保证进入精馏塔的确保精馏塔空气分离的效果与冷凝蒸发器液氮生产的效率到达预设要求。

Description

一种带冷冻机组单塔的制氮装置及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种带冷冻机组单塔的制氮装置及方法，属于空分装置技术领域。
背景技术
氮气产品在工业生产制造中发挥着重要作用，随着社会的发展，氮气与液氮产品的需求量也在追加加大，如何提高氮气与液氮产品的生产效率尤为重要。原料空气在精馏塔低温分离获得高浓度氮气再进行冷凝可以得到液氮产品，但是当进入精馏塔的原料空气温度达不到空气液化测程度时候（或者空气液化程度低），导致氮气、液氮产量达不到预定要求，造成装置工作效率低下。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的存在的不足之处，提供一种带冷冻机组单塔的制氮装置及方法，确保进入精馏塔的空气温度降低到预设要求，提高装置制氮气、液氮的工作效率。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术方案来完成的，一种带冷冻机组单塔的制氮装置，包括通过管道依次连接的自洁式空气滤清器、透平空气压缩机、预冷机组、分子筛纯化器组，高温膨胀机组、冷却器、主换热器、冷冻机组、精馏塔、冷凝蒸发器、过冷器、低温膨胀机、电加热器。
其中燃料空气通过自洁式空气滤清器过滤大颗粒杂质之后进去透平空气压缩机，透平空气压缩机将空气进行增压后送入预冷机组，空气预冷之后进入分子筛纯化器组，吸附空气中的空气中的水分，CO2、C2H2等有害杂质，然后进入高温膨胀机的增压端对其增压，出口管路中的冷却器对增压后的空气进行冷却后进入主换热器，主换热器与冷冻机组连接，空气冷冻后的空气又进入主换热器，其中空气在主换热器中分为两路，一路进入高温膨胀机膨胀端膨胀降温后穿过主换热器到达空气压缩机入口端；另一路到达精馏塔下部进行空气分离，精馏塔顶部有一输出管道，高浓度氮气输出后分为两路，一路流经主换热器对外供应，一路到达冷凝蒸发器进行冷凝，同时精馏塔底部有一输出管路，将低温富氧液空送入冷凝蒸发器，作为氮气冷凝的冷源，冷凝蒸发器的底部有一出口管路，液氮流出后分为两路，一路经过过冷器冷却后对外供应，另一路从精馏塔上部流入塔底；
其中所述冷凝蒸发器上端有一出口管路，冷凝蒸发器上部的污氮气从管路流出进入主换热器到达低温膨胀机膨胀端，低温膨胀后的污氮气先后进入过冷器与主换热器后分为两路，一路对外放空，一路进入电加热器升温后进入分子筛纯化器组。
其中分子筛纯化器组包括分子筛纯化器1与分子筛纯化器2,分子筛纯化器1与分子筛纯化器2轮流交替工作。
利用本发明装置制氮方法为：
原料空气通过所述自洁式空气滤清器过滤后进入所述空气压缩机进行增压，增压后压力为0.89MPa，进入所述预冷机组进行预冷，预冷后温度由313K降至283K，遇冷后的空气到达所述分子筛纯化器组，吸附空气中的水分，CO2、C2H2等有害杂质，然后进入高温膨胀机增压端进行增压，增压后压力达到1.0MPa，经冷却器冷却进入主换热器，然后进入冷冻机组降温，再进入主换热器，在出口端空气被分成两路，一路从主换热器出来后进入高温膨胀机（进口温度146K），膨胀降温后进入主换热器进行换热，最后流入透平空气压缩机进口端，反复循环；另一路从主换热器出来后进入精馏塔进行空气分离，精馏塔顶部获得高浓度氮气，一部分经过所述主换热器升温后直接对外供应成品氮气，另一部分到达所述冷凝蒸发器，同时精馏塔底部低温富氧液空被送入冷凝蒸发器，作为氮气冷凝的冷源，产生的液氮从冷凝蒸发器下端的出口流出后分为两路，一路进入过冷器，然后对外供应成品液氮，一路进入精馏塔上部流入塔底进行精馏。
其中所述冷凝蒸发器上端有一出口管路，冷凝蒸发器上部的污氮气从管路流出进入主换热器到达低温膨胀机膨胀端（进口温度113K），低温膨胀后先后进入过冷器与主换热器后分为两路，一路对外放空，一路进入电加热器升温后进入分子筛纯化器组。
本发明具有装置简单,使用方便，制氮效果好等特点。
附图说明
图1是本发明的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明作详细的介绍：图1所示，一种带冷冻机组单塔的制氮装置，它包括空气滤清器AF通过管道01将过滤后的空气送入透平空气压缩机TC，透平空气压缩机TC对空气加压后经管道02送入预冷机组RU，遇冷后经管道03送入分子筛纯化器组MS将空气中的空气中的水分，CO2、C2H2等有害杂质吸附后，经管道04进入高温膨胀机ET1增压端进行增压，增压后经管道05中的冷却器WE冷却送入主换热器E1，经管道06到达冷冻机组YU，冷冻后空气经管道07再次进入主换热器E1后分为两路，一路通过管道08进入高温膨胀机ET1膨胀端，膨胀制冷后经管道09进入主换热器进行复热后到达透平空气压缩机TC进口端的01管道；另一路通过管道11进入精馏塔C1下部进行空气分离，精馏塔C1顶部获得高纯度氮气从管路12输出后分为两路，一路经管道14到达主换热器E1复热后从管道15对外供应成品氮气，一路经管道13将氮气送入冷凝蒸发器K1，同时，管道16将精馏塔C1下部的富氧液空送入冷凝蒸发器K1作为氮气冷凝的冷源，冷凝得到的液氮从管道17输出后分为两路，一路经管道18流入精馏塔C1上部留下，参与精馏，另一路经管道19进入过冷器E2过冷后对外供应成品液氮 。
其中冷凝蒸发器K1上部有一出口管道21，污氮气从该管道进入主换热器E1复热经管道21进入低温膨胀机ET2，膨胀制冷后再经管道22进入过冷器E2进行热交换后又经管道23进入主换热器E1进行复热，复热后的污氮气分为两路，一路经管道24对外放空，一路经管道25进入电加热器EH，加热后又经管道26进入分子筛纯化器组MS作为再生气体。
其中分子筛纯化器组MS包括分子筛纯化器MS1与分子筛纯化器MS2,分子筛纯化器MS1与分子筛纯化器MS2轮流交替工作。
一种带冷冻机组单塔的制氮方法，原料空气通过所述自洁式空气滤清器AF过滤后进入所述空气压缩机TC进行增压，增压后压力达到0.89MPa，进入所述预冷机组RU进行预冷，预冷后温度由313K降至283K，遇冷后的空气到达所述分子筛纯化器组MS，吸附空气中的水分，CO2、C2H2等有害杂质，然后进入高温膨胀机ET1增压端进行增压，增压后压力达到1.0MPa，经冷却器冷却进入主换热器E1，然后进入冷冻机组YU降温，再进入主换热器E1，在出口端空气被分成两路，一路从主换热器E1出来后进入高温膨胀机ET1（进口温度146K），膨胀降温后温度为89K,进入主换热器E1进行复热后温度为311K，最后流入空气压缩机TC进口端，反复循环；另一路从主换热器E1出来后温度为105K,进入精馏塔C1进行空气分离，精馏塔C1顶部获得高浓度氮气，一部分经过所述主换热器E1升温后直接对外供应成品氮气，另一部分到达所述冷凝蒸发器K1，同时精馏塔C1底部富氧液空被送入冷凝蒸发器K1，作为氮气冷凝的冷源，产生的液氮从冷凝蒸发器K1下端的出口流出后分为两路，一路进入过冷器E2，然后对外供应成品液氮，一路进入精馏塔C1上部流入塔底。
其中所述冷凝蒸发器(K1)上端有一出口管路，冷凝蒸发器K1上部的污氮气从管路流出进入主换热器E1到达低温膨胀机ET2膨胀端（进口温度113K），低温膨胀后先后进入过冷器E2与主换热器E1后分为两路，一路对外放空，一路进入电加热器EH升温后进入分子筛纯化器组MS。
本发明通过冷冻机组降低膨胀机进口端的温度，提高主换热器的换热性能，保证进入精馏塔的确保精馏塔空气分离的效果与冷凝蒸发器液氮生产的效率到达预设要求。

Claims (2)

1.一种带冷冻机组单塔的制氮装置,主要包括自洁式空气滤清器（AF），透平空气压缩机（TC），预冷机组（RU）,分子筛纯化器组（MS），高温膨胀机组（ET1），冷却器（WE），主换热器（E1），冷冻机组（YU），精馏塔（C1），冷凝蒸发器（K1），过冷器（E2），低温膨胀机（ET2），电加热器（EH）,其特征在于：所述空气滤清器（AF）通过管道与所述透平空气压缩(TC)机连接，将空气过滤后对其进行增压；所述预冷机组(RU)与透平空气压缩机(TC)连接，增压后的空气进入预冷机组预冷；所述分子筛纯化器组(MS)与预冷机组(RU)连接，吸附空气中水分，CO2、C2H2有害杂质；所述高温膨胀机(ET1)的膨胀端与分子筛纯化器组(MS)连接，高温膨胀机(ET1)膨胀端与所述主换热器(E1)连接，将燃料空气送入所述主换热器(E1)，主换热器(E1)与所述冷冻机组(YU)连接，冷冻后的空气进入主换热器(E1)，空气在主换热器(E1)中分为两路，一路进入高温膨胀机(ET1)膨胀端膨胀降温后穿过主换热器(E1)到达空气压缩机(TC)入口端；另一路到达精馏塔（C1）下部进行空气分离，精馏塔(C1)顶部有一输出管道，高浓度氮气输出后分为两路，一路流经主换热器(E1)对外供应，一路到达冷凝蒸发器(K1)进行冷凝，同时精馏塔(C1)底部有一输出管路，将低温富氧液空送入冷凝蒸发器(K1)，作为氮气冷凝的冷源，冷凝蒸发器(K1)的底部有一出口管路，液氮流出后分为两路，一路经过过冷器(E2)冷却后对外供应，另一路从精馏塔(C1)上部流下；
其中所述冷凝蒸发器（K1）上端有一出口管路，冷凝蒸发器(K1)上部的污氮气从管路流出进入主换热器(E1)到达低温膨胀机(ET2)膨胀端，低温膨胀后的污氮气先后进入过冷器(E2)与主换热器(E1)后分为两路，一路对外放空，一路进入电加热器(EH)升温后进入分子筛纯化器组(MS)。
2.一种利用权利要求1所述的带冷冻机组单塔的制氮装置制作氮气和液氮的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：将原料空气通过所述自洁式空气滤清器(AF)过滤后进入所述空气压缩机(TC)进行增压，增压后压力为0.89MPa，进入所述预冷机组(RU)进行预冷，预冷后温度由313K降至283K，遇冷后的空气到达所述分子筛纯化器组(MS)，将空气中的水分，CO2、C2H2等有害杂质吸附，然后进入高温膨胀机(ET1)增压端进行增压，增压后压力达到1.0MPa，经冷却器冷却进入主换热器(E1)，然后进入冷冻机组(YU)降温，再进入主换热器(E1)，在出口端空气被分成两路，一路从主换热器(E1)出来后进入高温膨胀机(ET1)（进口温度146K），膨胀降温后进入主换热器(E1)进行换热，最后流入空气压缩机(TC)进口端，反复循环；另一路从主换热器(E1)出来后进入精馏塔(C1)进行空气分离，精馏塔(C1)顶部获得高浓度氮气，一部分经过所述主换热器(E1)升温后直接对外供应成品氮气，另一部分到达所述冷凝蒸发器(K1)，同时精馏塔(C1)底部富氧液空被送入冷凝蒸发器(K1)，作为氮气冷凝的冷源，产生的液氮从冷凝蒸发器(K1)下端的出口流出后分为两路，一路进入过冷器(E2)，然后对外供应成品液氮，一路进入精馏塔(C1)上部流入塔底,其中所述冷凝蒸发器(K1)上端有一出口管路，冷凝蒸发器(K1)上部的污氮气从管路流出进入主换热器(E1)到达低温膨胀机(ET2)膨胀端（进口温度113K），低温膨胀后先后进入过冷器(E2)与主换热器(E1)后分为两路，一路对外放空，一路进入电加热器(EH)升温后进入分子筛纯化器组(MS)。
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