CN102813081A - Feed for breeding Cordyceps sinensis host larvae, and method for breeding host larvae - Google Patents
Feed for breeding Cordyceps sinensis host larvae, and method for breeding host larvae Download PDFInfo
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- CN102813081A CN102813081A CN2012101634240A CN201210163424A CN102813081A CN 102813081 A CN102813081 A CN 102813081A CN 2012101634240 A CN2012101634240 A CN 2012101634240A CN 201210163424 A CN201210163424 A CN 201210163424A CN 102813081 A CN102813081 A CN 102813081A
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Abstract
The invention provides a feed for breeding Cordyceps sinensis host larvae, and a method for breeding the host larvae, wherein the feed comprises Chinese artichoke and Potentilla anserine L. In some embodiments, the feed also comprises carrots. The invention also provides a method for preparing the feed, and a method for breeding bat moth larvae through adopting the feed. The feed solves an artificial technological link for breeding the bat moth larvae, can be used for the artificial scale breeding of the bat moth larvae, and has a large promotion effect on the artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis, so large economic benefits can be generated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of winter from summer grass, be specifically related to be used to raise the feed and the method that adopts this feed to raise said host larva of Cordyceps sinensis host larva.
Background technology
To be Clavicipitaceae (Clavicipitaceae) fungi aweto (Cordyceps sienesis (Berkeley) Saccardo) belong to stroma and the complex of Hepialus larva corpse on (Hepialus) larva Hepialidae (Hepialidae) bat to Cordyceps sinensis; It is one of distinctive rare medicinal herbs of China; The property flat flavor sweet, have the effect of invigorating the lung and the kidney.
As stated, the Hepialus insect larva can be parasitic by aweto, and finally form Cordyceps sinensis through the growth of certain hour.In recent years; Because of people excavate Cordyceps sinensis in a large number its wild resource is seriously damaged; The market demand strengthens gradually in addition; Wild Cordyceps sinensis far can not be satisfied the demand, and the ecological environment in the Cordyceps sinensis place of production has also suffered serious destruction, is suitable for plant quantity that Hepialus larva gets food also in rapid minimizing.The artificial intervention actively developed the Cordyceps sinensis protection and cultivated the inevitable choice that has just become to solve this contradiction, and artificially cultivating cordyceps is important and effective measures, and wherein the raising of host larva is that the basis that Cordyceps sinensis is cultivated is carried out in manual work.The artificial feeding situation of present Hepialus insect larva is greatly restricting the artificial culture of Cordyceps sinensis.
The fresh food material of now relevant artificial feeding Hepialus larva generally shows as unification.For example, the meridic diet that contains the mixture of a kind of fresh food materials and several kinds of other materials is (by Radix et Rhizoma Rhei or carrot and soya bean, corn flour; Dusty yeast, wheat bran, agar and water configuration) (Wang Hongsheng. the Primary Study [J] of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth artificial feeding technology. insect knowledge; 2002,39 (2): 144-146), only raise bat moth larvae (Wang Zhong with carrot; Ma Qilong, Qiao Zhengqiang, Ma Fuquan. total man worker's breeding technology [J] of Gansu Chinese caterpillar fungus host insect bat. agriculture of gansu science and technology; 2001, (7): 42-43), only use serpentgrass (latitude once; Yin Fu army. the dead worm status investigation of Hepialus gonggaensis larva [J]. Chongqing Study of Medicinal Herbs, 2003,48 (2): 5-6) raise bat moth larvae etc.Though also have and met several kinds of fresh feed and mix the report of raising, report is just said and is liked 22 kind of plant in phytophagous 13 sections according to the bat moth to have filtered out 3 kind of plant definite after raising
One group of suitable bat moth get food formula feed (high ancestor's instruction etc. total man worker cultivates Cordyceps sinensis research [J]. Zhejiang Agricultural Univ's journal; 17 (1): 1-5); But do not provide concrete variety and quality of food ratio in the literary composition, and it relates to is under no native condition, to raise the bat moth larvae.
Generally speaking, still there are problems in technology now.For example, do not raise the bat moth larvae with the fresh food prescription, caused the larva nutrition supply inadequate and not comprehensive, make that bat moth larvae survival rate is low, viability is poor, and growth potential is low.
In addition, if only raise as prescription,,, be not easy to be got food by the bat moth larvae if do not pack because the bat moth larvae burrows on foodstuff and gets the characteristic of food with a kind of fresh food and other compositions.And pack, will increase the cost input of artificial feeding.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problem that the fresh feed composition is single in the current bat moth larvae raising and the problem of in soil, how to place foodstuff.The invention provides following technical scheme.
1, a kind of feed that is used to raise the bat moth larvae, wherein, said feed comprises following food materials: Chinese artichoke (Lamiaceae, Stachys sieboldii) and potentilla anserina (Rosaceae, Potentilla anserine).
2, like technical scheme 1 described feed, wherein, the subterranean stem of said feed employing Chinese artichoke and the subterranean stem of potentilla anserina are as food materials.
3, like technical scheme 1 or 2 described feeds, wherein, the mass ratio of said Chinese artichoke and potentilla anserina is 5: 25 to 25: 5.
4, like technical scheme 3 described feeds, wherein, the mass ratio of said Chinese artichoke and potentilla anserina is 5: 25,10: 20 or 25: 5.
5, like each described feed in the technical scheme 1 to 4, wherein, said feed also comprises carrot (Apiaceae, Daucus carota).
6, like technical scheme 5 described feeds, wherein, said feed adopts the subterranean stem of carrot as food materials.
7, like technical scheme 5 or 6 described feeds, wherein, said carrot: Chinese artichoke: the mass ratio of potentilla anserina is 3: (3～24): (3～24).
8, like technical scheme 7 described feeds, wherein, said carrot: Chinese artichoke: the mass ratio of potentilla anserina is 3: 10: 17,3: 3: 24 or 3: 24: 3.
9, a kind of method of technology of preparing scheme 1 to 8 described feed, wherein, said method comprises the steps:
(1) obtains as the Chinese artichoke of food materials and potentilla anserina and/or carrot and clean;
(2) cutting is as the carrot of food materials and/or the Chinese artichoke that fractures; With
(3) said food materials are carried out disinfection.
10,, wherein, in (1) step, adopt said food materials subterranean stem separately, and comprise the step of washing said rhizomatous earth off and removing said rhizomatous fibrous root as raw material like technical scheme 9 described methods.
11,, wherein, in said (2) step, said food materials are cut into after putting into insect box, do not touch insect box wall portion and be as the criterion like technical scheme 9 or 10 described methods.
12, like technical scheme 11 described methods, wherein, said carrot is cut into 0.5cm
3To 1.5cm
3The piece material.
13,, wherein, in (3) step, use alcohol-pickled said food materials to carry out disinfection like each described method in the technical scheme 9 to 12.
14, like technical scheme 13 described methods, wherein, the concentration of said alcohol is 75 volume %, and soak time is 2 minutes to 3 minutes.
15,, wherein, in said (3) step, also be included in sterilization and use 20 minutes to 40 minutes step of the said food materials of distilled water immersion afterwards like each described method in the technical scheme 9 to 14.
16, a kind of method of raising Cordyceps sinensis host larva, wherein, said method adopts technical scheme 1 to 8 described feed to raise.
17, like technical scheme 16 described methods, wherein, said host larva is Hepialidae (Hepialidae) larva.
18, like technical scheme 16 or 17 described methods, wherein, said method adopts under the condition that soil is arranged and raises.
19, like technical scheme 18 described methods, wherein, said method comprises the steps:
(1) takes out the thick fertile soil of top layer 2cm to 5cm;
(2) put into technical scheme 1 to 8 each described feed;
(3) spread the thick fertile soil of 1cm to 5cm;
(4) spraying distilled water to said fertile soil holds not water outlet branch and is as the criterion;
(5) raise said host larva.
20, like each described method in the technical scheme 16 to 19, wherein, (5) step is carried out under 10 ℃ to 15 ℃ condition.
21, like each described method in the technical scheme 16 to 20, wherein, carry out in the altitude environment of (5) step more than height above sea level 3000m.
Feed provided by the present invention can be applied to the especially raising of bat moth larvae of the parasitic larva of Cordyceps sinensis immediately.The parasitic larva of Cordyceps sinensis is especially raised as a large amount of high-qualitys of aweto host's bat moth larvae and has solved the worm source problem in the Cordyceps sinensis artificial culture.Cordyceps sinensis resource intense situation has good mitigation for alleviating instantly.
Feed provided by the present invention is compared with existing feed, and nutrition is balanced more, the operation of being more convenient for, and economical savings, remarkably productive, have important application value, be more suitable in industrialization promotion.
The feeding quality ratio method of related a kind of insect larvae of Hepialidae has solved artificial technology's link of raising this kind larva; The artificial scale that can be used in the bat moth larvae is raised; Artificial culture for Cordyceps sinensis produces huge progradation, thereby can produce huge economic benefit.
The specific embodiment
To describe concrete preferred implementation of the present invention below.
In first aspect, the invention provides a kind of feed that is used to raise the bat moth larvae, wherein, said feed comprises following food materials: Chinese artichoke (Lamiaceae, Stachys sieboldii) and potentilla anserina (Rosaceae, Potentilla anserine).
This result of study shows that Chinese artichoke and potentilla anserina all are accompanying plants of Cordyceps sinensis host, thus they to have the advantage of not replacing be to gather materials on the spot, convenient and save.
Measure discovery through research, the subterranean stem of Chinese artichoke contains moisture 70%-80%, soluble sugar about 10%, soluble protein about 25%, starch about 0.5%, crude fat about 2.5%, cellulose about 1%.About vitamin C 0.1%, the content of various elements is Fe 0.218mg/g K 9.172mg/g Mn 0.010mg/g Mg 0.125mg/g Ca 5.125mg/g P 11.122mg/g Cu 3.680mg/g Zn0.023mg/g.And Chinese artichoke can domesticating and cultivating now.Therefore the acquisition ratio of material is easier to.
Measure discovery through research, the potentilla anserina subterranean stem contains moisture 50%-80% through mensuration, soluble sugar about 5%, soluble protein about 40%, starch about 2%, crude fat about 2.5%, cellulose about 1%.About vitamin C 1%, the content of various elements is Fe 0.074mg/g K 10.491mg/g Mn 0.023mg/g Mg 0.349mg/g Ca 6.980mg/g P 9.728mg/g Cu 3.100mg/g Zn 0.029mg/g.
Because it is underground that the bat moth larvae is lived in, the underground rhizome of the plant that mainly searches for food, but discovery bat moth larvae is also got the aerial part of the above-mentioned plant of food in the research.But underground rhizome is convenient to sterilization and is had abundant nutrition, therefore, some preferred embodiment in, said feed adopts the subterranean stem of Chinese artichoke and/or potentilla anserina as food materials.
Some preferred embodiment in; The mass ratio of said Chinese artichoke and potentilla anserina is 5: 25 to 25: 5, for example can be (5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,15,18,20,22 or 25): (25,22,20,18,15,12,11,10,9,8,7,6 or 5).More preferably said mass ratio is like technical scheme 3 described feeds, and wherein, the mass ratio of said Chinese artichoke and potentilla anserina is 5: 25,10: 20 or 25: 5.If the mass ratio of Chinese artichoke is excessive, be prone to cause bat moth larvae maldevelopment; If the ratio of Chinese artichoke is low excessively, then bat moth larvae growing way is bad.
Some preferred embodiment in, said feed preferably also comprises the carrot (Apiaceae, Daucus carota) as food materials.
Some preferred embodiment in, said carrot: Chinese artichoke: the mass ratio of potentilla anserina is 3: (3～24): (3～24).For example be 3: (3,4,5,7,8,10,12,15,18,20 or 24): (3,4,5,7,8,10,12,15,18,20 or 24).More preferably, said carrot: Chinese artichoke: the mass ratio of potentilla anserina is 3: 10: 17,3: 3: 24 or 3: 24: 3.If the mass ratio of said carrot is excessive, then the bat moth larvae death rate is higher; If the mass ratio of carrot is too small, then feeding cost increases
Some preferred embodiment in, said feed adopts the subterranean stem of carrot as food materials, carrot subterranean stem be convenient to gather and nutritious, other positions of carrot are comparatively speaking because more perishable and preferably do not adopt.
In second aspect of the present invention, a kind of method of technology of preparing scheme 1 to 8 described feed is provided, wherein, said method comprises the steps:
(1) obtains Chinese artichoke and potentilla anserina and/or carrot, and clean said food materials as food materials;
(2) cutting is as the carrot of food materials and/or the Chinese artichoke that fractures; With
(3) said food materials are carried out disinfection.
Wherein, in first step, said carrot is optional.But, some preferred embodiment in, said carrot is preferably further to be included in the said feed.
In some embodiments, in said (1) step, adopt said food materials subterranean stem separately, and comprise the step of washing said rhizomatous earth off and removing said rhizomatous fibrous root as raw material.
In some embodiments, in said (2) step, said food materials are cut into after putting into insect box, do not touch insect box wall portion and be as the criterion.If food materials oversize makes the wall portion of itself and insect box touch, be prone to during water spray because contain higher moisture and be easy to the fungi procreation at contact-making surface; If said food materials is undersized, the then As time goes on nutritional labeling consumption of feed and cause the bat moth larvae when running into feed block, the nutrition of feed block itself are abundant inadequately; Can seek other feed block behind edible this less feed block of bat moth larvae again; Such motion causes the probability that the bat moth larvae meets in the box to increase, and is easy to cause fight, causes damage; The easy fungal infection of wound influences the survival of bat moth larvae.
In some embodiments, said carrot is cut into 0.5cm
3To 1.5cm
3The piece material, for example be 0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0,1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4 or 1.5cm
3The piece material.
In some embodiments, in (3) step, use alcohol-pickled said food materials to carry out disinfection.Preferably, the concentration of said alcohol is 75 volume %, and soak time is 2 minutes to 3 minutes.
Some preferred embodiment in, in said (3) step, makes water (being preferably distilled water) soak the step of said food materials after also being included in sterilization.The present invention is to not special restriction of the time of soaking, but is preferably 20 minutes to 40 minutes, for example can 20 minutes, 22 minutes, 25 minutes, 27 minutes, 30 minutes, 32 minutes, 35 minutes or 40 minutes.
In the third aspect of the invention, a kind of method of raising Cordyceps sinensis host larva is provided, wherein, the said feed that said method is employed in first aspect of the present invention to be provided is raised.
Some preferred embodiment in, said host larva is that bat belongs to (Hepialus) larva.
Some preferred embodiment in, said method adopts under the condition that soil is arranged and raises.It is the natural life condition of bat moth larvae that the condition of soil is arranged; And the condition of not having soil is the change to bat moth larvae life condition, does not raise that to have a sterilization easy though have under the native condition, and it is convenient to observe; Be easy to throw in feed; Easy and simple to handle, but unknown grow and the influence of physique etc. for the bat moth larvae, do not see the raising under the no native condition in the factory farming at present; And native condition simulation has been arranged bat moth larvae natural habitat, make it is being the comparatively safe feeding manner of present artificially cultivating cordyceps near the growth under its nature as far as possible.Carrot is raised as feed in the said method, but does not see the report that in soil, adds foodstuff.
Some preferred embodiment in, said method comprises the steps: that (1) take out the thick fertile soil of top layer 2cm to 5cm; (2) put into technical scheme 1 to 8 each described feed; (3) spread the thick fertile soil of 1cm to 5cm; (4) spraying distilled water to said fertile soil holds not water outlet branch and is as the criterion; (5) raise said host larva.
In (1) step, the thickness on said top layer for example can be 2cm, 3cm, 4cm or 5cm.
In (5) step, can under 10 ℃ to 15 ℃ condition, raise, for example under 10,11,12,13,14 or 15 ℃ condition, raise.
Other preferred embodiment in; Carry out in the altitude environment of said (5) step more than height above sea level 3000m; Suitable high height above sea level more meets the ecosystem environment of bat moth larvae, for example under the height above sea level condition of 3000m, 3100m, 3200m, 3300m, 3400m, 3500m, 3800m, 4000m, 4500m or 5000m, carries out.If height above sea level is low excessively, the bat moth larvae causes undergrowth because of non-refractory or hyperbar.
Need to prove employed in this manual various scopes are to be understood that to be to comprise the endpoint value of scope and each numerical value in this scope, comprise wherein whole subranges.
Embodiment
To come to describe in more detail the present invention through embodiment below.But these embodiment only for purpose of explanation, should not be construed qualification of the present invention.
Material
The present invention chooses the carrot (Apiaceae of Umbelliferae Daucus; Daucus carota), the Chinese artichoke (Lamiaceae of Labiatae wood genus; Stachys sieboldii), the underground rhizome of the potentilla anserina of rose family Potentilla (Rosaceae, Potentilla anserine) part is as the composition of feed.
The feed processing mode does, the earth of being with is rinsed well with running water, removes its fibrous root as far as possible, and carrot is cut into volume and is about 1cm
3Little, potentilla anserina is not cut, Chinese artichoke suitably fractures according to size, can putting into insect box, and does not touch the box wall and is as the criterion.Use 75 volume % alcohol-pickled then, to reach the purpose of disinfection, various material soak times got final product in 2-3 minute.Then with distilled water flushing to alcohol-free smell, and soak after 30 minutes and be placed in the plastic casing.
Embodiment 1
The bat moth larvae of feeding after potentilla anserina and Chinese artichoke mixed than (seeing table 2) with different quality.
At first, take out the fertile soil of the top layer part of 2cm, put into feed, and then add the 2cm fertile soil, spray an amount of distilled water (injection flow rate is as the criterion but hold not water outlet branch with ground moistening).Covering lid cultivates on 10 ℃ of-15 ℃ of following 3600m plateaus.The larva of raising is turned over box investigation different disposal breeding grub survival rate (final larva number/initially put borer population) and uses ten thousand/electronic balance to measure larva sum body weight, carry out substance then and contrast.
7 processing (seeing table 1) altogether of food materials Mixed Design, 5 repetitions are established in each processing.35 boxes, every box 30 cephalonts amount to 1050 cephalonts.A feed was whenever added in design at a distance from 30 days.Sample investigation data when each interpolation feed.Confirm preferred mass ratio according to the gained data, and measure the nutritional labeling (, preferably providing) of this combination feed if data are arranged.
The mass ratio of table 1 Chinese artichoke and potentilla anserina
| Numbering | Chinese artichoke | Potentilla anserina (g) |
| 1 | 0 | 30 |
| 2 | 5 | 25 |
| 3 | 10 | 20 |
| 4 | 15 | 15 |
| 5 | 20 | 10 |
| 6 | 25 | 5 |
| 7 | 30 | 0 |
Table 2 larva surplus (raising 14 months)
| Numbering | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| The residue borer population | 18 | 23 | 21 | 10 | 19 | 21 | 12 |
Table 3 larva average weight (g) (raising 14 months)
Embodiment 2
The bat moth larvae of feeding after above three kinds of food materials are mixed than (mass ratio is seen table 1) with different quality, (the feed input amount is calculated with every month 1g of every cephalont).At first, take out top layer part fertile soil, put into feed.Then, add an amount of fertile soil again, spray an amount of distilled water (injection flow rate is as the criterion but hold not water outlet branch with ground moistening).Covering lid cultivates on 10 ℃ of-15 ℃ of following 3600m plateaus.The sample investigation survival rate of larvae is measured the larva body weight with use ten thousand/electronic balance, thereby finally draws three kinds of feed optimum quality ratios.
The food materials batch mixing is established 10 processing (seeing table 1) altogether, and 5 repetitions are established in each processing.50 boxes, every box 30 cephalonts amount to 1500 cephalonts.A feed was whenever added in design at a distance from 30 days.Sample investigation data when each interpolation feed.Confirm preferred mass ratio (each processing is turned over box and investigated 2 boxes, counting larva number and with ten thousand/balance weighing body weight, and draw single polypide weight) according to the gained data.
The mass ratio of three kinds of food materials of table 4
| Numbering | Carrot (g) | Chinese artichoke (g) | Potentilla anserina (g) |
| 1 | 10 | 10 | ?10 |
| 2 | 3 | 17 | ?10 |
| 3 | 3 | 10 | ?17 |
| 4 | 10 | 3 | ?17 |
| 5 | 17 | 3 | ?10 |
| 6 | 10 | 17 | ?3 |
| 7 | 17 | 10 | ?3 |
| 8 | 3 | 3 | ?24 |
| 9 | 3 | 24 | ?3 |
| 10 | 24 | 3 | ?3 |
Table 5 larva surplus (raising 11 months)
Table 6 larva average weight (g) (raising 11 months)
| Numbering | Average weight (g) |
| 1 | 0.528 |
| 2 | 0.573 |
| 3 | 0.822 |
| 4 | 0.558 |
| 5 | 0.626 |
| 6 | 0.464 |
| 7 | 0.569 |
| 8 | 0.708 |
| 9 | 0.715 |
| 10 | 0.695 |
Through the experiment in 2 years, the result showed, comprised feed as the Chinese artichoke of food materials and the potentilla anserina Cordyceps sinensis host-bat moth larvae that is very suitable for feeding.Can reduce the probability of bat moth larvae (refering in particular to aweto) fungal infection bacterium in non-parasitic sensitive periods when further comprising carrot as food materials.In above-described two larvas that embodiment raised, especially with Chinese artichoke: the potentilla anserina mass ratio is 5: 25,10: 20,25: 5 scheme and a carrot: Chinese artichoke: the potentilla anserina mass ratio is that 3: 10: 17,3: 3: 24 and 3: 24: 3 schemes have better effect.
The document that quote the every other document of being quoted among this paper and they is incorporated this paper into through the reference mode.
Should be understood that; Content disclosed according to the present invention and prior art; Those skilled in the art can carry out various improvement and/or change to the present invention; These do not break away from essence of the present invention in the technical scheme of improving and/or change is to be understood that to the scope that is in accompanying claims.
Claims (10)
1. feed that is used to raise the bat moth larvae, wherein, said feed comprises following food materials: Chinese artichoke (Lamiaceae, Stachys sieboldii) and potentilla anserina (Rosaceae, Potentilla anserine).
2. feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the subterranean stem of said feed employing Chinese artichoke and the subterranean stem of potentilla anserina are as food materials.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 feed, wherein, the mass ratio of said Chinese artichoke and potentilla anserina is 5: 25 to 25: 5.
4. method for preparing the described feed of claim 1 to 3, wherein, said method comprises the steps:
(1) obtains as the Chinese artichoke of food materials and potentilla anserina and/or carrot and clean;
(2) cutting is as the carrot of food materials and/or the Chinese artichoke that fractures; With
(3) said food materials are carried out disinfection.
5. method of raising Cordyceps sinensis host larva, wherein, said method adopts the described feed of claim 1 to 8 to raise.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, wherein, said host larva is that Hepialidae (Hepialidae) bat belongs to (Hepialus) larva.
7. like claim 6 or 7 described methods, wherein, said method adopts under the condition that soil is arranged and raises.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, wherein, said method comprises the steps:
(1) takes out the thick fertile soil of top layer 2cm to 5cm;
(2) put into each described feed of claim 1 to 8;
(3) spread the thick fertile soil of 1cm to 5cm;
(4) spraying distilled water to said fertile soil holds not water outlet branch and is as the criterion;
(5) raise said host larva.
9. like each described method in the claim 6 to 8, wherein, (5) step is carried out under 10 ℃ to 15 ℃ condition.
10. like each described method in the claim 6 to 9, wherein, carry out in the altitude environment of (5) step more than height above sea level 3000m.
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| CN104839510A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-08-19 | 青海省畜牧兽医科学院 | Cordyceps sinensis host larvae feed and preparation method thereof |
| WO2016026237A1 (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2016-02-25 | 广东省昆虫研究所 | Manual low-altitude raising method for host insect hepialidae of ophiocordyceps sinensis |
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