CN102823386A - Efficient recovery method of stevia seeds - Google Patents
Efficient recovery method of stevia seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN102823386A CN102823386A CN2012103507860A CN201210350786A CN102823386A CN 102823386 A CN102823386 A CN 102823386A CN 2012103507860 A CN2012103507860 A CN 2012103507860A CN 201210350786 A CN201210350786 A CN 201210350786A CN 102823386 A CN102823386 A CN 102823386A
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Abstract
The invention provides an efficient recovery method of stevia seeds, belonging to the technical field of plant production. The first seed recovery starts at the fifth to sixth week of the blooming for the first time; recovery is carried out in a same seed production plot every five to seven days; and eight to twelve times of branch-shaking seed recovery can be carried out in each seed production area until the mature seeds on the plants are completely recovered. By using the multi-time recovery method, compared with the one-time recovery, the seed output can be improved by 50-60% and the germination rate of the seeds can be improved by 50-70%. The method provided by the invention is capable of effectively avoiding the defects caused by one-time recovery as follows: I, partial early flowers are mature and the seeds fall off; II, the seeds which are just pollinated cannot well complete after-ripening to influence seed quality as the plants at the later period of the harvesting cannot grow well; and III, by recovering the plants earlier, about 1/3 pre-blooming flowers on the plants at the later period cannot bloom and seed to influence the effective output of the seeds.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the efficient collecting method of a kind of stevia rebaudianum seed, belong to technical field of plant production.
Background technology
Stevia rebaudianum (
Stevia rebaudianaBertoni.) belong to the composite family herbaceos perennial, self-sow and areas such as the Brazil that is distributed in South America, Paraguay, Argentina.Be known as Paraguay's beet in the original producton location, the Brazilian is the sugar grass.Stevia rebaudianum last century the mid-1970s begin introducing and planting, the beginning of the eighties in a plurality of countries and regions by extensively cultivation, and develop into a kind of novel sugar [yielding after beet, sugarcane gradually.
China is one of country that introduces a fine variety the earliest stevia rebaudianum, and is maximum in the world stevia rebaudianum primary producing country and exported country, and surplus the stevia rebaudianum area under cultivation of China in 2011 reaches 40 ten thousand mu, its Central-South, northern stevia rebaudianum area under cultivation is than respectively accounting for 50% approximately.Because the cold resistance of stevia rebaudianum is relatively poor; Therefore the seedling of producing through the asexual cottage propagation mode of spring and autumn at present is mainly used in the production of southern area raw material; And northern area must be selected for use effective seed propagation method to substitute and preserve the mode that seedling living plant provenance causes the very big cottage propagation seedling that improves of production cost of producing because winter climate is cold.The best region of selecting in China stevia rebaudianum production of hybrid seeds base is roughly area, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, the initial bloom stage of these regional common stevia rebaudianum kinds greatly about late July to late August.Because the stevia rebaudianum inflorescence is the biological property of indefinite inflorescence; Its florescence generally has about 120 days in 8～November than long relatively approximately; Generally the time Zi the seed maturity of pollinating approximately needs about 30 days, and initial seed maturity is about mid-September, and seed begins ripe successively afterwards.At present the stevia rebaudianum seed collection picking methods that adopt are more, treat on the plant nearly the flowers are in blossom 2/3 or more spend after, just about 10-15 ㎝ is directly apart from ground from plant
DisposableThe whole strain of harvesting afterwards with plant airing under natural lighting, is treated the seed of gathering after seed physical maturity on the plant comes off.Though the method is simple, because flower and the spontaneous pollination of stevia rebaudianum all carried out successively, seed maturity also must have property successively, so adopts the method often to cause: the one, and the plant top early blossoming mature seed loss of being scattered; The 2nd, the seed of just having pollinated again because of the later stage plant can not fine growth make the seed of having pollinated well not accomplish after-ripening to influence seed quality; The 3rd, the plant of gathering too early makes the open flower of 1/3 later stage band of still having an appointment on the plant not blossom and bear fruit.Therefore adopt this kind method stevia rebaudianum seed of gathering, not only reduced the output of seed widely, and seriously influenced the quality of seed.Whole withdrawals of therefore, how effectively ripe successively seed not to be lost as far as possible are critical technical problems during the stevia rebaudianum production of hybrid seeds is produced.
Summary of the invention:
Technical problem
It is a kind of that the present invention providesThe stevia rebaudianum seed
Repeatedly shake branchEfficient picking methods, the average yield of the stevia rebaudianum seed that employing the method is gathered improves more than 50% than disposable gathering, and the germination rate of seed improves more than 50% than the germination rate of the disposable seed of gathering.
Technical scheme
The efficient collecting method of a kind of stevia rebaudianum seed is characterized in that:
In 3-4 after the stevia rebaudianum plant is just spent week, with packing rope whole branches of plant are carried out compact colligation at the middle part of plant plant height; 5-6 after just spending week beginning is shaken branch for the first time and is received kind, and every afterwards branch that shook at a distance from 5～7 days is received kind once, and each seed production area is carried out 8～12 times the branch that shakes and received and plant, or mature seed is gathered fully to the plant; The sprig that when shaking branch and receiving kind plant top is had mature seed tilts and shakes gently to receiving kind of a Polywoven Bag sack slightly, and the seed of maturation is shaken off down naturally; Shake the container that branch is received kind, select ventilative smooth Polywoven Bag for use, the Polywoven Bag size is long * wide be 60 ㎝ * 40 ㎝; Gather and select fine day to carry out, collecting time is that at 9 in the morning is to point in afternoons 17.Airing in the cool behind the seed collection.
Beneficial effect
The present invention adopts the method for repeatedly gathering can make seed production improve 50-60% than disposable gathering, and the germination rate of seed can improve 50～70%.
The defective that the inventive method can effectively avoid the disposable method of gathering of available technology adopting to cause: a part of early blossoming mature seed loss of being scattered; Two seeds of just having pollinated influence seed quality because of plant harvesting later stage plant can not fine growth makes the seed of having pollinated well not accomplish after-ripening, and three plant of gathering too early make 1/3 flower opened in advance of having an appointment of later stage on the plant can not blossom and bear fruit and influence the deficiency of the effective output of seed.
Embodiment
With the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River area stevia rebaudianum production of hybrid seeds and seed collection instance is example:
Stevia rebaudianum F 1 Production of hybrid seeds parent:With stevia rebaudianum kind ' No. 1, middle mountain ' (market purchase) and two clones of ' No. 3, middle mountain ' (market purchase) respectively as male parent and female parent.
1, whole ground bedding: select subsequent use cultivated land dry land, impose an amount of fertilizer or N, P, every mu 50 ㎏ of K composite fertilizer before the whole ground as base manure.With the direct bedding in common farmland is wide 80 ㎝ and high 20 ㎝, furrow spacing 40 ㎝.
2, field planting and field management:Field planting stevia rebaudianum seedling needs more than 3 couples of blade plant height 10 ㎝, setting date in 5 months, the last ten-days period, plantation 2 row on the wide furrow of per 80 ㎝, respectively apart from furrow edge 20 ㎝, line-spacing is 40 ㎝, spacing in the rows is 20 ㎝; Every furrow father, female parent plant 1 the row, about two furrow close on capable alternate the planting of not repeating.Water permeablely after the field planting, multiple permeable 1～2 time of next day, about 5 days of seedling-slowing stage waters permeable 1 time according to weather rainwater situation 3～7 afterwards, and topdress between seedling 1 a mid-August moon florescence before, field management such as in time hoe up weeds, loosen the soil.
3, the seed of gathering
The efficient harvesting technique method of stevia rebaudianum seed is also claimed the stevia rebaudianum seed
Repeatedly shake branchEfficient harvesting technique.Area, middle and lower reach of Yangtze River stevia rebaudianum production of hybrid seeds parent setting date is in 4～May; The stevia rebaudianum full-bloom stage is generally on August at the initial bloom stage in area, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, the middle ten days; Full-bloom stage is about September～October, about 30 days of the seed maturity of pollinating, and seed is since early October maturation successively.
Because the flower of Stevia plant is the biological property of indefinite inflorescence; Its florescence is relatively grown (August～November) about 120 days; Receive the bloom influence of characteristic of plant indefinite inflorescence, the maturing stage of stevia rebaudianum seed is also inconsistent ripe for successively, has brought very big difficulty for gathering of seed.Therefore, anticipation obtains more how ripe high quality seeds, should be according to the stevia rebaudianum ripe successively characteristics of seed of blooming successively, and employing is repeatedly seed collection mode successively; In addition; Because the stevia rebaudianum seed is small and light; Be scattered under the sunny situation of dry weather easily automatically in ripe back, in the 3-4 week when therefore spending the back seed soon ripe in the plant beginning after just spending, the middle part that is chosen in the plant plant height is carried out appropriate colligation with packing rope with whole branches of plant; In order to avoid branch on the plant or sprig are fractureed by external force receiving when kind shaking, and appropriate colligation is the relatively compacter loss of being scattered that to a certain degree can reduce mature seed of branch that disperses.Requiring when carrying out colligation can not tension, in order to avoid influence the ventilation of the bloom pollination of insect medium and necessity of later stage flower on the plant branch.5-6 week after just spending can begin to receive successively kind, and the method for gathering adopts a method of shaking.It is more crisp easy to break because the branch of Stevia plant except that spray all has in various degree lignification; Therefore there is the ramuscule of mature seed to tilt to shake gently to receiving kind of a Polywoven Bag sack slightly on plant top when shaking branch and receiving kind, the seed of maturation is shaken off down to be sure not to rub naturally.Shake the container that branch is received kind, select Polywoven Bag (ventilative smooth) for use, the Polywoven Bag size is long * wide be 60 ㎝ * 40 ㎝.Do not select cloth bag and plastic sack for use, the sticking easily bag wall of cloth bag seed, plastic sack is airtight.Same production of hybrid seeds plot is received and kind to be spaced apart per 5～7 days and to gather once, and each seed production area generally can be carried out 8～12 times the branch that shakes and received kind, also can gather fully according to concrete condition mature seed on plant in flowering stage.Receive and to carry out after kind selecting reveal fine morning to decorporate, every day suitable collecting time be at 9 in the morning to point in afternoons 17, seed collection is placed on shady and cool place and in time removes field heat, to guarantee the seed vigor of long-term storage in the future.The cleaning of seed: the seed of gathering is removed branches and leaves and impurity respectively after cold is shone, and the preservation of dress sealed bag prevents to make moist mildew and rot.
Adopting the gather output of stevia rebaudianum seed of the method is 15～20 ㎏/mus, has improved 50-60% than disposable gathering, and the germination rate of seed is 40～50%.Improved 50～70% than disposable gathering.
Claims (2)
1. efficient harvesting technique method of stevia rebaudianum seed is characterized in that:
In 3-4 after the stevia rebaudianum plant is just spent week, with packing rope whole branches of plant are carried out compact colligation at the middle part of plant plant height; 5-6 after just spending week beginning is shaken branch for the first time and is received kind, and every afterwards branch that shook at a distance from 5～7 days is received kind once, and each seed production area is carried out 8～12 times the branch that shakes and received and plant, or mature seed is gathered fully to the plant; The sprig that when shaking branch and receiving kind plant top is had mature seed tilts and shakes gently to receiving kind of a Polywoven Bag sack slightly, and the seed of maturation is shaken off down naturally; Shake the container that branch is received kind, select Polywoven Bag for use, the Polywoven Bag size is long * wide be 60 ㎝ * 40 ㎝; Gather and select fine day to carry out, collecting time is that at 9 in the morning is to point in afternoons 17.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: airing in the cool behind the seed collection.
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| CN2012103507860A CN102823386A (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2012-09-20 | Efficient recovery method of stevia seeds |
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| CN2012103507860A CN102823386A (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2012-09-20 | Efficient recovery method of stevia seeds |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104838816A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-08-19 | 贵州大学 | Method of harvesting white atractylodes rhizome seeds |
| CN108112351A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-06-05 | 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院 | A kind of Stevia seed recovering device and method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5262300A (en) * | 1975-11-13 | 1977-05-23 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | Isolation of bibaudioside-a by crystallization |
| CN101213934A (en) * | 2008-01-08 | 2008-07-09 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Single clone choiceness F1 stevia rebaudianum hybrid seeds production method |
-
2012
- 2012-09-20 CN CN2012103507860A patent/CN102823386A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5262300A (en) * | 1975-11-13 | 1977-05-23 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | Isolation of bibaudioside-a by crystallization |
| CN101213934A (en) * | 2008-01-08 | 2008-07-09 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Single clone choiceness F1 stevia rebaudianum hybrid seeds production method |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 王艳永: "甜叶菊的种子采收和越冬", 《农村科技开发》, 10 December 1997 (1997-12-10), pages 33 * |
| 舒世珍等: "《中国甜菊栽培及应用技术》", 28 February 1994, article "中国甜菊栽培及应用技术" * |
| 赵永平: "甜叶菊高产栽培技术", 《现代农业科技》, no. 7, 10 April 2009 (2009-04-10), pages 51 * |
| 黄应森，陆荣刚: "《甜菊栽培技术》", 31 December 1981, article "甜菊栽培技术" * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104838816A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-08-19 | 贵州大学 | Method of harvesting white atractylodes rhizome seeds |
| CN108112351A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-06-05 | 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院 | A kind of Stevia seed recovering device and method |
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Application publication date: 20121219 |