CN112229143A - 一种通过低温精馏分离空气来生产氧气及氮气的装置及方法 - Google Patents
一种通过低温精馏分离空气来生产氧气及氮气的装置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005477 standard model Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种通过低温精馏分离空气来生产氧气及氮气的装置，它包括依次连接的原料空气压缩机、预冷系统、纯化系统、中压空气增压机、低压空气增压机、空分冷箱、氧气增压机。本发明通过设计合适的增压机排压，匹配一定压力的氧气和氮气，再通过氧气增压机进一步增压至所需压力。此工艺方法可降低冷箱系统的设计压力，增压机的排压降低，运行稳定性提高。同时工艺中可根据需要设置多台膨胀机制冷，液体量具有较宽的调节范围，具有灵活性高，成本低，经济性好等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种通过低温精馏分离空气来生产氧气及氮气的装置，主要适用于生产氧气和氮气的装置和方法，属于低温空气分离技术领域。
背景技术
在钢铁、化工行业经常需要用到1.0MPaG和3.0MPaG甚至更高压力等级的氧气。在传统的空分工艺中，该氧气产品一般是通过液氧泵内压缩工艺流程制取，或者是通过外压缩工艺流程通过氧气压缩机制取。
对于全内压缩工艺流程，增压机末级排气压力取决于所需氧气产品的压力，比较常见的压力~6.0MPaG，通常需要4-5级压缩，甚至更高的级数。此方法冷箱系统的设计压力较高，板式换热器、阀门、管道等设备成本均较高。在实际运行中，如果下游用气参数偏离设计点，增压机的运行效率也将偏离最佳效率点，导致运行效率下降运行能耗增加。对于全外压缩流程，由于液体产量受到限制，经济性也随之下降。本发明旨在改善现有技术，通过内外压缩结合的方式生产不同压力等级的氧气及氮气产品，具有灵活性高，经济性好，成本低等优点。
发明内容
本发明为了客服现有技术的不足，通过内外压缩结合的方式生产不同压力等级的氧气及氮气产品，具有灵活性高，经济性好，成本低等优点。
一种通过低温精馏分离空气来生产氧气及氮气的装置，它包括依次连接的原料空气压缩机、预冷系统、纯化系统；中压空气增压机、低压空气增压机、空分冷箱、氧气增压机，所述预冷系统由左右两个并排布置的空冷塔和水冷塔组成，经原料空气压缩机压缩后的空气进入空冷塔，先用常温水加以冷却清洗，再经过冷冻水泵的冷冻水进一步冷却后送入纯化系统。该冷冻水是通过循环水在水冷塔由干燥污氮气吸湿而降温，然后经过冷水机组冷却而得到。经空气预冷系统预冷后的工艺空气随后进入分子筛纯化系统，并在其中除去水、二氧化碳等杂质。所述的分子筛纯化系统中的吸附器由两台吸附器组成，当一台运行时，另一台则由来自冷箱的污氮气通过再生加热器加热后进行再生。经过净化后的空气，与后方的中压空气增压机和低压空气增压机连接，并分别通过不同的管道以及膨胀机组流入至空分冷箱中，通过空分冷箱处理后最终产生中压或高压氧气、中压氮气、低压氧气、低压氮气及液氩、液氮、液氧。
作为优选：所述空分冷箱中分别设有依次连接的空分塔、粗氩塔、精氩塔，其中空分塔中从上至下依次分别为上塔、主冷凝蒸发器、下塔，所述粗氩塔顶部设有粗氩冷凝器，底部通过循环氧泵连接至上塔，所述精氩塔的顶部设有精氩冷凝器，底部设有精氩蒸发器。
作为优选：所述膨胀机组由气体膨胀机和液体膨胀机组成。
一种通过低温精馏分离空气来生产氧气及氮气的方法为：
步骤1：空气在原料空气压缩机中被压缩到第一压力，该压缩空气通过预冷系统被冷却到通常介于10~20℃之间的范围内，冷却后的空气在纯化系统中，被除去水，二氧化碳和部分碳氢化合物等杂质得到洁净的空气，在该第一压力下被冷却和净化的空气分成至少三部分：
1）第一部分空气在所述的主板式换热器中冷却并被传送至在第一压力下操作的精馏塔的下塔；
2）第二部分空气在所述的中压空气压缩机中增压至第二压力，该第二压力的空气流至少分成两部分；第一部分中压空气流在所述的主板式换热器中冷却，与返流的低压液氧、中压液氮换热液化后，通过液体膨胀机，或者高压液体节流阀后，被传送至精馏塔的下塔和上塔；第二部分中压空气流在气体膨胀机增压端中被压缩至第三压力，冷却后送至所述的主板式换热器中冷却至第一温度后，送到气体膨胀机中膨胀至在第一压力下操作的精馏塔的下塔；
3）第三部分空气在所述的低压空气压缩机中增压至第四压力，该低压空气流在所述的主板式换热器中冷却，与返流的低压液氮换热液化后，通过低压液体节流阀后，被传送至精馏塔的下塔和上塔。
步骤2：从主空分冷箱的精馏塔的上塔底部抽出液氧产品，经低压液氧泵增压至一定压力后送入主板式换热器，与所述的中压空气增压机后的一定压力的中压空气进行匹配换热，复热后的氧气一部分作为低压氧气产品送出；另一部分再根据需求进入氧气增压机增压，得到所需的中压或高压氧气产品送出。
步骤3：从主空分冷箱的精馏塔的下塔顶部抽出液氮产品，一部分经中压液氮泵增压至一定压力后送入主板式换热器，与所述的中压空气增压机后的一定压力的空气进行匹配换热，复热后作为中压氮气产品送出供给管网；另一部分通过低压液氮泵内压缩增压后，在主板式换热器中和来自低压空气增压机的低压空气流进行热交换而气化并且作为低压氮气产品送出，不需要设置额外的低压氮气增压机。
作为优选：所述步骤1中第二压力比第一压力高2.0~2.5Mpa，第三压力比第一压力高3.0~4.0Mpa，所述的第一温度为193K~163K。
作为优选：所述第一温度为173K。
作为优选：所述低压空气增压机可单独设置或与中压空气增压机组合成一体机使用。
本发明通过设计合适的增压机排压，匹配一定压力的氧气和氮气，再通过氧气增压机进一步增压至所需压力。此工艺方法可降低冷箱系统的设计压力，增压机的排压降低，运行稳定性提高。同时工艺中可根据需要设置多台膨胀机制冷，液体量具有较宽的调节范围，具有灵活性高，成本低，经济性好等优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明作详细的介绍，如图1所示一种通过低温精馏分离空气来生产氧气及氮气的装置，它包括依次连接的原料空气压缩机1、预冷系统2、纯化系统3、中压空气增压机4A、低压空气增压机4B、空分冷箱5、氧气增压机6，其特征在于所述预冷系统2由左右两个并排布置的空冷塔40和水冷塔41组成，经原料空气压缩机压缩后的空气进入空冷塔，先用常温水加以冷却清洗，再经过冷冻水泵43的冷冻水进一步冷却后送入纯化系统。该冷冻水是通过循环水在水冷塔由干燥污氮气吸湿而降温，然后经过冷水机组42冷却而得到。经空气预冷系统预冷后的工艺空气随后进入分子筛纯化系统，并在其中除去水、二氧化碳等杂质。所述的分子筛纯化系统3中的吸附器由两台吸附器组成，当一台运行时，另一台则由来自冷箱的污氮气通过再生加热器加热后进行再生。经过吸附器净化后的空气，与后方的中压空气增压机4A和低压空气增压机4B连接，并分别通过不同的管道以及膨胀机组流入至空分冷箱5中，通过空分冷箱5处理后最终产生中压或高压氧气、中压氮气、低压氧气、低压氮气及液氩、液氮、液氧。所述空分冷箱5中分别设有依次连接的空分塔21、粗氩塔22、精氩塔23，其中空分塔中从上至下依次分别为上塔34、主冷凝蒸发器32、下塔35，所述粗氩塔22顶部设有粗氩冷凝器33，底部通过循环氧泵连接至上塔，所述精氩塔23的顶部设有精氩冷凝器36，底部设有精氩蒸发器37，所述膨胀机组由气体膨胀机8和液体膨胀机9组成，并且设有中压氮泵12和低压氮泵13、低压氧泵14。
一种通过低温精馏分离空气来生产氧气及氮气的方法为：
步骤1：空气在原料空气压缩机中被压缩，该压缩空气通过预冷系统被冷却到通常介于10~20℃之间的范围内，冷却后的空气在纯化系统中，被除去水，二氧化碳和部分碳氢化合物等杂质得到洁净的空气，再通过生加热器将空气压缩到第一压力，在该第一压力下被冷却和净化的空气分成至少三部分：
1）第一部分空气在所述的主板式换热器7中冷却并被传送至在第一压力下操作的精馏塔的下塔；
2）第二部分空气在所述的中压空气压缩机4A中增压至第二压力，该第二压力的空气流至少分成两部分；第一部分中压空气流在所述的主板式换热器7中冷却，与返流的低压液氧、中压液氮换热液化后，通过液体膨胀机9，或者高压液体节流阀10后，被传送至精馏塔的下塔和上塔；第二部分中压空气流在气体膨胀机增压端8中被压缩至第三压力，冷却后送至所述的主板式换热器7中冷却至第一温度后，送到气体膨胀机8中膨胀至在第一压力下操作的精馏塔的下塔；
3）第三部分空气在所述的低压空气压缩机4B中增压至第四压力，该低压空气流在所述的主板式换热器7中冷却，与返流的低压液氮换热液化后，通过低压液体节流阀（11）后，被传送至在第一压力下操作的精馏塔的下塔和上塔。
步骤2：从主空分冷箱的精馏塔的上塔底部抽出液氧产品，经低压液氧泵14增压至一定压力后送入主板式换热器7，与所述的中压空气增压机4A后的一定压力的中压空气进行匹配换热，复热后的氧气一部分作为低压氧气产品送出；另一部分再根据需求进入氧气增压机增压，得到所需的中压或高压氧气产品送出。
步骤3：从主空分冷箱的精馏塔的下塔顶部抽出液氮产品，一部分经中压液氮泵12增压至一定压力后送入主板式换热器7，与所述的中压空气增压机4A后的一定压力的空气进行匹配换热，复热后作为中压氮气产品送出供给管网；另一部分通过低压液氮泵13内压缩增压后，在主板式换热器7中和来自低压空气增压机4B的低压空气流进行热交换而气化并且作为低压氮气产品送出，不需要设置额外的低压氮气增压机。所述步骤1中第二压力比第一压力高2.0~2.5Mpa，第三压力比第一压力高3.0~4.0Mpa，所述的第一温度为193K~163K，所述优选第一温度为173K，所述低压空气增压机4B可单独设置或与中压空气增压机4A组合成一体机使用，其中低压空气增压机单独设置，选用标准机型，成熟可靠，同时不影响中压空气增压机的运行。
该方法中的中压空气增压机4A的排压比传统内压缩流程中的增压机排压显著降低，由于同时生产内压缩氮气产品，使得该中压空气增压机流量增加，该增压机的性能和效率明显提升。并且该增压机的标准化程度较高，可共享关键备件，减少投资成本，并且该方法设置氧气增压机6，通过部分增压低压氧气，能同时生产中压或高压氧气，当中压或高压氧气用气参数发生变化时，相应的氧气增压机和球罐同步进行负荷调节，最大限度减少氧气放空，稳定空分运行，节能显著。
Claims (7)
1.一种通过低温精馏分离空气来生产氧气及氮气的装置，它包括依次连接的原料空气压缩机（1）、预冷系统（2）、纯化系统（3）；中压空气增压机（4A）、低压空气增压机（4B）、空分冷箱（5）、氧气增压机（6），其特征在于所述预冷系统（2）由左右两个并排布置的空冷塔（40）和水冷塔（41）组成，经原料空气压缩机压缩后的空气进入空冷塔，先用常温水加以冷却清洗，再经过冷冻水泵（43）的冷冻水进一步冷却后送入纯化系统，该冷冻水是通过循环水在水冷塔由干燥污氮气吸湿而降温，然后经过冷水机组（42）冷却而得到，经空气预冷系统预冷后的工艺空气随后进入分子筛纯化系统，并在其中除去水、二氧化碳等杂质，所述的分子筛纯化系统（3）中的吸附器（31）由两台吸附器组成，当一台运行时，另一台则由来自冷箱的污氮气通过再生加热器（30）加热后进行再生，经过净化后的空气，与后方的中压空气增压机（4A）和低压空气增压机（4B）连接，并分别通过不同的管道以及膨胀机组流入至空分冷箱（5）中，通过空分冷箱（5）处理后最终产生中压或高压氧气、中压氮气、低压氧气、低压氮气及液氩、液氮、液氧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的通过低温精馏分离空气来生产氧气及氮气的装置，其特征在于所述空分冷箱（5）中分别设有依次连接的空分塔（21）、粗氩塔（22）、精氩塔（23），其中空分塔（21）中从上至下依次分别为上塔（34）、主冷凝蒸发器（32）、下塔（35），所述粗氩塔（22）顶部设有粗氩冷凝器（33），底部通过循环氧泵（44）连接至上塔，所述精氩塔（23）的顶部设有精氩冷凝器（36），底部设有精氩蒸发器（37）。
3.根据权利要求1所述的通过低温精馏分离空气来生产氧气及氮气的装置，其特征在于所述膨胀机组由气体膨胀机（8）和液体膨胀机（9）组成，并且该气体膨胀机（8）可根据空分装置的液体产量来配置一台或者两台膨胀机，液体膨胀机（9）可根据空分装置的综合能耗来选择性配置。
4.一种根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的通过低温精馏分离空气来生产氧气及氮气的方法为：
步骤1：空气在原料空气压缩机（1）将空气压缩到第一压力后，通过预冷系统（2）、纯化系统（3）后，在该第一压力下被冷却和净化的空气分成至少三部分：
第一部分空气在所述的主板式换热器（7）中冷却并被传送至在第一压力下操作的精馏塔的下塔；
第二部分空气在所述的中压空气压缩机（4A）中增压至第二压力，该第二压力的空气流至少分成两部分；第一部分中压空气流在所述的主板式换热器（7）中冷却，与返流的低压液氧、中压液氮换热液化后，通过液体膨胀机（9），或者高压液体节流阀（10）后，被传送至精馏塔的下塔和上塔；第二部分中压空气流在气体膨胀机增压端（8）中被压缩至第三压力，冷却后送至所述的主板式换热器（7）中冷却至第一温度后，送到气体膨胀机（8）中膨胀至在第一压力下操作的精馏塔的下塔；
第三部分空气在所述的低压空气压缩机（4B）中增压至第四压力，该低压空气流在所述的主板式换热器（7）中冷却，与返流的低压液氮换热液化后，通过低压液体节流阀（11）后，被传送至精馏塔的下塔和上塔；
步骤2：从主空分冷箱的精馏塔的上塔底部抽出液氧产品，经低压液氧泵（14）增压至一定压力后送入主板式换热器（7），与所述的中压空气增压机（4A）后的一定压力的中压空气进行匹配换热，复热后的氧气一部分作为低压氧气产品送出；另一部分再根据需求进入氧气增压机（6）增压，得到所需的中压或高压氧气产品送出；
步骤3：从主空分冷箱的精馏塔的下塔顶部抽出液氮产品，一部分经中压液氮泵（12）增压至一定压力后送入主板式换热器（7），与所述的中压空气增压机（4A）后的一定压力的空气进行匹配换热，复热后作为中压氮气产品送出供给管网；另一部分通过低压液氮泵（13）内压缩增压后，在主板式换热器（7）中和来自低压空气增压机（4B）的低压空气流进行热交换而气化并且作为低压氮气产品送出，不需要设置额外的低压氮气增压机。
5.根据权利要求4所述的通过低温精馏分离空气来生产氧气及氮气的方法，其特征在于所述步骤1中第二压力比第一压力高2.0~2.5Mpa，第三压力比第一压力高3.0~4.0Mpa，所述的第一温度为193K~163K。
6.根据权利要求5所述的通过低温精馏分离空气来生产氧气及氮气的方法，其特征在于所述第一温度为173K。
7.根据权利要求4所述的通过低温精馏分离空气来生产氧气及氮气的方法，其特征在于所述低压空气增压机（4B）可单独设置或与中压空气增压机（4A）组合成一体机使用。
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| CN (1) | CN112229143A (zh) |
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