CN102842717B - 自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂的制备方法 - Google Patents
自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102842717B CN102842717B CN201210362581.4A CN201210362581A CN102842717B CN 102842717 B CN102842717 B CN 102842717B CN 201210362581 A CN201210362581 A CN 201210362581A CN 102842717 B CN102842717 B CN 102842717B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- iron phosphate
- lithium iron
- water
- spindle
- self
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001338 self-assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-VANKVMQKSA-N aldehydo-L-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-VANKVMQKSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004729 solvothermal method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- FMZACOFSVYIGCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;phosphoric acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OCCO.OP(O)(O)=O FMZACOFSVYIGCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940032958 ferric phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940062993 ferrous oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002090 nanochannel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002055 nanoplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009656 pre-carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
本发明为一种自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂的制备方法,该方法通过回流法在LiOH溶液中实现糖的预碳化,并以此产物作为Li源和结构导向剂,实现磷酸铁锂的合成及自组装的控制,得到的产物是由约为平均粒径50纳米的磷酸铁锂纳米颗粒自组装而成的长轴为0.6~0.7微米,短轴为0.18~0.23微米的纳米结构纺锤体。本方法制得的自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂,克服了已有自组装纳米结构磷酸铁锂制备成本高、设备要求高等特点,保证了锂离子的传输距离短,可以有效提高正极材料的利用率与充放电性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明的技术方案涉及锂离子电池正极材料,是以含锂的糖预碳化产物为锂源和结构导向剂制得自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂的制备方法。
背景技术
磷酸铁锂(LiFePO4)是一种稍微扭曲的六方密堆积结构,在自然界中以磷铁锂矿的形式存在,具有橄榄石结构,属于正交晶系Pnmb空间群。在LiFePO4晶体中氧原子呈微变形的六方密堆积,磷原子占据的是四面体空隙,锂原子和铁原子占据的是八面体空隙。八面体结构的FeO6在晶体的bc面上相互连接,在b轴方向上八面体结构的LiO6相互连接成链状结构。1个FeO6与2个LiO6共边;1个PO4和FeO6共用一条边,与LiO6共用两条边。每个晶胞中有4个LiFePO4单元,其晶胞参数分别为 和强的P-O共价键形成离域的三维立体化学键,使LiFePO4具有很强的热力学和动力学稳定性,其密度也较大(3.6g/cm3)。
自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂是由纳米磷酸铁锂颗粒作为结构单元在空间上组装而成,它既有纳米级磷酸铁锂所具有的特点:高的比表面积,使反应界面可以提供更多的扩散通道;微小的颗粒使锂离子嵌入深度浅,扩散路径短;纳米化后的电极材料一定程度上抑制了一些不可逆相变的发生。同时,自组装纳米结构磷酸铁锂的微孔多,方便电解质的渗入,有利于电极反应的进行,获得高的比容量。
以前的研究多关注磷酸铁锂纳米粒子形貌的控制,自组装纳米结构磷酸铁锂的研究方兴未艾,其合成方法多集中于溶剂热和水热法,如Yang等以聚乙烯为表面活性剂,苯甲醇为溶剂,通过溶剂热法制备了由纳米片自组装而成的哑铃形磷酸铁锂(Hui Yang,XinglongWu,Minhua Cao,Yuguo Guo.Solvothermal synthesis of LiFePO4 hierarchically dumbbell-likemicrostructures by nanoplate self-assembly and their application as a cathode material inlithium-ion batteries.J.Phys. Chem. C. 2009,113(8):3345-3351)。Rangappa等以草酸亚铁,磷酸二氢铵,氢氧化锂为原料,抗坏血酸为添加剂,乙二醇为溶剂,己烷为共溶剂,油酸为表面活性剂通过溶剂热法,合成了花状显微结构的磷酸铁锂(Dinesh Rangappa,Koji Sone,Tetsuichi Kudo,Itaru Honma. Directed growth of nanoarchitectured LiFePO4 electrode bysolvothermal synthesis and their cathode properties. Journal of Power Sources,2010,195:6167-6171)。Liu等以SDS为超分子模板在乙醇-水体系合成了层状自组装纳米结构磷酸铁锂(Chao Liu,Dongxia Ma,Xiujie Ji,Shanshan Zhao,Song Li.Surfactant assisted synthesis oflamellar nanostructured LiFePO4 at 388K.Applied Surface Science,2011,257:4529-4531;国家发明专利ZL 201010250100.1)。Wang等以乙醇为溶剂,自制的纳米片状矩形磷酸铁铵为前驱体,通过溶剂热法合成了由纳米片状矩形自组装而成的花形磷酸铁锂(Qiang Wang,Weixin Zhang,Zeheng Yang,Shaoying Weng,Zhuojie Jin.Solvothermal synthesis ofhierarchical LiFePO4 microflowers as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries.Journal ofPower Sources.2011,196:10176-10182)。Qian等以乙酸锂,硝酸铁,磷酸二氢铵为原料,柠檬酸为添加剂,通过水热法制得由100nm的颗粒组合而成的3μm的球形磷酸铁锂。其高倍率充放电性能和循环稳定性满足大功率锂离子电源设备的需求(Jiangfeng Qian,MinZhou,Yuliang Cao,Xinping Ai,and Hanxi Yang.Template-free hydrothermal synthesis ofnanoembossed mesoporous LiFePO4 microspheres for high-performance Lithium-ion batteries.J.Phys.Chem.C 2010,114:3477-3482)。Xia等以硫酸亚铁、磷酸和氢氧化锂为原料,抗坏血酸为添加剂,通过水热法制得自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂。作为电极材料,其表现出良好的电化学特性,0.1C首次放电比容量可达到163mA·h/g,5C放电比容量仍可达到111mA·h/g,且循环性能稳定。(Yang Xia,Wenkui Zhang,Hui Huang,Yongping Gan,Jian Tian,Xinyong Tao.Self-assembled mesoporous LiFePO4 with hierarchical spindle-like architecturesfor high-performance lithium-ion batteries.Journal of Power Sources,2011,196(13):5651-5658)但溶剂热、水热等方法需要高压设备,其工业化对设备要求高,且添加剂较昂贵。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:一,提出一种制备自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂的制备方法;二,通过回流法在LiOH溶液中实现糖的预碳化,并以此产物作为Li源和结构导向剂,实现磷酸铁锂的合成及自组装的控制。采用回流法制备自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂,克服了已有自组装纳米结构磷酸铁锂制备成本高、设备要求高等特点。
本发明解决该技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂,该产物是由约为平均粒径50纳米的磷酸铁锂纳米颗粒自组装而成的长轴为0.6~0.7微米,短轴为0.18~0.23微米的纳米结构纺锤体。
所述自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂的制备方法,其步骤是:
(1)将氢氧化锂溶解在水中,制得0.004~0.012摩尔氢氧化锂/毫升水溶液,将糖溶解在上述溶液中,制得糖浓度为0.2~1.2克/毫升的混合溶液,取5份,再加入30份乙二醇,配制成氢氧化锂-糖-水-乙二醇混合溶液,再将混合溶液转移到反应器中,在氮气气氛下,加热搅拌至回流温度,常压反应1~2小时,得到含锂的糖预碳化产物,待用;
(2)将磷源溶解在水中,制得0.004摩尔磷/毫升水溶液,取5份,再加入10~50份的乙二醇,配制成磷源-水-乙二醇混合溶液,待用;
(3)将硫酸亚铁盐溶解在水中,制得0.002摩尔硫酸亚铁/毫升水溶液,取10份,待用;
(4)在搅拌下依次把步骤(2),(3)配制的溶液快速加入到步骤(1)的反应器中,搅拌、常压回流反应12~24小时后,停止反应,冷却到室温;
(5)将上步所得产物在室温下原液静置0~24小时,水洗,再经抽滤,烘干,得到产物为自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂。
上述组分的份数均为体积份数,且各步骤中所用的体积单位相同。
上面步骤(1)中所述的糖为葡萄糖、蔗糖或水溶性淀粉。
上面步骤(2)中所述的磷源为磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵或磷酸。
本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明方法所得到的自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂是由平均粒径50纳米的磷酸铁锂纳米颗粒自组装而成的长轴为0.6~0.7微米,短轴为0.18~0.23微米的纳米结构纺锤体,如图1a,b所示。这些纳米颗粒在糖的预碳化产物的作用下,自组装成磷酸铁锂纺锤体。疏松排列的磷酸铁锂纳米颗粒有利于电解液的浸入而充分利用活性物质,从而获得高的比容量;该纺锤体中的磷酸铁锂纳米颗粒保证了锂离子的传输距离短,可以有效提高正极材料的利用率与充放电性能。如图2所示,产物的XRD的衍射峰清晰、尖锐,说明得到的磷酸铁锂的结晶性很好,有利于提高电化学性能。
2.本发明方法中,乙二醇-水体系与糖的预碳化产物是制备自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂的关键。
3.本发明方法在常压回流条件就合成出了结晶度好的自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂,反应条件温和,非高压条件,设备简单,工艺安全。
4.本发明所采用的原料葡萄糖、蔗糖、水溶性淀粉、氢氧化锂、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸、硫酸亚铁等均属于普通化学试剂,廉价易得。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1为实施例1中自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂粉体的扫描电镜照片。
图2为实施例1中自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂粉体的XRD谱图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)将0.06mol氢氧化锂溶于5mL水中,将3g葡萄糖溶解在上述溶液中,再加入30mL乙二醇,配制成氢氧化锂-葡萄糖-水-乙二醇混合液。将混合溶液转移到反应器中,在氮气气氛下,加热搅拌至回流温度,常压反应2小时,得到含锂的糖预碳化产物,待用;
(2)将0.02mol磷酸溶解在5mL水中,再加入50mL乙二醇,配制成磷酸-水-乙二醇的混合溶液,待用;
(3)将0.02mol硫酸亚铁溶解在10mL水中,制得硫酸亚铁溶液,待用;
(4)在搅拌下依次把步骤(2),(3)配制的溶液快速加入到(1)的反应器中,搅拌、常压回流反应24小时后,停止反应,待冷却到室温;
(5)将上步所得产物在室温下原液静置24h,水洗3次,抽滤,60℃烘干4h,得到产物为自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂粉体3g。
经SEM测试观察到了磷酸铁锂为自组装纺锤体形。图1a为自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂的照片,图1b为部分放大照片。从照片中可以看到自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂是由平均粒径50纳米的磷酸铁锂颗粒自组装而成的长轴为0.6~0.7微米,短轴为0.18~0.23微米的纺锤体,如图1a,b所示。
经XRD测试(见图2),自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂的衍射峰清晰、尖锐,说明该自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂的结晶性好。
将得到的自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂粉末在氮气保护下,在700℃处理6h。将LiFePO4、乙炔黑、60%聚四氟乙烯乳液按质量比7∶2∶1的比例混合,碾压成厚度为0.10~0.15毫米的片,并与铝箔压合在一起,于120℃真空干燥12小时,制得电池正极。以金属锂片为负极、1M的LiPF6溶液为电解液、cell gard 2300为隔膜,与上述正极组装成扣式电池,以0.2C、3C倍率进行充放电,并以3C充放电进行循环试验。充放电的电压范围为4.2~2.3V。0.2C和3C起始放电容量为155.1mAh/g和136.2mAh/g,3C循环100次后,放电容量为134.5mAh/g。
实施例2
(1)将0.06mol氢氧化锂溶于5mL水中,将3g葡萄糖溶解在上述溶液中,再加入30mL乙二醇,配制成氢氧化锂-葡萄糖-水-乙二醇混合溶液。将混合溶液转移到反应器中,在氮气气氛下,加热搅拌至回流温度,常压反应1小时,得到含锂的糖预碳化产物,待用;
(2)将0.02mol磷酸溶解在5mL水中,再加入10mL乙二醇,配制成磷酸-水-乙二醇的混合溶液,待用;
(3)将0.02mol硫酸亚铁溶解在10mL水中,制得硫酸亚铁溶液,待用;
(4)在搅拌下依次把步骤(2),(3)配制的溶液快速加入到步骤(1)的反应器中,搅拌、常压回流反应12小时后,停止反应,冷却到室温;
(5)将上步所得反应物在室温下原液静置0h,水洗3次,抽滤,60℃烘干4h,得到产物为自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂粉体2.97g。
实施例3-4
将实施例1中步骤(1)葡萄糖用量分别改为1g,6g,其他步骤同实施例1。得到产物为自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂粉体3.02g,3.05g。
实施例5-6
将实施例2中步骤(1)葡萄糖用量分别改为1g,6g,其他步骤同实施例2。得到产物为自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂粉体2.98g,3.03g。
实施例7-12
将实施例1-6中步骤(1)葡萄糖换为蔗糖,其他步骤同实施例1-6。得到产物为自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂粉体3.01g,3g,3.02g,3.04g,2.99g,3.02g。晶态和结构同实施例1。
实施例13-18
将实施例1-6中步骤(1)葡萄糖换为水溶性淀粉,其他步骤同实施例1-6。得到产物为自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂粉体2.99g,3g,3.01g,3.03g,3g,3.03g。晶态和结构同实施例1。
实施例19-36
将实施例1-18中步骤(1)氢氧化锂用量改为0.02mol,步骤(2)磷酸改为磷酸氢二铵,其他步骤同实施例1-18。得到产物为自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂粉体2.98g,3g,3.01g,3.02g,3g,3.04g,3.01g,3g,3.02g,3.03g,3g,3.03g,2.99g,3.02g,3.01g,3.02g,3.01g,3.02g。晶态和结构同实施例1。
实施例37-54
将实施例1-18中步骤(1)氢氧化锂用量改为0.04mol,步骤(2)磷酸改为磷酸二氢铵,其他步骤同实施例1-18。得到产物为自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂粉体3g,3.01g,3g,2.98g,3.02g,3.03g,3.04g,3.01g,3.02g,3.01g,3.02g,3.01g,2.99g,3.02g,3g,3.03g,3.02g,3g。晶态和结构同实施例1。
部分实施例的电化学性能见表1,从以下的数据可以看出,自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂的0.2C、3C起始放电容量介于150.3~155.1mAh/g、130.6~136.2mAh/g;3C循环100次后比容量介于128.6~134.5mAh/g,表现出很好的电化学性能,这应该归功于自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂粉体中所特有纳米通道和纳米级磷酸铁锂结构单元。
表1电化学性能
Claims (2)
1.一种自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂的制备方法,其特征为包括以下步骤:
(1)将氢氧化锂溶解在水中,制得0.004~0.012摩尔氢氧化锂/毫升水溶液,将糖溶解在上述溶液中,制得糖浓度为0.2~1.2克/毫升的混合溶液,取5份,再加入30份乙二醇,配制成氢氧化锂-糖-水-乙二醇混合溶液,再将混合溶液转移到反应器中,在氮气气氛下,加热搅拌至回流温度,常压反应1~2小时,得到含锂的糖预碳化产物,待用;
(2)将磷源溶解在水中,制得0.004摩尔磷/毫升水溶液,取5份,再加入10~50份的乙二醇,配制成磷源-水-乙二醇混合溶液,待用;
(3)将硫酸亚铁盐溶解在水中,制得0.002摩尔硫酸亚铁/毫升水溶液,取10份,待用;
(4)在搅拌下依次把步骤(2),(3)配制的溶液快速加入到步骤(1)的反应器中,搅拌、常压回流反应12~24小时后,停止反应,冷却到室温;
(5)将上步所得产物在室温下原液静置0~24小时,水洗,再经抽滤,烘干,得到产物为自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂;
上述组分的份数均为体积份数,且各步骤中所用的体积单位相同;
步骤(1)中所述的糖为葡萄糖、蔗糖或水溶性淀粉;
步骤(2)中所述的磷源为磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵或磷酸。
2.如权利要求1所述的自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂的制备方法,其特征为最后制得的产物是由平均粒径50纳米的磷酸铁锂纳米颗粒自组装而成的长轴为0.6~0.7微米,短轴为0.18~0.23微米的纳米结构纺锤体。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201210362581.4A CN102842717B (zh) | 2012-09-26 | 2012-09-26 | 自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂的制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201210362581.4A CN102842717B (zh) | 2012-09-26 | 2012-09-26 | 自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂的制备方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN102842717A CN102842717A (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
CN102842717B true CN102842717B (zh) | 2014-09-17 |
Family
ID=47369903
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201210362581.4A Expired - Fee Related CN102842717B (zh) | 2012-09-26 | 2012-09-26 | 自组装纺锤体形纳米结构磷酸铁锂的制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN102842717B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106410168B (zh) * | 2016-12-07 | 2019-05-14 | 中南大学 | 纳米薄片堆叠的磷酸铁锂/石墨烯复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN111463415B (zh) * | 2020-04-09 | 2021-09-14 | 中科南京绿色制造产业创新研究院 | 一种正极宿主材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101007630A (zh) * | 2007-01-16 | 2007-08-01 | 北大先行科技产业有限公司 | 一种可调控其颗粒形貌的磷酸铁锂制备方法 |
CN101604749A (zh) * | 2009-06-18 | 2009-12-16 | 复旦大学 | 提高磷酸亚铁锂电池正极材料导电性的方法 |
CN101891181A (zh) * | 2010-08-11 | 2010-11-24 | 河北工业大学 | 一种纯相高结晶度磷酸铁锂的制备方法 |
CN101906661A (zh) * | 2010-08-11 | 2010-12-08 | 河北工业大学 | 有序层状自组装纳米结构磷酸铁锂多晶粉体及其制备方法 |
CN102306780A (zh) * | 2011-09-15 | 2012-01-04 | 长春理工大学 | 纺锤形磷酸铁锂纳米束及其制备方法 |
CN102583296A (zh) * | 2011-01-06 | 2012-07-18 | 河南师范大学 | 一种液相制备纳米级磷酸铁锂的方法 |
EP2476647A1 (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2012-07-18 | Toda Kogyo Corporation | Ferric phosphate hydrate particle powder and process for production thereof, olivine-type lithium iron phosphate particle powder and process for production thereof, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
-
2012
- 2012-09-26 CN CN201210362581.4A patent/CN102842717B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101007630A (zh) * | 2007-01-16 | 2007-08-01 | 北大先行科技产业有限公司 | 一种可调控其颗粒形貌的磷酸铁锂制备方法 |
CN101604749A (zh) * | 2009-06-18 | 2009-12-16 | 复旦大学 | 提高磷酸亚铁锂电池正极材料导电性的方法 |
EP2476647A1 (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2012-07-18 | Toda Kogyo Corporation | Ferric phosphate hydrate particle powder and process for production thereof, olivine-type lithium iron phosphate particle powder and process for production thereof, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
CN101891181A (zh) * | 2010-08-11 | 2010-11-24 | 河北工业大学 | 一种纯相高结晶度磷酸铁锂的制备方法 |
CN101906661A (zh) * | 2010-08-11 | 2010-12-08 | 河北工业大学 | 有序层状自组装纳米结构磷酸铁锂多晶粉体及其制备方法 |
CN102583296A (zh) * | 2011-01-06 | 2012-07-18 | 河南师范大学 | 一种液相制备纳米级磷酸铁锂的方法 |
CN102306780A (zh) * | 2011-09-15 | 2012-01-04 | 长春理工大学 | 纺锤形磷酸铁锂纳米束及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102842717A (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Gu et al. | General synthesis of MnOx (MnO2, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, MnO) hierarchical microspheres as lithium-ion battery anodes | |
Wang et al. | Fe3O4 submicron spheroids as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries with stable and high electrochemical performance | |
CN101162776B (zh) | 适用于高倍率动力电池用的磷酸铁锂及其制备方法 | |
Konarova et al. | Physical and electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 nanoparticles synthesized by a combination of spray pyrolysis with wet ball-milling | |
Zhang et al. | Porous Li3V2 (PO4) 3/C cathode with extremely high-rate capacity prepared by a sol–gel-combustion method for fast charging and discharging | |
Pan et al. | Hydrothermal synthesis of well-dispersed LiMnPO4 plates for lithium ion batteries cathode | |
Zhu et al. | Synthesis of FePO4· xH2O for fabricating submicrometer structured LiFePO4/C by a co-precipitation method | |
Zhao et al. | Hydrothermal synthesis and potential applicability of rhombohedral siderite as a high-capacity anode material for lithium ion batteries | |
CN102427131A (zh) | 锂离子电池正极材料金属镁掺杂的磷酸锰锂/碳制备方法 | |
Li et al. | Preparation of NiO–Ni/natural graphite composite anode for lithium ion batteries | |
Fan et al. | Nonaqueous synthesis of nano-sized LiMnPO4@ C as a cathode material for high performance lithium ion batteries | |
Zhang et al. | Synthesis and electrochemical studies of carbon-modified LiNiPO4 as the cathode material of Li-ion batteries | |
CN106602038B (zh) | 一种溶胶辅助溶剂热法制备粒棒混合形貌磷酸钒锂/碳复合正极材料及其制备方法 | |
Liu et al. | Li+ diffusion kinetics of SnS2 nanoflowers enhanced by reduced graphene oxides with excellent electrochemical performance as anode material for lithium-ion batteries | |
Cheng et al. | Hydrothermal synthesis of LiNi0. 5Mn1. 5O4 sphere and its performance as high-voltage cathode material for lithium ion batteries | |
CN102760880A (zh) | 一种高功率磷酸铁锂电池材料及其制备方法 | |
Sun et al. | Co/CoO@ NC nanocomposites as high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries | |
Zou et al. | Spray drying-assisted synthesis of LiFePO4/C composite microspheres with high performance for lithium-ion batteries | |
Li et al. | Influence of Li: Fe molar ratio on the performance of the LiFePO4/C prepared by high temperature ball milling method | |
CN105731411A (zh) | 一种机械力化学活化改性磷酸铁锂正极材料的制备方法 | |
Mi et al. | Large-scale stereoscopic structured heazlewoodite microrod arrays and scale-like microsheets for lithium-ion battery applications | |
CN103413918B (zh) | 一种锂离子电池用正极材料磷酸钴锂的合成方法 | |
Li et al. | Influence of synthesis method on the performance of the LiFePO4/C cathode material | |
CN102185136A (zh) | 一种锂离子电池正极材料纳米磷酸亚铁锂的制备方法 | |
CN104681814B (zh) | 一种具有多孔星形形貌的锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4及其制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20140917 |
|
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |